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Paper-based electrochemical biosensors are a promising alternative to conventional biosensors. Herein, a screen-printed paper-based electrochemical flow biosensor was developed. The sensor comprise...

In recent years, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) plate fabricated on paper (P-ELISA) has been well developed. However, low sensitivity is its main disadvantage and has limited its use. In...

An instantaneously usable fully printed paper-based three-electrode system was developed for use as cost-effective and disposable biosensors and ion sensors. The three-electrode system was composed...

Chemosensor arrays are useful analytical methods in supramolecular analytical chemistry, which discriminate molecular information such as species and their concentrations based on pattern recogniti...

A superhydrophobic paper with excellent robustness was prepared by roll coating with micro/nano SiO2 modified with γ-aminopropyltriethoxysilane and 1H,1H,2H,2H-perfluorooctyltriethoxysilane as pigm...

A paper-based, origami, glucose/O2, biofuel cell (PBFC) was constructed as an array of two individual cells by screen-printing. The fabricated PBFC, which modulated output voltage by paper folding, exhibited almost 1 V of open-circuit voltage without any booster circuit. The maximum output power density of the PBFC was 180 µW cm−2. This PBFC concept is highly applicable to the development of high-power, low-cost, and flexible energy-harvesting devices.

Performances of direct ascorbic acid fuel cells using anodes of nano carbons (SWCNT, graphene, C60) and their composites with conducting polymers were studied. The output power using polyaniline@SW...

We used a surfactant to fabricate a microfluidic paper-based analytical device (µPAD) by selective modification of hydrophobic filter paper. Hydrophobic tails of the surfactant penetrate and remain...

Thermal paper, which is comprised of sulfonylurea molecule R1SO2NH–CO–NH–R2 (color developer) and the leuco-dye, can develop strong black color, and the developed color is durable. This is because ...

We used surfactants to increase the spreading property when drop-jetting using the drop-on-demand printing method in order to create a flexible paper electrode that is low-cost and does not require high temperatures. The method results from a silver percolation network by adjusting the surface tension value of water. In addition, we were able to create surfactants and electrodes, and prove the probability of the correlation between conductivities by using contact angle measurement. Using this approach, where the silver precursor and the reducing agent formed by in situ chemical reduction, the printed solution state before using electrodes was able to form a long-range percolation network. The resistance of the electrode formed at this time was 2.2 Ω cm, demonstrating a resistance of about 25.8 Ω cm after 500 durability measurements were performed through a process of folding the electrode.

The mechanism of the color development on thermal paper, comprising a fluoran dye (S-205) and a color developer molecule, such as bisphenol A, was elucidated based on spectroscopic analyses (IR, and NMR) on an isolated black-colored compound prepared by a reaction of S-205 and bisphenol A. We propose that this black-colored compound is, indeed, a color-developing complex (CDC) with a definite molar ratio (S-205 : bisphenol A = 1 : 4 ) which has been formed between the open-form S-205 (generated by the cleavage of the lactone ring of S-205: zwitterion) and bisphenol A through hydrogen-bonding. The enthalpy gain associated with the formation of CDC plays an important role for black-color formation on thermal paper.

A selective scavenger for precious metals, Cell-g-PHCTMA, was prepared by the modification of a cellulose filter paper through graft polymerization of glycidyl methacrylate and subsequent functionalization of the side chain with hydroxyethyl thiocarbamate moieties. Batch techniques were employed to determine the capacity and selectivity of Cell-g-PHCTMA for metal adsorption. Results indicated that it efficiently and selectively extracted Ag(I), Pd(II), and Au(III) from their aqueous solutions. Thus, Cell-g-PHCTMA shows great potential for its practical application in the collection of precious metals.

A new sensitive and simple spot test has been developed for the visual determination of trace element in water, based on the formation of a size confined colored ring on hydrophobic filter paper. When 0.1 cm3 of aqueous solution is spotted on the water-repelling surface and evaporated in an oven, a small fleck of 6 mm diameter edged with a colored analyte is formed. This method has been successfully applied to the visual fluorometric determination of trace aluminium(III) ion with 2,2′-dihydroxyazobenzene (DHAB or H2L). The 1 : 1 chelate, [AlL]+, becomes localized in a concentric ring zone at pH 6.5. The detection limit is 2 × 10−8 mol dm−3 (0.5 ppb) by visual fluorometry with a UV lamp in the dark.

水熱法による焼却製紙スラヅジからのケイ酸カルシウム含有イオン交換体の合成および合成試料の陽イオン交換特性を研究した。焼却製紙スラッジへの酸化カルシウム,酸化ケイ素および水酸化ナトリウムの添加量によって,トバ.モライトと3種類のゼオライトが合成された。150～175℃ において,トバモライトは0.7≦Ca/Si≦1.1,0.15≦2Na/Si≦0.5で合成され,トバモライトと3種類のゼオライトの混合物は0.25≦Ca/Si≦0.4,o.15≦2Na/Si≦LOで合成された。水溶液中のCs+,Co2+およびZn2+イオンに対する合成試料中のCa2+イオンの陽イオン交換特性は,バッチ法により室温大気圧下で検討された。合成トバモライトは,室温および大気圧中においてCo2+およびZn2+イオンに対して層構造中の格子Ca2+イオンと容易にイオン交換されることを見いだした。すなわち,化合物は著者の一人の鈴木によって提唱された一種の「格子イオン交換体」であることを見いだした。以上の結果,焼却製紙スラッジから合成された化合物はイオン交換体として有効であると結論される。

A fully screen-printed electrode chip was fabricated for glucose detection. The utility of the screen-printed electrode chip based on a Japanese paper was demonstrated through the determination of ...

An adsorption gel was prepared from waste paper by immobilizing iminodiacetic acid so as to investigate its adsorption behavior for various metal ions from chloride media. The gel was found to be s...

A mixture of N-dodecanoylhistidine methyl ester (DHOMe) and dodecyl dihydrogenphosphate (DDP) gave a chromatographically distinct complex in chloroform, where the imidazole staining was markedly enhanced and the phosphate staining showed a characteristic delayed appearance. The 1H NMR chemical shift of 8.53 ppm (imidazole C–2H) observed for a 1 : 1 mixture of the two amphiphiles was downfield shifted by nearly 1.0 ppm vis-a-vis DHOMe alone. The data suggest that the complex between DHOMe and DDP in chloroform is stabilized by hydrogen bonding and ion-pair interactions.

TiO2-containing papers with highly photocatalytic activity have been prepared. Their photocatalytic activity was investigated by measuring the decomposition of gaseous acetaldehyde under illumination from a weak UV light source such as a conventional white fluorescent light bulb. It was found that the photocatalytic efficiency of the TiO2-containing papers was higher than that of Degussa P-25, one of the most efficient commercial TiO2 powders, indicating that paper pulp serves as a good matrix for highly efficient TiO2 photocatalysts.

ホスホニウムイオンの分離，定性分析に応用することを目的としてトリメチル，トリエチル，トリブチル，およびトリフェニルホスフィン(R3′P)と，メチル基からブチル基までの4種の直鎖アルキル，C6H5CH2, CH3COCH2, C6H5COCH2, CH3OCOCH2, CH3CH2OCOCH2, NCCH2などのハロゲン化物(RX)から合成した合計40種類のホスホニウムイオン(RR3′P+)のろ紙電気泳動を行った．その平均易動度と分子パラメーターとしての分子量，分子の大きさを反映する分子体積，分子表面積との相関を検討し，いずれのパラメーターとも良好な相関が存在することを見いだした．さらに相関の勾配はpH 1.9に比べ3.1での値が大きくなり，ホスホニウムイオン上の置換基の違いに基づく分離，定性に有利となることを見いだした．

繊維に付着した油性汚れの洗浄における洗浄剤の界面化学的作用を,機械力および流体力学的作用のほとんどない状態で明らかにするため,ペーパークロマトグラフ法を用いて検討した。繊維集合体モデルとしてのセルロース瀕紙に,汚れモデルとしてのオレイン酸(OA),オレイルアルコール(OL),スクアレソ(SQ)あるいはコレステロール(CH)を点着したものを,硫酸ドデシルナトリウム(SDS)の水溶液で展開し,Rf'値とSDS濃度および温度の関係を調べた。洗浄力の指標としてのRf'値は,いずれの油性汚れの場合もSDSの臨界ミセル濃度(cmc)以下の濃度で上昇し始める。すなわちCH,OL,OAあるいはSQでは,それぞれ約1.5,2.0,2.5あるいは3.5mMのSDS濃度で上昇し始め,濃度が増すと増加しよく洗浄される.Rf'=1となるSDS濃度はcmc付近で,OLとOAでは約7.OmMで,CHとSQはそれぞれ8.OmMと9.OmMであった。OAではRf'値の立ち上がる濃度とRf'=1となる濃度は,温度の上昇と共にSDSの低濃度へ移動する。SDSのcmc以下の低濃度での油性汚れの洗浄は,界面活性剤と油性汚れ分子のcomplexに支配される。

針葉樹系繊維に貝化石を混合して調製した填料含有紙の特性について,これまで検討されていない填料高含有率の範囲まで研究した.填料充填率は約10～90%である。水銀細孔計および走査型電子顕徴鏡により細孔構造を,また,引張・破裂・耐折試験により,機械的特性を検討した。試料の細孔径分布を試料の体積あたりの細孔容積に換算して検討し,次の結果を得た。繊維のみのシートでは,直径20～100μmの細孔が主であるが,填料が数%添加されると,2～10μmの細孔量が急増し,填料が増加するとさらにこの細孔が増加した。填料含有率70%では,2～10μmの細孔が減少するとともに,2μm以下の細孔が増加している。90%含有紙では2μm以上の細孔がさらに減少した。以上の細孔分布の変化は,填料粒子の集合が進むためと解釈される。引張・破裂・耐折に関する機械的強度のうち填料含有率の増加による影響が最も大きいのは耐折強度で,含有率50%でほとんど強度0に近い結果を示した。また0機械的強度は繊維のみの試料に比べ,填料の少ない含有率数%の試料でも大きく減少した。これは,填料が繊維の接合部から選択的に付着し,繊維どうしの結合を弱めるためと考察した,上記の結果は,電子顕微鏡の観察によっても認めることができた。

The penetration of liquid into a piece of filter paper hung vertically above a liquid is studied theoretically and experimentally. The height of the ascent of the liquid is proportional to the square root of the time at the initial stage of the penetration, but the proportionality does not hold in a wide range of time. The equation which describes this relationship between the height and time has been derived. The values of the parameters in the equation have been determined for acetone, benzene, water, carbon tetrachloride and ethanol. It is concluded that the capillary gap in the filter paper is about 6 μ in the half distance and the length of the gap is about 3 times larger than the length of the filter paper, if the gap is assumed to be two dimensional.

技術の成熟した銀塩写真材料において,カラー写真の色と保存性を大きく向上させる新規技術が開発され,一般用カラーペーパーに広く実用化されるにいたった。これらの技術は,人間の眼に敏感な,赤,赤紫,青などの色の鮮かさを一段と高めるまったく新しい発色剤とそれらの色の光に対する安定性を特異的に補強する光安定化剤とそして現像処理後にカラープリント上に発生する不要ステインを抑制するスティン防止剤から成り立っている。この新しいマゼンタ(赤紫色)発色剤は,五員環一五員環が縮合した1H-ピラゾロ[1,5-b][1,2,4]トリアゾール骨格を有し,これまで科学文献にその構造が記載されていない新規な複素環である。特異的に有効な光安定剤は,スピロインダン化合物であり,この化合物によりこの新しいカラーペーパーの光安定性は,従来のカラーペーパーに比較し,1.5～2.0倍にも向上した。またステイン防止剤は,現像処理後にプリント中にわずかに残存したカラー現像主薬が時間を経て着色成分となるのを未然に捕獲する特別に設計された求核剤と求電子剤である。これらの三つの技術の複合化が,色と画像の保存性を飛躍的に高め世界最高レベルの品質を有するカラーペーパーの実現を可能にした。

メンブランフィルターホルダーに,メンブランの代りにアルミニウムと亜鉛との混合水酸化物を含浸した炉紙をはさみ,検水を炉過することにより炉紙に濃縮する。騨紙上に吸着捕集されたアニオン界面活性剤をローダミソBと反応させ赤紫色に呈色させる。水洗によって余分のローダミンBを除去したのち,炉紙をエタノールに抽出し抽出液の吸光度を測定してアニオン界面活性剤を定量することができた。鉄(III),カルシウム,リン酸は妨害するが,小量の塩化亜鉛を添加し,カチオン交換樹脂とともにかきまぜることによってこれらの妨害を除去できた。試料水50mlを使用した場合に最低で0.02ppmまでのドデシルベンゼンスルホン酸(DBS)を定量できた。河川水中のアニオン界画活性剤の定量に応用した。

Paper chromatographic behavior of manganese in the solutions of condensed phosphates of short chain lengths has been studied in order to identify the form of soluble manganese.. Three series of sodium phosphate solutions, ortho-, pyro-, tripoly-, containing manganese ion were prepared as sample solutions. The developed paper chromatogram was devided vertically in two, one half being used to revelate manganese by para-formaldehyde method and an other being used to revelate phosphate by heteropoly blue method. The positions of both revelation zones are important in connection with their chemical forms.In the case of tripolyphosphate solutions containing manganese, a revelation zone of unknown phosphate appeared closely under the regular zone of tripolyphosphate and a zone of unknown manganese also appeared in the distant level from that of manganese (II) ion. From the fact that both unknown zones were developed in the same level on filter paper, the form of soluble manganese was estimated as a large complex ion coordinated tripolyphosphate. The complex ion was considerably stable in the solution of mole ratio (Mn2+P205) below 0.6 and its formula was estimated as [MnP3010]3- from Mn and P2O5 determinations of unknown revelation zones.The manganese (II) ion was unstable in pyro- and orthophosphate solutions and manganese salts precipitated. However, the slightly soluted manganese was identified as a complex coordinated pyrophosphate in the pyrophosphate solution and as a simple ion of manganese (II) in the orthophosphate solution by the use of paper chromatography.

〓 (R=2-サフトール-6, 8-ジスルホン酸, 2-ナフトール-3, 6-ジスルホン酸, 2-ナフトール-6-スルホン酸, 2-ナフトール-7-スルホン酸, 2-ナフトール-8-スルホン酸) についてスルホン酸基の置換位置または数と塩析効果の受けやすさとの関係を, 塩化カリウム水溶液または含アルコール, 塩水溶液を展開液とした塩析型ロ紙クロマトグラフィーのRf値等により検討した。さらにベンザルレブリン酸の3種の位置異性体をその2, 4-ジニトロフェニルヒドラゾンにしたものをロ紙電気泳動または塩析型ロ紙クロマトグラフィーにより明確に分離した。

(1) It was found that polyethylene oxide on paper can readily be recognized with fluorescein as an adsorption indicator. (2) It was found that paper chromatography can be applied also for polyethylene oxide in the range of the average molecular weight 1,000-5,000, as the first case for hydrophilic polymer, in the same manner as low molecular weight substances. (3) It was found that paper chromatography gives a simple new relative method of determination of the average molecular weight of polyethylene oxide in the range mentioned above, where all the other conventional methods encounter serious difficulties.

In continuation of the previous work (Y. Matsumoto and M. Shirai, Bunseki kagaku, 12, 608 (1963); Y. Matsumoto and M. Shirai, This Bulletin, 39, 59 (1966).), results of a study of the colored products resulting from the reaction between the chromium(III) ion and potassium hexacyanoferrate(II) by paper electrophoresis and polarography will be presented in this paper. Paper-electrophoretical experiments illustrated that the negatively-charged complexes containing both Cr and Fe were gradually formed by reaction. In the presence of excess potassium hexacyanoferrate(II), the resulting complexes were constant in color and situation in the electrophoretical patterns, regardless of the molar ratio of reactants. On the other hand, in the case of a reactant molar ratio (Fe(CN)64− to Cr3+) below 2.5, the patterns varied with the ratio. The product, sampled either in the form of a reaction mixture or as isolated state (Y. Matsumoto, M. Shirai, and H. Saito, This Bulletin, 41, 2542 (1968).), was found to present no r...

(1) Carrier-free yttrium-90 can be separated rapidly and simply from strontium-90 by paper chromatography. The most suitable solvent is a mixture of ethyl alcohol and 10% solution of ammonium thiocyanate (5:3 or 5:2). The Rf value of carrier-free yttrium-90 is 0 and that of strontium is 0.7 to 0.8. (2) Carrier-free yttrium-90 having a radiochemical purity more than 99.9% can be prepared within forty minutes. (3) If yttrium-carrier is present, when it is developed with the above mentioned solvent, it is distributed upward from the original position on the paper. Its distribution pattern depends upon the amount of yttrium-carrier and the developing time and it may be caused by the adsorption of yttrium on the paper.

The penetration of liquid through a vertically suspended filter paper was studied by measuring the weight increase with a strain gauge tensiometer for several organic liquids and aqueous solutions. The plot of penetration rate K=h⁄t1⁄2 (h, height of liquid rise and t, time) against (σ⁄η)1⁄2 (σ, surface tension and η, viscosity coefficient of wetting liquids) showed two straight lines, one for organic liquids and the other for aqueous solutions of sodium dodecyl sulfate. Both these lines passed the origin, suggesting Lucas-Washburn formula to hold. The plots for ethyl alcohol-water mixtures showed behaviors intermediate between those two linear relations. The aqueous solutions caused swelling of fibers and reduced the mean capillary radius of the filter paper, resulting in a decrease of the penetration constant P=K⁄(σ⁄η)1⁄2 but with a rather large K value. The plots for penetration of water through an untreated paper fell far below the straight line obtained for aqueous solutions of sodium dodecyl sulfate....