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Introduction Post-mastectomy physiotherapy typically includes massage, exercise, and stretching, but often fails to treat post-surgical scar tissue, a significant contributor to long-term disability. This study aimed to compare conventional therapy with myofascial manual therapy for treating post-surgical scar tissue in post-mastectomy patients and to determine the effectiveness of these treatments. Methods The study was an experimental controlled study with pre- and post-testing of two parallel groups. Forty-eight women experiencing shoulder and/or upper torso impairment following mastectomy were randomly allocated to either a control group ( n = 21) or a myofascial therapy group ( n = 27). Conventional physiotherapy involving exercise and massage or myofascial therapy was used. Pre- and post-therapy measurements included muscle length, pain intensity, range of motion (ROM), and scar mobility. Results Myofascial therapy was superior to conventional physiotherapy in reducing the percentage of patients with below-normal muscle lengths at several sites. Significant decreases from baseline were observed in the treatment group for the pars clavicularis, descending trapezius, pars sternocostalis, latissimus dorsi, and levator scapulae muscles. Myofascial therapy also improved mobility in the scar area, with increases of 3 mm relative to the xiphoid process and 4 mm relative to the coracoid. Conclusions Our study indicates that myofascial interventions improve upper limb ROM and muscle elasticity in the upper limb girdle of post-mastectomy patients. These findings provide empirical evidence supporting the benefits of myofascial intervention over conventional physiotherapy in the treatment of post-surgical scar tissue in this patient group.

Osteopathy is a medical system of diagnosis and treatment of a human being who is seen as an inseparable whole in terms of structure and function. However, there is a lack of coherence in the way osteopathic diagnosis and treatments are described in the literature. Medical databases including Medline, PubMed, PEDro, Osteopathic Research Web, and Cochrane Database of Systemic Reviews were reviewed. The data collected were assessed for compliance with the inclusion and exclusion criteria using abstract analysis. In total, 30 articles were analysed in depth. To systematise the results, these publications were divided into the following categories: musculoskeletal disorders, gynaecology, paediatrics, neurology, and internal medicine (gastroenterology, pulmonology, immunology). A review of the literature indicates that osteopathic treatments and techniques are most commonly used in orthopaedics and traumatology of the musculoskeletal system. The physiological and biomechanical mechanisms of action of osteopathic treatments are not confirmed by basic research.