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Splenosis is a heterotopic autotransplantation of splenic tissue after rupture of the splenic capsule caused by injury or during elective splenectomy in the management of haematological diseases. Splenosis might cause nonspecific abdominal symptoms but is usually asymptomatic, and it is diagnosed accidentally as an abdominal tumour. It is rarely diagnosed in the paediatric population. We describe a 12-year-old female patient with hereditary spherocytosis admitted to the hospital 3 years after elective splenectomy and cholecystectomy. In medical imaging abdominal and pelvic tumours together with enlarged lymph nodes were found. During laparoscopic surgery many nodules were found with morphology similar to splenic tissue in the omentum, on the surface of small intestine, colon and peritoneum. Results of histopathological examination confirmed splenosis. Splenosis should be considered in differential diagnosis of abdominal tumours in paediatric patients with a history of elective splenectomy or spleen injury.

Tetany is a condition in which serum electrolyte disturbances lead to increased neuronal excitability. We describe a case of life-threatening tetany in a 2.5-year-old boy with Dent’s disease linked with the CLCN5 gene. Dent’s disease is a renal tubular disorder characterized by a proximal tubule defect resulting in low-weight proteinuria, hypercalciuria, phosphaturia, impaired urinary acidification, nephrolithiasis/nephrocalcinosis and progressive renal failure. In the presented patient, multiple electrolyte derangements in the form of hyponatremia, hypochloremia, hypokalemia, hypocalcemia, and hypomagnesemia, determined by Dent’s disease, led to the development of diffuse muscle spasm and rhabdomyolysis, which ended with acute hyperthermia and seizures. Although, due to acuity of symptoms sepsis was suspected, the child showed dramatic improvement after the aggressive electrolyte repletion. We emphasize the need for considering tetany in patients with unstable vital signs, muscle cramping and medical conditions underlying electrolyte disorders.