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Introduction: Genetic factors contribute to the variation of human life span which is believed to be more profound after 85 years of age. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the frequency of 5 gene polymorphisms between nonagenarians, centenarians and average individuals., Material and Methods: Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of telomerase reverse transcriptase ( TERT ; rs2736098), insulin-like growth factor-1 binding protein-3 ( IGFBP3 ; A-202C, rs2857744), fork-head box O3A ( FOXO3A ; rs13217795 and rs2764264) factor and adiponectin ( ADIPOQ ; rs2241766) were evaluated in 405 individuals: n = 256 nonagenarians and centenarians (study group) and n = 149 average lifespan individuals (control group aged 18 - < 80 years)., Results: The frequency of women was significantly higher in the study group than the control group (64.5 vs. 49.7%, p = 0.004). Genotypic and allele frequencies did not differ between groups according to gender. However, in men, the frequency of TT genotype of FOXO3A ; rs2764264 was higher in the study group than the control group (45.6 vs. 28.0%, p = 0.05). Overall, the frequency of the C allele of FOXO3A ; rs2764264 was significantly lower in the study group than the control group (3.9 vs. 9.5%, respectively, p = 0.023). Furthermore, in the study group, the T allele was significantly more frequent in the nonagenarians ( n = 239) than the centenarians ( n = 17) in both FOXO3A ; rs13217795 and rs2764264 (64.4 vs. 44.1%, p = 0.018 and 69.7 vs. 50.0%, p = 0.017, respectively)., Conclusions: According to survival status, there is differentiation in the prevalence of both studied FOXO3A gene polymorphisms. The study group had half of the C alleles compared with the control group and centenarians less frequently had the T allele of both FOXO3A gene polymorphisms compared with nonagenarians. No difference was found between groups according to TERT , IGFBP3 and ADIPOQ gene polymorphisms. It seems that some polymorphisms may be significant in prolonging our lifespan. Nevertheless, confirmation in additional study populations is needed.

The most common cause of death in menopausal women is due to complications from cardiovascular disease. However, many physicians feel that the prevention in women may be delayed, because women present the clinical manifestations of cardiovascular disease 10 years later than men. Another matter emerged following the results of the Women's Health Initiative study and of the Heart Estrogen/Progestin Replacement Study. Thus the proper interpretation and implementation of science should be included in a strict procedure of appreciation and clear communication for both the qualitative and quantitative evaluation of evidence, used for the clinical guidelines. Based on objective scientific collaboration among various specialities, guidelines for the prevention of cardiovascular disease of adult women with a broad range of cardiovascular risk have been formed. In this review, the guidelines or recommendations which have been reported in the last 2 decades by various scientific societies for prevention of cardiovascular disease in women will be analysed.