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Introduction: Treatment of decubitus ulcers is a grave medical problem. In many cases, it is difficult to cure a pressure ulcer, especially when it is deep and extensive, and prognosis is usually unfavourable. Treatment of decubitus ulcers requires new specialist dressings, which play an important role in the healing process., Aim: To evaluate therapeutic efficacy of active specialist medical dressings in the treatment of decubitus., Material and Methods: Research involved 40 patients - 18 (45%) women and 22 (55%) men, suffering from decubitus ulcers of different size and depth, localized in the sacral region, lasting from 1.5 to 30 months. Patients were randomly assigned to two research groups (20 people each), were treated for 4 weeks with 2 different specialist dressings. ATRAUMAN Ag, which contains silver ions, was used in the first group, while paraffin gauze of BACTIGRAS type was used in the second group. An assessment of pressure ulcers' healing progress was done with a planimetric method, which evaluates the wound surface area., Results: The analysis results showed a significant statistical decrease in an average decubitus ulcer surface area in both research groups: in the first group by 60.2% ( p = 0.001), and in the second group by 32.95% ( p < 0.001), which speaks in favour of dressings with silver ions as having better therapeutic effectiveness., Conclusions: Using specialist dressings results in a significant decrease in the decubitus ulcer surface area, depending on the type of dressing and active substances contained within, while silver ions support curative effectiveness of the dressing used., Competing Interests: The authors declare no conflict of interest., (Copyright © 2021 Termedia.)

This review study describes the problem of duodenal tumours, which are rare but important in gastrological practice. The most common location of small intestinal tumours is the duodenum, and this observation is probably partly due to the greater diagnostic availability for most proximal segments of the small intestine. Among tumours the following should be mentioned - benign: adenomas, lipomas, haemangiomas, and leiomyomas; and malignant: malignant tumours of epithelial origin, primary gastrointestinal stromal tumours, neuroendocrine tumours and carcinoids, lymphomas, sarcomas, teratomas, and secondary metastases. Early duodenal tumour recognition, especially with histological assessment, plays a crucial diagnostic role with future therapeutic implications. In recent years the prevalence of benign duodenal tumours has been rising due to a higher level of clinicians' doubts and the convenience of gastrointestinal endoscopy; hence, knowledge of this problem is important in routine clinical practice. The method of duodenal tumour treatment should be selected on an individual basis., Competing Interests: The authors declare no conflict of interest., (Copyright: © 2019 Termedia Sp. z o. o.)

Aim of the Study: Heterotopic gastric mucosa of the upper esophagus (HGMUE) may be connected with disorders of the upper gastrointestinal tract, exacerbated by Helicobacter pylori. Furthermore, HGMUE may be the origin of malignant progression to cervical esophageal carcinoma., Material and Methods: In this work, 20 patients with diagnosed heterotopic gastric mucosa of the upper esophagus (HGMUE) were subjected to 5-year follow-up to determine the extent and structure of histopathological changes within HGMUEs, as well as HGMUE dysplasia and metaplasia, and risk of their malignant transformation. As a diagnostic tool to describe localization, form, size and surface feature of HGMUEs, endoscopy was used. At the same time, the biopsies were collected for histopathological and microbiological analysis., Results: In examined patients, HGMUEs were associated with inflammation, chronic gastritis, hiatus hernia, duodenal bulb erosion and ulcer and infection of H. pylori. Intestinal metaplasia and low grade dysplasia were also indicated. During 5 years of observation, both the clinical and histopathological image of diagnosed HGMUEs was stable. The patients with detected presence of H. pylori were treated with triple or quadruple therapy. These results show that HGMUEs may be associated with severe complications in the gastrointestinal tract, such as infection by H. pylori, hiatus hernia or duodenal ulcer. Although dysplasias and metaplasias found in diagnosed HGMUEs were not very numerous and relatively stable both clinically and histopathologically, at the present stage of the study we cannot exclude the possibility of HGMUE malignant transformation.