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The current study aims to evaluate the potential role of extracorporeal shock wave therapy (ESWT) on functional status, physical disability, and pain in patients suffering from low back pain (LBP). ESWT may provide superior therapeutic outcomes in reducing pain and ameliorating the patient's functional status regarding LBP.

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Kienbock disease (KD) was described by Robert Kienbock in 1910 as osteomalacia of the lunate. A century has passed since the first description of KD, and numerous theories, classifications, and treatments have been published for achieving the best outcomes for this disease, but the treatments remain controversial among surgeons. Various classifications have been proposed for KD based on radiography, MRI, arthroscopy, and morphology from 1947 to 2017. Recently, the pioneers of KD (Lichtman and Bain) proposed a new classification based on all the previous classification (radiographic, MRI, and Arthroscopy). This classification seems to be the best evaluation method and treatment for KD. We recommend using this new classification for assessment of Kienbock disease.

Intertrochanteric (IT) fractures are responsible for almost half of the fractures in the elderly. The financial burdens of IT fractures are considerable, not only because of their influence on morbidity and mortality but also because they might lead to functional limitation, alleviated quality of life, and a limited possibility to work. There are several methods of fixations for IT fractures, such as cephalomedullary nailing, dynamic hip screw (DHS), proximal femur plate, and external fixator. Most of the patients with this fracture were unsuitable for anesthesia and surgical procedure. The external fixator is a fast, non-invasive, and bloodless method for fixation which would be performed with light sedation. In the present study, we reviewed recent literature regarding external fixators for IT fractures.

During an open fracture, the barrier of skin that protects the bones is breached, and the unprotected bones are exposed to the environment, resulting in contamination that leads to hematoma formation. It is often found that open fractures are associated with a high rate of morbidity and infection. In spite of the lack of evidence supporting negative pressure wound therapy (NPWT), open fractures may benefit from it. An increasing number of studies have demonstrated that it can be used to treat open fractures and open complex wounds after failure of arthroplasty or spinal surgery. Based on the recent studies and evidence, we reviewed the role of the NPWT in the open fracture in the present study.

No abstract is available.

The spine, pelvis, and hip are three anatomic structures that tightly interact to create spinopelvic mobility and harmony. Orthopaedic surgeons, both spine and hip specialists, must have a complete awareness of this concept. Recently, the literature has placed great emphasis on paying attention to these parameters in the preoperative planning of the total hip arthroplasty (THA). We could distinguish between balanced and unbalanced pelvis and spine with spinopelvic parameters and therefore, we could diagnose the spinopelvic stiffness that is important in preventing complications following THA. This review briefly introduces the importance of spinopelvic parameters and their critical role in THA outcome. Treatment algorithms are also provided based on the most recent studies.

Background: This study aimed to present a rare case of a failed dynamic hip screw (DHS) used for fixation of intertrochanteric fracture sliding into the pelvis and to review the most common causes of DHS failure in order to prevent this from happening in the future. Case Report: A 68-year-old woman was referred to the orthopedics clinic with left hip pain and limping from 6 months ago. In our evaluation, she had DHS failure and intrapelvic protrusion. Conclusion: There have been several aspects of the previously described DHS failure. We performed a two-stage total hip arthroplasty (THA) for the patient with a good one-year follow-up in the present case.

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Total Joint Arthroplasty (TJA) is a major surgery performed for patients who suffer from severe joint destruction. It is so important to reduce the blood loss in the TJA surgery to decrease the infection rate, falling, and other complications following the surgery. Many methods could reduce blood loss, such as mechanical methods and chemical methods. Tranexamic acid (TXA) is a chemical method to reduce blood loss in surgery. There are numerous methods of administration of TXA in the literature, such as intravenous (IV), intra-articular, and a combination of intra-articular and -venous methods. In the present review article, we review the studies that compared the efficacy of each method of the TXA administration.

Femoroacetabular impingement (FAI) could cause early osteoarthritis in patients. It is important to diagnosis this condition in the early stages to avoid osteoarthritis. The radiological x-ray is one of the main methods to diagnose FAI. There are many radiological signs which help orthopedic surgeons to diagnose FAI in the pelvic x-ray. Recent studies revealed many new signs for diagnosis and in the present concept article, we try to review all the radiological signs of the FAI in the pelvic and hip x-ray.

No abstract is available.

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no abstract is available.

Beneficial effects of stimulants on core symptoms of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) have been reported in several studies. Behavioral interventions have also been proposed as empirically supported interventions for ADHD. Although cognitive-behavioral therapies (CBT) have been criticized for the lack of evidence-based data, some studies have indicated the positive effects of CBT techniques on children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). This article reports the effects of self-monitoring technique, as a CBT technique, on inattentive behaviors of children with ADHD.

Beneficial effects of stimulants on core symptoms of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) have been reported in several studies. Behavioral interventions have also been proposed as empirically supported interventions for ADHD. Although cognitive-behavioral therapies (CBT) have been criticized for the lack of evidence-based data, some studies have indicated the positive effects of CBT techniques on children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). This article reports the effects of self-monitoring technique, as a CBT technique, on inattentive behaviors of children with ADHD.