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Fungal infection after total joint arthroplasty is an extremely serious complication and a challenge to the treating physician. When a fungal infection is compounded by a massive allograft or a metallic segmental replacement of the femur or other long bone, treatment options become increasingly limited and commonly have led to arthrodesis or amputation of the infected limb. We present the first case report of a low-grade osteosarcoma treated with a segmental distal femoral allograft prosthetic composite knee arthroplasty, which was complicated by infection with Aspergillus fumigatus. This complication was treated successfully with a staged reimplantation procedure, intravenous amphotericin, and oral fluconazole suppression. At 5 years after reimplantation, the patient has had no evidence of infection, no pain, and excellent range of motion without extensor lag. The Knee Society knee score improved from 50 to 100, and the function score improved from 40 to 100 (for both scores, 100 is the maximum).

This article reports the use of total knee arthroplasty with release of the lateral retinaculum, proximal extensor mechanism realignment, and patellar resurfacing as a valid treatment option for adult patients with congenital dislocation of the patella who have absence of the femoral sulcus and associated osteoarthritis. The patient presented in this case report had improvement of his Knee Society knee score and function score from preoperative levels of 8 and 45 to 77 and 80 postoperatively.