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The growing presence of everyday visual materials, such as social media images and videos, raises new questions around the ways in which identities are made visible in contemporary contexts. 'Visually informed' critical discursive psychology can be productively leveraged to analyze the diverse intersections of visuality and gender in daily life. To guide future inquiries in this domain, a brief overview of discourse analysis, discursive psychology, and (visually informed) critical discursive psychology is provided. Applying this methodology to the study of gender, an explicit conceptualization of visual gender displays is detailed alongside complementary analytic objectives suitable for future inquiries. Lastly, three categories of visual features are outlined that could be attended to during close examinations of visual data, using extracts from a previous study to illustrate key points. To that end, scholars can visually investigate 'micro' level gender displays as they relate to 'macro' systems of inequality- grounded in a critical discursive psychology framework. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With their increasing popularity, there is a need for more research clarifying the potential strengths and weaknesses of the comic format for education. The panelled comic format may be particularly effective for educating adults on the scientific aspects of processes (sequences of events, occurring over time, in a series of discrete steps). We tested change in performance in adults (n = 879) in correctly ordering the stages in four processes before and after being exposed to educational material about these processes. The material was presented in a random selection of one of seven experimentally manipulated formats based on characteristics of comic books. Overall, participant performance improved after seeing the educational material. There were significant differences in learning between the processes, suggesting that the benefits, or detriments, of the comic format may be subject-specific. Performance was significantly better when images were subdivided into panels, and worse when an explanatory agent (character) was included, though these differences in performance did not survive adjustment for multiple comparisons. This study presents some evidence that the panelled nature of the comic format supports learning about scientific processes in adults. Given results differed notably between the specific topics to be learned, there is substantial scope for further investigation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The number of runners and the incidence of running-related injuries (RRIs) are on the rise. Real-time biofeedback gait retraining offers a promising approach to RRIs prevention. However, due to the diversity in study designs and reported outcomes, there remains uncertainty regarding the efficacy of different forms of feedback on running gait biomechanics. Three databases: MEDLINE, PUBMED, and SPORTDiscus were searched to identify relevant studies published up to March 2024, yielding 4646 articles for review. The quality of the included studies was assessed using the Downs and Black Quality checklist. Primary outcomes, including Peak Tibial Acceleration (PTA), Vertical Average Loading Rate (VALR), and Vertical Instantaneous Loading Rate (VILR), were analysed through meta-analysis. 24 studies met the inclusion criteria and were analysed in this review.17 used visual biofeedback (VB) while 14 chose auditory biofeedback (AB). The meta-analysis revealed a reduction in loading variables both immediately following the intervention and after extended training, with both visual and auditory feedback. Notably, the decrease in loading variables was more pronounced post-training and VB proved to be more effective than AB. Real-time biofeedback interventions are effective in lowering loading variables associated with RRIs. The impact is more substantial with sustained training, and VB outperforms AB in terms of effectiveness. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Multi-exceptional children often have deficits in auditory, visual, or sensory processing. As few psychologists have training in modalities, these deficits may be misdiagnosed as AD/HD, Nonverbal Learning Disorder, Autism, Dyslexia, or a host of personality disorders. This article describes the symptoms of these processing deficits and offers suggestions for therapeutic interventions. Conundrums in diagnosing the complex profiles of multi-exceptional children are addressed. Qualitative assessment is recommended as an alternative or adjunct to traditional assessment. The Checklist for Recognizing Twice Exceptional Children is included to help parents, teachers, and graduate students gain awareness of the many manifestations of multi-exceptionality. The author's experience as a clinician specializing in multi-exceptional children serves as the basis for the article. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article introduces a thematic issue devoted to the translation of multimodal texts as well as some of the theoretical approaches used by researchers. It provides an overview of some of the most recent publications on the interaction between multimodality and translation as well as some of the challenges that both translators and researchers encounter when dealing with multimodal texts. Drawing on functional linguistics, Kress and van Leeuwen proposed a model of the analysis of 'visual grammar' that has been widely used in several disciplines, including Translation Studies. Some of the articles included in this thematic issue also draw on Kress and van Leeuwen's approach, while others explore the modes of the source texts (including films, opera, museum texts, comics, and video games) by considering linguistic, cultural, and technical aspects from various theoretical standpoints. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract \nPoints of Interest The aim of this paper is to explore everyday life experiences of migration and disability from an intersectional perspective drawing on issues such as gender, class, and ethnicity. This is relevant because when focus is on either migration or disability, unique challenges faced by disabled migrants are neglected, leading to fragmented support and a lack of accurate knowledge. The analysis is based on retrospective data from photovoice sessions conducted within the context of a community-based project, Disabled Refugees Welcome (DRW). A secondary analysis has involved eight of the members from the original photovoice sessions as well as academics. The results are presented in a narrative thematic analysis. The findings show how the combined effects of liminality, structural violence (lack of accessible and adapted housing, lack of access to knowledge about societal resources), and multiple discrimination risks can result in permanent exclusion.Exploring the implications in everyday life about issues related to migration, gender and disability is necessary to raise awareness of assumptions and stereotypes, which can improve health and living conditions for disabled migrants.Current guidelines and laws insufficiently provide guidance and support for disabled persons who are also migrants.Education, work, housing, and healthcare are critical parts for inclusion in northern. European societies, yet too often inaccessible for disabled migrants.Experiences of disability and migration can amplify feelings of loneliness, inadequacy and isolation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Healthcare providers often encounter clinical trial results in the form of visual data displays. Although there is a robust literature on patient responses to data displays in medical settings, less is known about how providers comprehend and apply this information. Our study provides a scoping review of the literature on providers' reactions to and perceptions of data displays. We searched article databases (PubMed, PsycINFO, Web of Science, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature, the Cochrane Library) supplemented by handsearching. Eligible articles were published in English from 1990 to 2020. We identified 15 articles meeting our criteria. Studies with physicians were more prevalent (13/15) than those with other healthcare providers (6/15). Commonly assessed outcomes included objective (10/15) and subjective comprehension (4/15), preference for certain data display formats (6/15), and hypothetical decision-making around prescribing (4/15). In studies that assessed comprehension of clinical trial concepts, scores were average or below what would be considered mastery of the information. Data display formats that were preferred did not always correlate with better comprehension of information; lesser preferred formats (e.g. icon array) often resulted in better comprehension. Our findings suggest that healthcare providers may not accurately interpret complex types of data displays, and it is unknown if such limitations affect actual decision-making. Interventions are needed to enhance comprehension of complex data displays within the context of prescription drug professional promotion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With millions of dogs housed in shelters each year, it is important to consider how the shelter environment impacts welfare. Social isolation and a lack of control over the environment can negatively impact wellbeing. However, providing social opportunities requires costly resources and can raise concerns about increased barking. In this study, 17 dogs were observed before, during, and after a visual barrier was partially removed to increase the ability to see to other dogs and the surrounding room. Stress behaviors, crate position, and resting behaviors did not differ significantly across phases; however, vocalizations were lower in the visual access and post phases (Friedman's test, p =.02). In addition, in-room barking data (N = 66) revealed no change in barking duration when barriers were removed. This absence of an increase in vocalizations should alleviate some concerns with allowing visual social contact. However, the lack of impact on stress and resting behaviors may indicate that visual social contact alone is insufficient for providing significant welfare benefits and that shelters should prioritize increasing social contact through playgroups or group housing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Obtaining informed consent can be challenging during peer research when the boundaries between researcher and participant are blurred. We developed a novel visual consent method with illiterate artists in Nepal who conducted peer interviews in their communities. Artists discussed and sketched images related to ethical principles to create a visual consent form. This improved comprehension about research ethics and developed the confidence of artists to conduct peer-interviews, but we found that artists memorised the form; they did not engage participants in looking at the pictures with them; and they did not use the pictures that they disagreed with. In future research, the visuals should be developed in consultation with participants and be used to explain the study to participants. The tool development process can be used to establish a joint understanding about the research, its harms, and benefits, and to develop relational and iterative consent processes in participatory action research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Bilirubin is a key biomarker in the diagnosis of jaundice. Herein, we proposed a simple and convenient quantitative method for the fluorescent detection of bilirubin. We developed a copper nanoclusters coated by zinc-based metal-organic frameworks (Cu NCs@MOF). The prepared Cu NCs@MOF exhibited bright blue fluorescence excited with ultra-violet light and well stability at various environments. More importantly, Cu NCs@MOF was used for bilirubin detection based on the emerging red fluorescence emission peak induced by bilirubin. Furthermore, Cu NCs@MOF were made into test strip for the visual detection of bilirubin by the fluorescence color variation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This collaborative piece focuses on insights, personal experiences, and conceptual considerations about race, identity, and Black lives in different marketplace and public space settings in Britain (Glasgow, Scotland and Cardiff, Wales). We draw on the power of photography to illuminate issues regarding the relationship between race, antiblackness, intersecting oppressions, activism, marketing, media, and the aesthetics of public spaces. The discussion explores questions concerning who and what is (un)seen and (re)presented in images of marketplace and public space contexts. Utilising critical reflexivity, we observe and (re)view the myriad ways that the practice of photography – the framing of the lens as well as the (re)production and distribution of photos – captures, capitulates, and counters hegemonic understandings of (y)ourselves and other Black and racialised people in spaces of 'consumption'. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article looks at the methodology used by dance-maker Mandeep Raikhy – for his works Queen Size and A Male Ant Has Straight Antennae - of using 'stimuli' in the choreographic process to incite and create appropriate movement principles. The usage of visual stimuli such as images, drawings, and observations, and textual or literary stimuli (fiction/non-fiction, words) can be said to hold the power to evoke 'authentic' movement from deep within, which can further be processed into choreography. The kinds of stimuli employed in Raikhy's process, along with how he processes them, throw an interesting light on the needs of queer dance and choreography, while also expanding on the unique role and power of dance in queer discourse. How do images used by Raikhy metamorphose into movement, and how is movement thus conceived faithful to queerness? In what ways does text act as a motivator in working with a form that defies text? How does bodily text replace it? Once movement is generated from these stimuli, what choices does Raikhy make to choreograph, and how and why is a performance of this choreography effective in delivering a sense of queerness to the spectator (as well as being a political act)? [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aimed to determine the role of resource conflict in dual-task (DT) effects on gait and concurrent tasks in children and adolescents. Gait was evaluated with and without concurrent tasks (visual-manual, visual-vocal and auditory-vocal). The roles of condition (single vs dual) and type of concurrent task in DT effect were tested by Repeated Measured of ANOVA. Relative changes from single to DT conditions were compared using One-Way ANOVA. There were significant reductions in gait speed, cadence, and stride length, and increases in double support time, step time and variability in step time, and no change in variability in stride length, step width, and concurrent task performance from single to DT conditions. DT effects on gait parameters and concurrent tasks were comparable across DT conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

How do Chinese queer artists respond to the hegemony of Han-centric, patriarchal, and heterosexual norms, and how do they imagine home through a queer and activist lens? This study explores the visual representation of the queer community by veteran artist/activist couple Shitou and Mingming through an analysis of the photographs and documentaries shot by the artists and their friends since the 1990s and the author's (auto) ethnographic interactions with them since 2004. The article articulates the construction of an affective feminist vision and its transformation into a lifestyle practice with ethics of care. It highlights three aspects of the affect of visuality: a) as an approach to autoethnographic visual work and research; b) as an illustration of a visually and epistemologically distinctive way of life for women as opposed to the reduction of women to political and social subjects within the power structure of the nation-state; and c) as a movement toward the organic organization of daily life that enables community-making without the commercialization or monetization of resources, labor and way of life, thereby rejecting the ideologies of the authoritarian state and the empire-driven logic of globalization in imagining and constructing a queer community. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Given the centrality of the visual to modern day life, this article introduces a visually informed approach to critical discursive psychology that facilitates the study of visual materials. We argue that the visual is a site where the social world is actively built and maintained, similar to what has been reasoned more generally about language use, and that critical discursive psychology can offer a rigorous approach to examining visual materials that can productively deepen our understanding of psychological concepts. As such, we integrate a consideration of visuality into critical discursive psychology theory, including a conceptualization of visual discourse and visual interpretative repertoires, provide tools for close readings of visual materials and guidance regarding how to employ these tools, and outline the process of identifying visual interpretative repertoires. We further connect these concepts to our previous experience carrying out this approach to inform future inquiries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Lignosulfonate /silver nanoparticles (L–AgNPs) were synthesized by a one-pot method. The structure of the prepared L–AgNPs was characterized by ultraviolet–visible spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The prepared L–AgNPs were spherical with a size of approximately 16–22 nm, whereas the structure of lignosulfonate did not change during the synthesis. The synthetic method is green, simple and fast. As a heavy metal, establishing a green and rapid detection method for mercury ion is very important. L–AgNPs exhibited high selectivity for mercury (II), a detection range of 0–68 µM, and a minimum detection limit of 7 nM. The detection method developed in this work was used for the determination of mercury (II) in actual water samples, and the results agreed well with those obtained by a colorimetric method. This study provides a new idea for the practice of green chemistry and a novel method for the detection of mercury (II). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Information modality refers to the use of different sensory channels to process information when making decisions: for example audible or visual information. This study examines the impact of information modality on investors making financial decisions. A Repertory Grid analysis is performed to derive features and functionality to create an Amazon Echo Show system for financial decision-making. This system is used to present a mixture of both audio and visual information to facilitate financial decision-making. The system is tested through the lens of the modality effect to determine the best method of presenting financial data to investors to inform their decision-making. Findings show the inferiority of audible information over visual information for retail investors' decision-making, especially for numerical data. However, with adjustments in information length and by prioritising non-numerical data, audible information could be of significant benefit when designing future systems to aid investor decision-making. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In 'From the Colonial to the Contemporary – Images, Iconography, Memories and Performance of Law in India's High Court', Rahela Khorakiwala, explores the role of visual culture of the High Courts of Bombay, Calcutta and Madras. These court spaces are sites from where law exercises its power. Khorakiwala's strength lies in presenting a rich ethnographic account of this visual culture which provides an illustration for the visuality of the courts but which simultaneously as this essay shows, unsettles the relationship between law and the ocular. The following essay argues that the ethnographic account becomes a pivotal entry into examining the affective aesthetic dimensions of law. These affective aesthetic dimensions are located not merely in the dispersal of visual-sensorial narrative of law which consolidates the coherency of law, but which also makes the movement of law possible by allowing specific affective encounters to take place. In allowing such affective aesthetic encounters, law compels specific movement of bodies as well as empower itself to move beyond its own fixed location embedded as it is in a specific geography. Khorakiwala's contribution to visual cultures of law, is precisely in mobilizing an ethnographic lens to understand and broaden the scope of studying the affective aesthetics of law. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To compare an analog visual scale in grading anterior chamber cells (ACC) to a modified Standardization of Uveitis Nomenclature (SUN) ACC scale. A graphical representation of anterior chamber cells as a reference and a test set was created and shown to two groups of experienced uveitis experts. Group 1 was given the analog scale in written format, while group two was given the reference images for comparison. Each test subject was asked to provide the best approximation for each grade. Eleven graders participated in phase 1. Correct grading occurred in 87.4% of cases. Discrepancies were seen at all grades. Only 3 of 11 graders were able to achieve a perfect score. Seven graders participated in phase 2. Agreement was 95.2% with 4/7 graders achieving a perfect score. Discrepancies were seen at higher grades only. ACC grading is improved by a visual grading scale, and interobserver variability is reduced. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Membership categorization analysis focuses on studying how people categorize each other in interaction. Even though the role of observation has been acknowledged within this methodological approach, it has mainly been used to analyze oral and written communication. This study focuses on examining how membership categorization analysis can be applied to person perception. It elucidates the procedure with two examples where students in a vocational upper secondary college in Finland perceived portrait paintings and reflected in writing what kind of teachers the people depicted in them would be. Drawing on the theorization of person perception and membership categorization analysis, the study suggests a model for applying membership categorization analysis in person perception and discusses its relevance to social interaction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Contemporary protests draw on a rich variety of performances to communicate their messages, attract attention to societal problems and display potential solutions. In addition to verbal and textual expressions, protesters employ various forms of nonverbal expression, such as images, sounds, silence as part of their public performances. This article offers a way of making sense of nonverbal protest performances, relying on insights from contemporary democratic theory. It proposes a 'democratic lens', which supplements the 'performative lens' often used to comprehend performative protests and their effects on diverse audiences. The democratic lens enables us to distinguish between deliberative, agonistic, and antagonistic modes of democratic engagement and examine the ways they are enacted in performative protests. The article illustrates the utility of the democratic lens by focusing on the nonverbal performances of Black Lives Matter in the USA, pot and pan protest in Brazil, and the Knitting Nannas in Australia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of the presented study is to evaluate the influence of the quality of visuals in printed geography textbooks on the character of children's conceptions using the example of the geographical location concept. Visuals are a graphical representation of a certain phenomenon. A two-tier diagnostic test without and with three types of high and low quality physical-geographical visuals was used to achieve this objective. The research study among elementary school students (n = 434) has shown that students are mostly unable to work effectively with visuals due to their inappropriate properties such as headline quality or factual errors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper positions questions of conviviality as situational as well as relational, and describes and reflects on methods which give due precedence to different spatial scales, materialities and timeframes. In this urban design research project our central question focused on the affordances and value of different local outdoor public spaces for supporting conviviality in an ethnically diverse neighbourhood in Sheffield UK. This neighbourhood had become known for tensions, played out in outdoor public spaces, resulting in part from social dynamics between more recent arrivals and relatively settled communities. We built trust by embedding responsiveness and shared benefit as key ethical commitments in our practice alongside learning about spatial and temporal dimensions of encounter across difference. Building on our urban design professional skills relating to place enquiry and understanding, we tested walking, photography, drawing, making and mapping methods including collaborating with local groups. These allowed us to develop theoretical understandings of conviviality as a pluralistic construct, fundamentally informed, shaped and responsive to the complexities of context – including socio-economic place-based histories, physical environments and ongoing social negotiations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Visual perception and saccadic eye-movements are more precise when directed at isoeccentric locations along the horizontal compared to vertical meridian. This effect is known as horizontal-vertical anisotropy (HVA). Given that the eye-movement system plays an important role in spatial short-term memory (STM) it was hypothesized that spatial STM would also show a horizontal-vertical anisotropy. Consistent with this hypothesis an online experiment revealed a significant HVA in spatial STM (Experiment 1). This effect persisted even when eye-movements were precluded by using very short display durations (Experiment 2). However, there was no HVA in a colour span or orientation change detection task. It is argued that the HVA in spatial STM may result from greater imprecision in the representation of spatial locations along the vertical meridian relative to the horizontal meridian in the spatial maps underpinning spatial STM, a bilateral field advantage, or some combination of these mechanisms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Recent studies have found mixed evidence about the role of psychological distance of climate change in people's engagement with the issue. To gain more clarity in the application of construal level theory of psychological distance in climate change communication, we used two online experiments to investigate how abstract and concrete construals of climate change imagery may differentially influence people's perceived psychological distances to the issue. Specifically, we clarified the conceptual differences between two subdimensions (i.e. egocentric and nonegocentric) of psychological distance and showed how the two types differ in climate change communication. Findings also showed that concrete construals of climate change images made participants estimate less egocentric geographical, temporal, and social distances to climate change, which led to greater mitigation behavioral intentions. But this construal-level effect did not exist when participants estimated the nonegocentric distances – the perceived distances between climate change and others (i.e. other locations, other people). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Surfactant assisted spontaneous imbibition is a feasible method for enhanced oil recovery in the reservoirs. A series of pore-scale visual spontaneous imbibition experiments of surfactant solution in oil-wet capillary tubes with six different diameters (10 μm~60 μm) are thoroughly investigated. The results showed that the final imbibition recovery exhibited a rise and fall tendency in sequence with the increase of capillary tube diameter. The combination of the Marangoni effect and diffusion effect was the dominant power to render the oil be expelled, and the wettability alteration was principally conducive to the migration of expulsion oil. Additionally, emulsification entrainment was beneficial to imbibition recovery. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Textual vignettes are a widely popular research tool, but they assume literacy and reading comprehension skills that limit their utility for both research with disadvantaged populations and cross-national research. We describe a new visual vignette approach, based on approaches used in studying populations with lower verbal ability, that avoids the issues raised by live actors while also reducing reliance on written language typical to textual vignettes. We examine the effectiveness of our new visual vignette using a survey experiment in which respondents were exposed to either a visual vignette, or a textual vignette, depicting the same interaction. We found that our visual vignette produced similar results when compared to traditional textual vignettes, confirming their utility. Additionally, we report on a pilot data collection using a cross-national sample, in which English literacy cannot be assumed. Our results indicate that our new method should improve research options both with low literacy populations and foreign language speakers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Due to the existence of high-temperature and high-pressure zinc vapor in the gas metal arc welding (GMAW) process of galvanized steel, it is difficult to achieve accurate and real-time detection of weld defects, which brings great challenges to robotic welding manufacturing. In order to realize the automatic classification and prediction of weld defects, a method of galvanized steel weld defects detection based on active visual sensing and machine learning was proposed. First, Gabor filter was used to remove arc light, noise, and other interference signals to obtain the weld centerline image. Then, according to the five different weld defects of the geometric and spatial distribution characteristics in weld centerline image were analyzed with the principle of sub-pixel level. Finally, using the eight feature parameters extracted from the weld feature points, a variable learning rate and momentum factor back propagation (VL-MFBP) neural network model was designed. The model introduced a variable learning rate and momentum factor to quickly find the optimal solution in a short time, its performance was better than traditional machine learning algorithms. The experimental results show that the accuracy of weld defect recognition is 98.15%, and the average processing time of a single image is only 183.74 ms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article considers the implications of incorporating participatory video in International Relations (IR) research. Drawing on existing aesthetic and visual IR research, I critically reflect on a case study incorporating participatory video in research investigating young women's leadership in Asia and the Pacific. Through participatory video, young women redressed their common invisibility and challenged portrayals situating them as unable to lead and make decisions. In this way, participatory video disrupted and unsettled power relations often resulting in young people's marginalisation from policymaking. Given its ability to make space for productive reflections on, and challenges to, existing power dynamics amongst and between researchers, research participants, and the state, participatory video can productively push the boundaries of IR research. Limitations and challenges of using participatory video are also evident and require reflection. Overall, I suggest that participatory video can generate new critiques and knowledge to productively shape current and future IR research, including through offering unique insights that could be missed by other methods in IR, including other filmmaking approaches. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A personal guiding theory of counseling involves the alignment of personal values and beliefs with a theoretical approach(es). Counselors use their personal guiding theory as a foundation to navigate the counseling process. A lack of literature exists that explores pedagogy specific to how a personal guiding theory is developed. This article describes an innovative pedagogical method – utilizing visual representation – to assist students in understanding and articulation of their initial personal guiding theory. Additionally, several examples of student visuals and descriptions of their developmental processes are shared. Finally, implications and considerations for counselor educators are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Visuality is a central aspect of everyday security governance. In the recent visual turn in International Relations, however, the more mundane and routine visualities of security have been widely neglected. To address this gap, this article proposes a framework for analyzing the messages of security and risk conveyed by different modes of visual representations, ranging from press photos and educational images to outwardly appearances. Taking the United Nations Organization Stabilization Mission in the Democratic Republic of the Congo (MONUSCO) as an example, it shows that everyday visual representations reflect and contribute to security risk management in four ways: (1) They assist in the construction of self and other identities with regard to security, (2) they help to identify potential vulnerabilities, (3) they are used to educate people how to detect, assess, and behave in risky situations, and (4) they are employed to deter violent attacks. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Food cultures are shaped by the ubiquity of digital photography. Embedded in social media sites, such as Instagram, images of food are used in photographic exchanges to perform identity and interact with community. In a context of proliferating food media, an ethics of "clean eating" – a dietary practice adhering to consuming "healthy" foods deemed to be "pure" – is presented as a form of moral food consumption that embraces particular foods while eschewing others. In this article we explore the symbolic dimensions of top post clean eating food images associated with the hashtags #eatclean and #cleaneating and consider how they mobilize photographic practices to present and encourage this lifestyle. Drawing on Mary Douglas and Erving Goffman as our theoretical foundation, we argue that the photographic capturing of food plays a symbolic role in extolling purity through the presentation of idealized images of "clean" foods that are contrasted with foods perceived as defiled. Clean eating posts draw on forms of idealization that aims to garner esteem and attention, while also generating a sense of community through food media. These practices are also configured around an ethics of food that encourage responsible consumption for the individual as a healthy subject. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This quantitative visual content analysis investigated the use of acculturation, pluralism, empowerment, and resistance-themed messages and images in nonprofit strategic communication and digital intercultural communication. The study analyzed data from 135 U.S.-based Latino nonprofit websites. Based on study findings, the authors argue that these nonprofits may be missing opportunities to strengthen relationships and cultural ties with target publics. This analysis applies acculturation theory to visual communication and extends the literature on digital intercultural public relations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article examines the cultural and philosophical intersection between visual and tactile knowledge and the emergent aesthetics of modernism. In the September 1913 edition of The Museums Journal, J. A. Charlton Deas published a paper entitled "The Showing of Museums and Art Galleries to the Blind." The text, exceptional in its historical context, complicated prevailing assumptions about acts of "visual" art and blindness. Deas details a series of experiments undertaken at Sunderland Museum and Art Gallery from 1906 to 1913 that consisted of making accessible exhibits, specimens and paintings for blind children to touch. Unprecedented at the time, these experiments recast the persistent Western belief that the eye has privileged access to knowledge, instead asserting that knowledge is embedded within material corporeality. The physical, creative and intellectual inclusion of blind people into the formerly inaccessible space of the museum was unique in its reach and offers a refreshing new perspective of what those (authoritatively visual) spaces could be. Sunderland, a region which tends to be discursively separated from the ambitions and experiments of modernism, was at the center of modernist discussions about knowledge, sight and touch; and, disrupts modernism's silence with respect to acknowledging unprecedented regional developments such as those detailed in "Showing." [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, we examine the use of creative methods for understanding the experience of young adults aged between 16 and 30 years over a year following a cancer diagnosis. Exploring the renegotiation of identity, the narrative, longitudinal research design of the study demonstrated the unfolding process of the narrative work between participants and researcher. We used a combination of visual, spoken and reflexive psychosocial approaches to understand emergent narratives, many of which do not always find symbolisation in language. Our methodological approach focused on the difficult and sometimes 'unspeakable' nature of the young adults' narratives, demonstrating the importance of different modes of communication in articulating complicated relations with uncertain futures. In this respect the links between narrative, social action and the imagining of possible futures are precarious. In this paper, we explore how untellable issues were explored, and the challenges of doing so. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In today's political and rhetorical landscape, many politicians use Twitter as their communication platform of choice. President Donald Trump is one of the best-known Twitter users. The media often analyze Trump's tweets, and several artists have attempted to interpret them through visualizations. One of the leading visual artists to do so is Erin Gallagher. During the presidency of George W. Bush, visualization was also used to interpret political messages, specifically in work by Mark Lombardi. As controversy surrounding social media's truthfulness has escalated, it seems useful to consider how visual uncertainty has been treated in work by Lombardi and Gallagher. This study asks the following questions: What do these the two leading approaches to visual uncertainty contribute to an examination of works by Erin Gallagher and Mark Lombardi? What does a theoretical analysis reveal about common design features in the work of these artists? The comparison undertaken here shows that, regarding visual precision and credibility, it is difficult to evaluate Gallagher's work. Future studies should examine whether visual grammar theory can add more insight into these artists' visual arguments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Human reasoning can be characterized by a continuum anchored by two extremes: fast, automatic, and emotional processing on the one side; versus slow, controlled and rational processing on the other. Despite theoretical linkages, no studies have empirically connected these types of information processing with the mechanisms of multimodal (visual and textual) media effects. We employ tools from dual processing theories in a framing effects paradigm to test whether the effects of news visuals and text take place via relatively more automatic and controlled information processing, respectively. To do so, we combine experimental manipulations and individual differences data collected across two experiments using different political issues. Results from experimental manipulations provide converging evidence for the distinct processing of visuals and text. Individual differences data paint a more nuanced picture, suggesting that the processing of multimodal news frames does not always conform to a simple automatic-controlled dichotomy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, we argue for a view of analysis as an embodied practice and review others' testimonies of carrying out multimodal ethnography. This review suggests that metaphors are key for communicating what happens to us in the course of the research and our subsequent sense-making practices. We identify four metaphors for communicating data collection and analytic practices: composing, meandering, plundering and time travel. We then turn to our own multimodal fieldwork with children in middle childhood, to think about the experiences and emergent metaphors that shaped our practice on an international study looking at the relationship between childhood and public life. Children's play was instructive in our own formation as multimodal ethnographers. We provide examples of the ways in which children recruited us into their play, the ways in which play taught us about what matters to children, and finally, how we took play into our own analytical practices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Using the Gezi Park protests as a case study this article considers the performative component of protest movements including how and why protestors actively produce protest activity 'on the ground' and how this is expressed through visual images. It looks beyond iconic images which appear as emblematic of the protest and instead shifts our focus to consider the more 'everyday' or mundane activities which occur during a protest occupation, and explores how social media allows these images to have expressive and communicative dimensions. In this respect, protests can be performed through humdrum activities and this signifies a political voice which is communicated visually. The research is based on visual analysis of Twitter data and reveals methodological innovation in understanding how protestors communicate. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

I apply my proposed modification of Soar/Spatial/Visual System and Kosslyn's (1983) computational operations on images to problems within a 2 × 2 taxonomy that classifies research according to whether the coding involves static or dynamic relations within an object or between objects (Newcombe & Shipley, 2015). I then repeat this analysis for problems that are included in mathematics and science curricula. Because many of these problems involve reasoning from diagrams Hegarty's (2011) framework for reasoning from visual-spatial displays provides additional support for organizing this topic. Two more relevant frameworks specify reasoning at different levels of abstraction (Reed, 2016) and with different combinations of actions and objects (Reed, 2018). The article concludes with suggestions for future directions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The oft-mentioned turn in French poetry in the 1990s coincided with the rediscovery of the practical use of discourse and its transferability across media, a trait that Jean-Marie Gleize described as littéralité. Gleize cites Nathalie Quintane as one of the emerging poets of the 1990s who epitomizes this trend insofar as she effects a severe reduction of the figural and develops a form of writing that is so direct, so devoid of depth, that the reader finds it disconcerting in its simplicity. Quintane dwells on details whose presence is so remarkably unremarkable that it overturns, by its opacity, the process of image production and myth building that has become one of the constants of postindustrial society. Quintane's prose, which she subjects to a process of "dumbing down" (nunuchérie), is analyzed from the standpoint of what we call discursive reframing, that is, the alteration of the relation between a statement and its framing discourses. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Compassion International is a prominent Christian humanitarian organization. Working primarily via a digital platform, Compassion International aims to connect financially stable sponsors with impoverished global children. This essay deals with Compassion International’s online sponsorship platform as an illustrative case study of a neoliberal media ecology and the digital, humanitarian, visual, and Christian rhetorics therein. Compassion International’s sponsorship platform presents a triad of appeals that (re)imagine would-be sponsors as digital missionaries fulfilling God’s commission, as stand-in family members, and, ultimately, as consumers. Compassion International’s sponsorship model is digitally rendered via a marketplace platform in which children are placed into virtual shopping carts. Both children and Christian users are, this essay concludes, coopted by a digital rhetoric of capital. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This collaborative essay applies experimental walking and writing methods to address the experience of modernity in contemporary Berlin. Engaging critically with Marshall Berman's All That Is Solid Melts Into Air and using Franz Hessel's Walking in Berlin as our guide, we explore the city's scenes and sounds. Our reflections—some captured through photography, some expressed in prose—give way to essential questions: How does walking help us interrogate the experience of modernity? Can it help us understand what it means for Berlin (or any other city) to be "a city coming into being"? How do we make it come into being? Even when walking the same route, each person is bound to experience the city differently, and so we find it makes little sense to try to impose a single reading of contemporary Berlin. We invite the reader to walk through the city with us, but we do not insist on holding hands. Our text quite literally reflects various points of view on the city and should be considered a series of occurrences, reflections, and impressions that work both in contrast and concert. Walking a city produces countless readings, and our text aims to reflect that multiplicity: the reader may read it straight through, randomly, or hopscotch-style. If parts of the essay appear to be "melting into air," this elusiveness reflects the experience of modernity which Berman wrote about and which we tried to also capture here. We hope that the format—collaborative, experimental, engaged, and open—will yield new reflections on urban modernities and open up new perspectives on urban theory and methods. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article originated from personal reflection on the nature of projects and the use of project-based learning in media practice education. Accepting that problems are the motor for projects, it asks questions about how students conceptualize problems and seeks to understand the strategies they employ to manage problem encounters. Problem solving is integral to media practice, is a key employability skill, and has a direct relationship with creativity in its myriad forms. The difficulty for educators is that student problem-solving is largely hidden from view. Students are not necessarily observed throughout all of their project work, while tutorials are only partial encounters with their work processes. With this in mind, the author set out to design a research methodology which would uncover the hidden process of problem solving; one that would 'make the invisible, visible' and explore students' problem-solving strategies at a conceptual level. Adopting a visual research methodology (VRM), the researcher experimented with mapmaking as a means of representing problems students had encountered through the employment of cartographic metaphors. The article takes the opportunity to present interim findings that have emerged from the adoption of this cartographic VRM and aims to evaluate the effectiveness of the research design. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article reflects on the value of engaging with visual methods in a fieldwork situation. It portrays various forms of visual methods used in a recent research in Botswana and discusses - by using a concrete example - how video-accounts produced by participants and subsequent video-dialogues came to complement insights gained from observation and interviews in fortunate ways. A theoretical value was that the video-recordings - as they represented a ‘thicker’ description of ‘practice in practice’ than interview audio recordings or notes from observational situations - helped to build insights into the non-linguistic, embodied and socio-material aspects of practices. A methodological value was that the use of video-recordings assisted in bringing out participants perspective and thereby helped to produce more relevant data. When participants communicate by recording practices in private spheres this gives an inlet into situations of significance in the everyday that usually are inaccessible for observation and ungraspable through interviews. The video-recordings also had analytical value as they could be used to facilitate a common point of reference for dialogical and collaborative interpretation between the participant and researcher on concrete events. When participants decide what to discuss with the researcher and they together reflect on and put into words what is the meaning of concrete events, this improves the validity of interpretation and fosters a more symmetrical understanding between researcher and participants - hence also of donors and recipients - about what is significant and at stake. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Individuals with severe speech and physical impairments may have concomitant visual acuity impairments (VAI) or ocular motility impairments (OMI) impacting visual BCI use. We report on use of the Shuffle Speller typing interface for SSVEP BCI copy-spelling with simulated VAI, simulated OMI, and unimpaired vision. To mitigate the effects of visual impairments, we introduce a method that adaptively selects user-specific trial lengths to maximize expected information transfer rate (ITR), which is shown to closely approximate correct letter selection rate. All participants could type under the unimpaired and simulated VAI conditions, without significant differences in typing accuracy or speed. Most participants (31 of 37) could not type under the simulated OMI condition; some achieved high accuracy with slower typing speeds. Reported workload and discomfort were low, and satisfaction high, under the unimpaired and simulated VAI conditions. Implications and future directions for exploration of visual impairment in BCI use are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The phonological theory of dyslexia makes it difficult to distinguish developmental dyslexia from social causes of reading failure, because, whatever their cause, all poor readers seem to have similar phonological problems. In order to understand why children with dyslexia fail, we need to understand the physiological mechanisms that underlie their failure to acquire phonological skills. An important cause is probably impaired development of the brain’s rapid temporal processing systems; these are required for sequencing accurately the order of the sounds and letters in a word. Such temporal, “transient”, processing is probably carried out in all parts of the brain primarily by a distinct set of “magnocellular” neurones, and the development of these has been found to be impaired in many people with dyslexia. Therefore measuring poor readers’ auditory and temporal processing skills should enable dyslexia to be reliably distinguished from other causes of phonological deficits. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

Unihemispheric sleep is an aspect of the cerebral lateralization of certain species of birds. During sleep, domestic chicks (Gallus gallus) show brief periods of monocular-unihemispheric sleep (Mo-Un sleep): one eye is open and the connected hemisphere is awaken while the other eye remains shut and the connected hemisphere sleeps. The time spent in Mo-Un sleep was investigated following a brief monocular deprivation (MD) in chicks hatched from eggs incubated in darkness and reared in light (D-L), incubated in light and reared in light (L-L) and incubated in darkness and reared in darkness (DD). The right eye occluded for 12 h in half of chicks and the left eye in the other half. At the end of MD, the Mo-Un sleep was recorded. The effect of MD (total time and time bias) prevailed in determining the pattern of Mo-Un sleep. Chicks showed more time sleeping with the eye/hemisphere that was in control of visual behaviour during MD and opened more time the eye and awake the hemisphere visually deprived. The Mo-Un pattern was not influenced by incubation, rearing, symmetry/asymmetry of visual pathways and imprinting thereby indicating that Mo-Un sleep pattern depends only on the kind of visual experience during wakefulness. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This essay explores the material, phenomenological and political meaning of the Syrian corpse and the question of its dignity as represented in a series of media and visual outputs from 2011 to the present. The essay begins by arguing that the violence in Syria now targets the dead as much as the living. As such, the essay highlights the forms of ‘necroviolence’ that the Syrian corpse has been subjected to: mistreatment, erasure of markers of identity, denial of burial, mutilation and ultimately an attempt to erase it from memory. The essay concludes by arguing that the Syrian corpse is not merely the passive subject or victim of ‘necroviolence’ but can also become the paradoxical agent of what we might call ‘postmortem resistance’. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This essay draws on personal correspondence with the Christine Brooke-Rose during the latter stages of her career and discusses her ambivalent status as theoretically ‘dead’ but still living both inside and outside the academy. In particular, the essay engages with Brooke-Rose's Thru, ambiguity, interpretation, the novel's relationship to contemporary theory and the exceptional nature of this author's critical and creative legacies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]