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Many tourism travel decisions are interrelated. From modelling viewpoint incorporating these interrelations is important for understanding the consequences of exogenous shocks, as well as the intended and unintended consequences of policy. This paper addresses two tourist choices in the temporal dimension that were previously only handled as if they were mutually exclusive. The paper adopts a discrete-continuous model framework to simulate tourists' behaviours in selecting travel seasons (choice model) and associated trip duration (accelerated failure time model) and estimates the correlation between these two tourism decisions conditional on the covariates. The empirical analysis is based on Australian domestic tourism data and reveal the factors influencing both decisions as well as those that influence only one or the other. The model results, which is tested with data from select years between 1999-2018, including years of significant exogenous shocks, show mixed evidence of stability and changes in the parameters. Building on this evidence, the paper concludes with underlying temporal choice behaviours of tourists that may be of relevance during- and post-COVID19 environment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Observed large-scale changes in climate and oceanography, which are especially pronounced in the Arctic, represent profound challenges for upper trophic predators. Knowledge about the extent to which marine predators are able to adjust to environmental variability is essential in order to assess the impact of changing oceanic conditions on the Arctic ecosystem. The main goal of this study was to investigate the impact of oceanographic conditions that varied on an inter-annual and inter-colony basis on the foraging and breeding strategy of a zooplanktivorous alcid, the little aukAlle alle. The study was conducted in two little auk breeding colonies in Spitsbergen (Hornsund and Magdalenefjord) located in different hydrographical regimes in two contrasting seasons (2009 and 2010). This article provides a comprehensive study linking a number of variables describing foraging ground quality, measured directly at sea, with the birds' foraging strategy, parental efforts, body condition and survival of nestlings. The analyses revealed that under conditions of high water temperature and a low proportion of the preferred food item,Calanus glacialis, in relation to less energetically profitableCalanus finmarchicusin the little auks' foraging grounds, birds increased the overall duration of their foraging trips and decreased the frequency of chick feeding. The resulting lower calorific value of food delivered daily to the chicks entailed reduced chick survival. We might expect that further ocean warming would impair the time and energy budget of parent birds and, in consequence, the breeding success of the little auks. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

This paper conducts a statistical analysis of student travel behavior at Virginia Commonwealth University (VCU). The data source is the ‘University NHTS’ project launched by the Virginia Department of Transportation (VDOT) in 2009. Through this empirical study, it has been found that university student travel behavior is different from that of the general population; urban universities have lower percentages of nonmotorized trips than college-town universities; undergraduate students are likely to make more daily trips than graduate students – similarly, on-campus students make more frequent trips than off-campus students; the most frequent student activities are home and academic activities; and student group categories have virtually no impact on daily activity profiles, though activity types do have a dramatic impact on daily activity profiles. Based on these research findings, the paper makes a series of recommendations regarding trip generation, trip distribution, mode choice, and activity-based modeling. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]