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Adult Epicriidae are characterized by stigmata placed on lateral protuberances and the lack of an obvious peritreme. Mites of the genusEpicriusadditionally show a pair of further prominent protuberances, which bear glandular pores. Both structures, glandular and stigmata protuberances, are occasionally called “pustules”, and both are investigated here for the first time using scanning and transmission electron microscopy. It is suggested to restrict the term “pustule” only to the glands-bearing structures. Three glands of similar morphology are present in each pustule ofEpicrius mollis.A single gland consists of a proximal vesicle formed by a secretory cell, a duct with corresponding duct cell and a calyx with calyx cell. The calyx likely functions as a valve connecting to the evacuation canal, which starts with flat lateral extensions forming an infundibulum. The secretion produced in the gland is delivered through a simple glandular pore, or solenostome, and contributes to the cerotegument. The calyx in particular has a very distinctive structure consisting of an inner and outer calyx. The stigma-bearing protuberance includes a depression, the stigmatic atrium representing a reduced peritreme and provided with many micropapillae. The stigma is located at its bottom and leads into a tracheal atrium, from which the main tracheae provided with typical taenidia start. Two glands of a similar structure to those described for the pustules open into the stigmatic atrium. Dermal glands exhibiting the peculiar calices are found also in other anactinotrichid mites, but never in actinotrichids. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

Purpose: To report a retinal vasoproliferative granulomatous lesion in association with pyoderma. Design: Single case report. Methods: A 32-year-old woman had blurred central vision in the right eye, concurrent with pyoderma of the fingers of both hands, 2 days later followed by fever. Results: The patient had a granulomatous lesion in the upper retina, which caused leakage, leading to subretinal and intraretinal accumulation of hard exudates in the posterior pole, together with periphlebitis extending over the wider area of the retina. The culture of the pyodermic lesion detected Streptococcus pyogenes. With the 2-month course of amoxicillin-clavulanate, combined with prednisolone tapered from 30 mg daily, the visual acuity (decimal fraction) in the right eye returned from 0.01 (logMAR = 2) to 0.9 (logMAR = 0.1). However, after the discontinuation of the antibiotics and prednisolone, the retinal lesion became more vasoproliferative and caused leakage to reduce the vision again. The leakage was remedied by laser photocoagulation to the retinal lesion. Conclusions: The retinal granulomatous lesion was caused by streptococcal infection in pyoderma and later became more vasoproliferative with macroaneurysms and microaneurysms even after the initial subsidence of the lesion with antibiotics treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Accumulation of neutrophils within the epidermis and formation of pustules represents a unique, however, ill-understood phenomenon in human skin. In this overview, we compare localized versus systemic pustular disorders. Localized pustules are mostly infectious and appear to be generated by the interaction of skin cells with Th17 cells and macrophages. IL-1β, IL-17βand TNF-α in concert stimulate IL-8 secretion by keratinocytes. This cutaneous defense circuit creates the ensuing pustular pathology. In systemic pustular disease, dendritic cells (DCs) are activated by TLR-mediated signaling. IL-23 secreted by myeloid DCs feeds the cutaneous defense circuit, which results in neutrophilic inflammation and pustules, as seen in infectious pustules. The distinction between local and systemic inflammation, leading to neutrophil migration into the epidermis appears to be helpful in improving understanding of these common disorders of the skin. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Generalized pustular psoriasis (GPP) is a rare type of psoriasis and is considered the most severe variant. Infantile pustular psoriasis (IPP) is a very rare form of GPP. Severe IPP may be difficult to control and is complicated by bacterial superinfection, dehydration, and sepsis. Herein, a 2.5-month-old infant with IPP is presented, who was successfully treated with systemic retinoid therapy, which appears to be a safe and effective option for this challenging pustular eruption of childhood. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]