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There are on-going investigations on the utilization of pineapple leaf fibre (PALF) as a cheap, safe, and eco-friendly natural fibre. The present work aimed to improve PALF preparation using ultrasonication, investigate the adsorption kinetic and thermodynamic aspects of PALF dyed with berberine dye, and to assess their associated molecular interactions. It was found that concomitant PALF exposure to NaOH solution (5% w/v) plus ultrasonication for 20 min successfully removed non-cellulosic substances from the fibre surface in a very much shorter time compared with the traditional non-ultrasound assisted method (24 h). An adsorption isotherm study of dyeing, the treated fibre with the natural yellow dye berberine revealed a strong adsorption dependence on the pH of the berberine solution with optimal uptake occurring at pH 9–10. A deeper assessment of the mode of dye binding was undertaken by DFT − based calculations on a model cellulose unit and berberine. It revealed that the interaction between berberine and cellulose (PALF) at pH 9.00 was likely to be substantially stronger than at lower pH. From the adsorption kinetic results, a higher affinity and more dye uptake were observed before equilibrium was reached. The adsorption isotherm data could be represented by the Langmuir isotherm (R2 > 0.99). The enthalpy change (ΔH°) and entropy change (ΔS°) values of dyeing were found to be −17.0 kJ mol−1 and −19.4 J mol−1 K−1 respectively, which pointed to the dye adsorption being an exothermic process. The negative standard affinity (Δµo) values at the different temperatures of 30, 60, and 80 °C were −11.2, −10.6, and −10.2 kJ mol−1, respectively. It affirmed the dye adsorption process as a spontaneous one. Higher temperatures resulted in a lower affinity and reduced dye uptake compatible with the process being exothermic. Berberine is a potentially useful natural dye for PALF without the need for additives. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The effect of TiO2 nanoparticles on the dyeing of wool fabric with pomegranate rind was investigated. The TiO2 nanoparticles were prepared by the solgel method. Various concentrations of the nanoparticles were added during the dyeing of wool with pomegranate. The dyed fabrics were analyzed for physico-mechanical properties, color values, and Ultraviolet Protection Factor (UPF). The presence of nanoparticles on the fiber surface was confirmed by SEM, EDX, and FTIR analysis. The phytochemical analysis of aqueous pomegranate rind showed the presence of saponins, phenols, tannins, glycoside, flavonoids, and terpenoids. The particle size analysis results inferred that the solgel synthesis produced TiO2 nanoparticles of around 200 nm size. After dyeing, the color intensity and UPF of the dyed fabric increased along with the concentration of TiO2 nanoparticles. The dyeing process did not cause any significant reduction in the strength properties of the wool fabric. The rubbing and washing fastness properties of the dyed fabric were found to be good. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper presents analyses of flavonoid dyestuffs i.e., marigold (Tagetes patula L.), dyer's broom (Genista tinctoria) and weld (Reseda luteola L.) Color analysis and potential health-promoting properties of linen fabrics dyed with extracts from the above-mentioned plants were also carried out. The study, based on many years of experience, led to carrying out dyeing with extracts of selected plants on an industrial scale and to creating a collection of naturally dyed linen apparels for adults and children. Dyeing was performed only with plant extracts. The experiments included fabric pre-treatment processes with the use of 5 mordants: alum, soda, citric acid, copper sulfate and iron sulfate. The paper discusses optimization of the dyeing process by testing the dyed fabrics spectrophotometrically and determining the colorimetric properties (L *, a *, b *) and the colors according to the Pantone (Color) Matching System (PMS). Laboratory research was implemented into industrial production line and a pilot collection of fabrics was made. These fabrics were used to make 2 collections of clothing with health-promoting properties for children and adults. Linen fabrics, with interesting, subtle colors, with antimicrobial activity showed positive effects on the skin, which was more moisturized and very well protected against UV radiation.,, [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Keywords: Natural dyeing; organic cotton; HPLC-DAD; fastness; yarrow; coloring compound; ; ; ; ; EN Natural dyeing organic cotton HPLC-DAD fastness yarrow coloring compound ZH 7374 7381 8 11/21/22 20221220 NES 221220 Introduction Natural dye sources have been used for coloring since prehistoric times. Keampferol-O-glucoside, axillarin, luteolin-7- glucoside, patulitrin, gallic acid and its derivatives of gallic acid, ellagic acid and its derivatives have been determined in the dyed fabrics. Gallic acid, gallic acid derivatives ellagic acid, and ellagic acid derivatives can help for binding to cotton fibers of flavones flavonoids and anthraquinones strongly. [Extracted from the article]

To investigate the UV-protection property of sumac bark dye, the UPF values of the wool fabrics with and without dyeing and the dyed wool fabrics with mordants were compared. Effect of dye bath pH Figure 5 shows the effect of the pH value on the K/S values of wool fabrics dyed with sumac bark extract. In summary, wool fabrics can be successfully dyed with a sumac bark extract dye solution with or without metal mordanting and can be used in the development of UV protective fabrics. Keywords: Sumac bark; tannins; natural dyeing; wool; mordanting; uv protective properties EN Sumac bark tannins natural dyeing wool mordanting uv protective properties 7265 7274 10 11/17/22 20221215 NES 221215 Introduction Since some synthetic dyes are associated with environmental pollution and are harmful to people's health, more attention is being paid to environmental protection, sustainable development, and natural lifestyle. [Extracted from the article]

The effect of nano SiO2silica and nano TiO2 on the dyeing of cotton fabric with madder dye was studied. The metal nanoparticles were prepared by sol-gel method from respective precursors. Various concentrations of the nanoparticles were added during the dyeing of cotton with madder. The effect of nanoparticles on the color values, fastness, and ultraviolet protection properties was studied. The characterization of the nanoparticles and the dyed fabric was studied using various analytical techniques. The dye was characterized by FTIR and phytochemical analysis. The post dyeing results inferred that there is a considerable improvement in the dye uptake and fastness properties of the dyed fabric after introducing metal nanoparticles. The SEM and EDX analysis confirmed the presence of SiO2 and TiO2nanoparticles on the fabric surface. The physico-mechanical properties of the fabric were found intact after dyeing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

There is a growing literature investigating to use natural materials for dyeing textiles on account of their low toxicity, eco-friendliness, sustainability, and better biodegradability. In this way, this article presents the results of a study into the applications of tamarind hull and marzangoosh in a fully eco-friendly manner to dye cotton yarns. The effect of the main dyeing conditions (dye concentration, bath pH, time, and temperature) on the color efficiency (K/S) was investigated with a reflectance spectrophotometer. Results indicate that at optimized conditions, pre-mordanting yarns with tamarind hull as an eco-friendly mordant lead to the formation of an insoluble complex on cotton yarns followed by increased dye adsorption, which enhances the light and wash fastness properties. The SEM photographs showed that pre-mordanting cotton yarns with tamarind hull increase the surface porosity. Finally, based on our observations, it may be claimed that cotton yarns subjected to both pre-mordanting and dyeing exhibited a good antibacterial activity and the procedure proposed in this study seems to be of potential use for the production of medical textiles without adverse environmental impacts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The ability to add value to waste materials from industrial operations has come to the attention of the wood processing industry, with reports, for example, of extracts from the bark tree conveying colour and UV protection to textile fibres. The objective of the present work was to expand our developments in this arena by using Copaifera langsdorffii Desf. bark extract as a natural dye for textile dyeing. A complete 2³-statistical experimental design and the central point was elaborated. The results showed that the optimal dyeing conditions were 98 °C, for 60 min, using undiluted bark extract. The dyed fabric was analysed by a spectrophotometer using the CIELAB system for evaluation of the colour strength. The results showed a K/S value of 5.78, and the dyed fabric had good colour fastness to rubbing and washing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present study aims at optimization of dyeing process parameters such as dyeing temperature, dyeing pH, and mordant concentration toward achieving maximum color strength and antimicrobial activity of cotton fabric dyed with Indian madder (Rubia cordifolia) as a natural dye. Box-Behnken three factorial with three levels experimental design (dyeing temperature ranges are 60ºC, 70ºC, and 80ºC, dyeing pH ranges are 6, 9, and 12, Mordant concentration ranges are 10%, 20%, and 30% of OWF) was used for optimization. Results showed that all the selected process variables have influenced the color strength as well as antimicrobial activity against the microbes such as Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli. The quadratic regression models have been developed for optimization of all the process parameters and it was validated through ANOVA. UV-Vis spectroscopy, Phytochemical analysis, and FTIR studies have been conducted to confirm the presence of the phytochemical compounds. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Covid-19 epidemic has affected all aspect of daily life, from health and education, to even the way we shop. In the light of the epidemic, one decision has been to require surgical face masks in all public areas, including hospitals, schools, shopping centers and even in the street. Most consumers have chosen to wear colored surgical face masks to match their clothes. However, these colored surgical face masks have been dyed using synthetic dyestuff. This dyestuff contains toxic mutagenic, allergic and carcinogenic substances. This study aims to dye surgical facemask using natural colorants to investigate color fastness to perspiration, changes of color for each dyeing process (CIELAB) and the antibacterial activity of surgical face masks dyed using coffee grounds. During the dyeing process, three different types of mordant were used. The control sample was dyed using coffee grounds, without the use of mordant. Results found that coffee grounds can serve as a potential source of natural dye for coloring textile materials. Nonwoven samples showed good levels of fastness and antibacterial activity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

While the coloring of textiles was done with natural dyes in history, today it has been completely replaced by chemical dyes and our cultural values have begun to be abandoned. For this reason, various studies are carried out in order to revitalize natural dyeing and to increase its preference. Turkey's flora is rich in terms of plant diversity, thus it makes it easier to facilitate studies related to natural dyeing. We can count the olive tree that has an important place in this diversity and it grows in many regions of our country. In this research, the usability of the natural dye obtained from the leaves of the olive tree, which is very widespread in the world, in cotton fabrics woven with handmade yarns was investigated. In this study, Eflani fabric, woven from 100% cotton yarn with olive leaves, was dyed with a total of 3 different mordant materials of 5 different concentrations. The light and wash fastnesses of the dyed samples were made and the color differences and color efficiencies were calculated and compared using the CIE L * a * b color space system. Grey Relational Analysis (GRA) Method was used for the optimization of dyeing parameters. GRA, which is one of the multi-criteria decision making methods, is an effective method that can be used in situations where there are more or less information and multiple criteria and decision making are complex. There are a total of 9 criteria to decide on the best dyeing together with the fading and staining process obtained from washing damage and with the fading value obtained from lightfastness and color yield. Thanks to the GRA method applied, the evaluation made according to 9 criteria gives us the optimum result. In this experimental study, the effects of 3 different mordant substances and mixtures used in dyeing cotton fabric with olive leaves on color difference and color efficiency were investigated, and it showed that the dyeing with citric acid mordant and using 10% mordant, which is the highest concentration, gave the best fastness values. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Natural dyestuffs are innovative natural resources alternative to chemicals in the textile industry due to their antibacterial properties. The objective of this study was to reveal the color, fastness, and antibacterial efficiency of Rosa canina leaf extract in wool fabric dyeing. Aluminum potassium sulfate (KAl (SO4)2.12H2O), copper sulfate (CuSO4.5H2O), and iron sulfate (FeSO4.7H2O) metal salts were preferred in the pre-mordanting process. Two different natural dye concentrations (25% and 50%) were tested in mordant and non-mordant wool fabrics. The fastness values were ranked between medium and good grades with 2–6. One of the remarkable results was that the fastness values of the un-mordanted dyed samples were acceptable with 5. In disc diffusion analysis, ultrasonic water bath CH3OH extracts were found to be more effective against Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923 and Escherichia coli ATCC 25922 with 16.4 mm and 7.51 mm, respectively. Also, the dyed wool fabrics showed remarkable antimicrobial activity (reduction rates: w46e100) against two different bacteria according to AATCC 100 method. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Natural dyestuffs are evaluated as innovative natural sources to color the fabric and give antibacterial properties in the textile industry. In this study, methanol extracts of Helichrysum arenarium subsp. aucheri were used as natural sources in wool fabric dyeing. Aluminum potassium sulfate (KAl(SO4)2.12H2O), copper sulfate (CuSO4.5H2O), and iron sulfate (FeSO4.7H2O) metal salts were used in the pre-mordanting process. The dyeing process was carried out in mordant and non-mordant fabrics at 25% and 50% concentrations. In this experiment, fastness values are ranked between medium and good grades. The point that should be especially emphasized is that the un-mordanted and dyed samples' fastness values are acceptable. The disc diffusion method was applied to determine the antibacterial effect of extracts against Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923 and gram-negative Escherichia coli ATCC 25922. The methanol extract obtained from the ultrasonic water bath has shown the most powerful antibacterial effect against S. aureus ATCC 25923 with a 15.8 zone diameter. The dyed wool fabrics demonstrated excellent antimicrobial activity (reduction rates: w38.4e100) against two different bacteria according to AATCC 100 method. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The eco-sustainable natural dyes and their application are increasing due to the control of pollution, biological protection and easy application. In this study, Marigold natural dye was extracted from the flowers of the indigenous crop and applied onto cotton fabric by ultrasound-assisted dyeing method. In the first stage, the extraction of natural dye was optimized. Afterward, mercerized cotton fabric was dyed with the extracted Marigold dye. The dyed fabrics produced yellow shades onto cotton substrate. Higher colored yields of the dyed fabrics up to the value of 25 and acceptable colorfastness were achieved at optimized conditions. However, dyeing by pre-mordanting method, washing fastness was marginally improved. Comparing conventional and ultrasound dyeing methods, savings in amount of water (around 16%), thermal energy (for lesser dyeing temperature) and salt concentration (around 14%) required for ultrasound dyeing were notable. Also, representative wastewaters showed around 30% reduction in the total dissolved solids contents. Additionally, tensile strength, stiffness and surface morphology of the dyed fabrics were also assessed and found acceptable. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present work deals with the dyeing of mulberry silk yarns with a mixture of two colorants extracted from Lawsonia inermis and Artocarpus lacucha. The dyes were extracted with acid, alkaline and neutral medium. Different proportions of the dye and metallic mordants were made and the dyeing was performed at 80°C with pre, post and meta mordanting techniques. The extent of dyeing was studied on the basis of K/S values. It was found that, the highest dye intensity was obtained when a mild alkaline medium was used for dye extraction. The highest color value was obseved for the combination of monkey jack dye mordanted with copper sulfate by the meta mordanting method. The color fastness properties were also found to be good. The phytochemical analysis of the selected dyes showed the presence of active components like saponins, glycosides, terpenoids and tannins, which was further confirmed by Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In wake of eco-friendly approach, there is a growing trend to impart various functional attributes in textile substrates through green chemistry approaches. In this context, a comparative study of coloration, mosquito repellency, UV protection and antimicrobial potential was made for seven plant extracts applied on cotton fabric. The plant biomass include leaves of Lawsonia inermis, rhizome of Curcuma longa, bark of Acacia nilotica & Eucalyptus globules, peels of Punica grantum & Allium cepa and flowers of Tagetes erecta. For this purpose, extracts of these plants biomass were applied on cotton fabric samples and evaluated for their color strength by Kubelka-Munk equation; anti-microbial potential by zone of inhibition in bacteriostasis agar; UPF for UV protection by ultraviolet absorbance analysis; mosquito repellency by percentage insect landing and percentage repellency. It was found that T. erecta showed good mosquito repellency, UV protection and antimicrobial potential along with its exceptionally high color strength value but poor fastness properties. However, A. nilotica demonstrated outstanding fastness properties but showed moderate color strength value. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Based on one year of fieldwork on Amami Ōshima island, southern Japan, this paper explores how traditional craft industries navigate the paradox between preservation and innovation. By focusing on dorozome (mud-dyeing), a process used in the production of the Amamian kimono cloth Oshima tsumugi, I look at how the skills embedded in this traditional but financially troubled industry evolve. I discuss the internal resistance to change that craftspeople experience locally, while concurrently facing external pressure from bureaucrats overseeing cultural preservation. I use the example of the dyeing company Kanai Kougei to show how they have responded to shifts in consumer culture, countering economic downturn through embracing innovation and diversity. This case study questions the very notion of tradition, by demonstrating that traditional craft practices in Japan have incorporated innovation throughout their development, often instigated by changing political, economic or technological circumstances. I argue that the current manifestation of dyeing practices in Amami are part of the ongoing evolution of local textile traditions. These have the potential to support economic and social sustainability at the site of production, and the wants of a global market looking for more environmentally sustainable commodities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Color plays a pivotal role in textile industry with wide usage of varieties of chemical entities. Synthetic dyes and colorants are being used extensively in the present textile and dyeing industrial scenarios. Extensive use of synthetic dyes in textile industries has many drawbacks and constitutes environmental concern. In the recent years there has been an intensive research for the practical application of natural colorants on textiles as a feasible alternative to synthetic dyes. The aim of this review is to discuss the variety of characteristic colorants produced by fungi and to enlist its possible applications in textiles. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present research reports the extraction of natural colorant from kermes oak (Quercus coccifera L.) fruits. Response surface methodology (RSM) with the help of Minitab (Version 17, State College, PA, USA) was used for the optimization of the extraction process and the evaluation of different operating parameters interaction effects. Three independent parameters including extraction temperature, extraction time, and mass of the kermes oak were studied. According to the results, the optimum extraction was obtained at a temperature of 72°C, an extraction time of 70 min, and a mass of 2 g. Under these optimum conditions, the efficiency of extraction was found to be 3792 mg.L−1. Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy was used to identify the major chemical groups in the extracted dye. The coloring ability of the extracted dye, obtained under the optimal conditions, was tested on wool and cotton fabrics, and its effect on color strength and color fastness to rubbing, light, and washing was investigated. Results of color characteristics showed that the color coordinates of the dyed samples were situated in the red-yellow quadrant of the CIELabcolor space. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose was to examine the influence of three different mordants (aluminum potassium sulfate, copper [II] sulfate, and ferrous sulfate) on the dye uptake and colorfastness of five different kinds of fabrics (cotton, flax, silk, rayon, and polyester) dyed with used coffee grounds. The color strength values (CLELAB, Hue, and Value/Chroma) were evaluated on the fabrics by use of both the color mate instrument and Munsell color set. Also, results of colorfastness to laundering and crocking compared three different types of mordant groups with a control group (non-mordant). The following combinations of the best performances for each fabric with mordant was observed: cotton and linen with iron, silk with alum, and rayon with copper. The colorfastness to laundering and crocking for the used coffee grounds achieved the ASTM standard. Therefore, used coffee grounds for natural dyes can be a feasible commercial alternative to synthetic dyes in textile and dyeing industries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Grape pomace, which is a winery waste is studied and experimented to serve as a source of natural dyes that could be utilized in textile dyeing. In previous studies, it was found that grape pomace released from wine industry contains valuable resource of abundant natural coloring substances. The present work involves the optimization of dyeing process of cotton by natural colors extracted from grape pomace. The optimized dyeing conditions were; dyeing bath temperature 100°C, dyeing time 55 min, and dye bath pH 8. In addition, it was demonstrated that the dye bath of dyed cotton reduced the Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) and the Biological Oxygen Demand (BOD)5 of the dye bath. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Parameters affecting extraction of natural colorants from five binary mixtures of floral parts of Callistemon citrinus and Tagetes erecta L., like ratio of each flower in the binary mixture of powdered floral parts, amount of powdered binary mixture to liquor ratio and extraction time, were optimized for dyeing of cotton fabric. Optimum dyeing was obtained at 60°C with 70 g/L exhausting agent (Na2SO4), material to liquor ratio of 1:50 along with dyeing time of 100 min. The dyed fabric revealed good anti-bacterial activity and excellent ultraviolet protection factor (UPF). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Brassica oleracea L. var. capitata f. rubra (Red Cabbage) dye is composed mainly of natural pigment called anthocyanins used as a natural colourant. Wool and silk fibres were dyed with the aqueous extract obtained from red cabbage. The dyeing process was investigated and the combined effects of dyeing conditions on the colour yield parameter (K/S) were studied. Resulted fastness to wash, rubbing and light of the dyed fabrics were evaluated. Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) and Biological Oxygen Demand (BOD5) of the residual effluent were measured. Best dyeing conditions were found to be: 50 g/100 mL, pH 2, 60 min and 100 °C, respectively, for the red cabbage weight, pH, dyeing duration and temperature. Good fastnesses properties were found in both cases: for wool and silk fabrics. It was found also that the calculated biodegradability ratio (COD/BOD5) of the residual bath of dyeing wool and silk with red cabbage extract are lower than 1.5 which means that these baths are biodegradable. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, five silk fabrics were separately dyed with madder (Rubia tinctoriumL.) and gallnut (Quercus infectoriaOlivier) in different percentages and then tested for antifungal activity againstCandida albicansDSMZ 1386. The one having highest antifungal activity was washed 5 times under same conditions and samples were taken after every wash. They retained nearly 99.98 % activity up to five launderings againstCandida albicans. In addition, coloring compounds and their peak heights in dyed silk fabrics were detected by high performance liquid chromatography with diode array detection (HPLC-PDA). Color values of the dyed silk fabrics were measured by CIEL*a*b* spectrophotometer. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

In this study, the ultrasound technique was investigated to dye wool fabrics with the natural extract obtained from grape pomace as a way of reducing time, temperature and environmental impact. Indeed, this natural material was very rich in total polyphenolic compounds and total flavonoids (which are, respectively, 310 (mg GAE/L) and 75 mg (CE/L)). Further, Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy showed that the major chemical groups identified in the extracted dye and in the dyed wool fabrics are characteristics of phenolic compounds. The experimental findings of the dyeing process showed that ultrasound method could improve obviously the dye exhaustion and fixation which resulted in improving considerably the colour yield (K/S) and the fastness properties of dyed fabrics compared to the conventional heating method. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

In this paper, two natural dyes were extracted from Junipers leaves (Juniperus oxycedrusL. andJuniperus excelsaBieb.). Wool yarn (for carpet) was dyed with the extract using ferrous (II) sulfate, potassium dichromate and sodium sulfate as mordant. Then, CIELab (L*, a*, b*, c,* and h) values, color differences (ΔE) and color strength (K/S) values of dyed wool yarns were examined and the fastness properties of dyed wool against dry and wet rubbing were evaluated. According to the experimental results, the use of mordant increased the color strength of dye goods. All mordant increased the rub fastness of dyed samples such as similar scientific studies previously. Compared to two junipers, dyeing samples ofJ. excelsaare dyed darker than that ofJ. oxycedrus. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

An agroindustrial waste, outer green shell of almond fruit has been valorised as a novel natural dye using chemical solvent-free extraction, small amount of metallic mordants, one-bath biomordanted dyeing, ultrasonic medium, auxiliary-free dyeing and washing. The main objective of this study is to evaluate biomordants vs. metallic mordants depending on heating system both in extraction and dyeing and to reveal alternatives to metallic mordants. Effects of conventional- and ultrasound-assisted systems on dyeing and fastness properties were investigated. Wool fabrics dyed using metallic mordants (alum, iron II sulphate, copper II sulphate and potassium dichromate) were compared with the samples dyed in conjunction with biomordants [powder of valex (acorn of Quercus ithaburensis ssp. macrolepis), pomegranate (Punica granatum L.) rind, rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis) and thuja (Thuja orientalis) leaves] in terms of colour yield, colour coordinates and fastness properties. Heating system had significant effects on dyeing and fastness results. Power ultrasound did not present any advantage in colour yield increment while it presented different effects on fastness values depending on mordant and process type of which ultrasound was applied. Some biomordants could be replaced with metallic mordants depending on their types and heating system. They could produce completely different colour gamuts just like metallic mordants. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Silk dyeing with black carrot orDaucus carotahas been attempted for the first time, giving good shades on silk. The colorant responsible for shades of green is primarily anthocyanins, which are more stable over a wider pH range than anthocyanins from other vegetable sources, making it ideal for textile dyeing. Premordanted with metal salts the dyed silk has shown remarkable CIE La*b* values and fastness properties. The K/S of dyed silk swatches increased in the order of reactivity –FeSO4> SnCl2> SnCl4> Alum > CuSO4> K2Cr2O7. Black carrot can be a potential dyeing source for natural dyeing. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

In this study, organic cotton fabrics were dyed with different natural dye sources (madder root, walnut shell, henna, horse chestnut, pomegranate peel, berberis vulgaris root, thyme, and sage tea). The dyeing was carried out with different mordants (copper sulphate, potassium aluminum sulphate, potassium tartrate, and citric acid), using pre-mordanting dyeing methods. The color of the fabrics was investigated in terms of color strength (K/S) and fastness properties against light, washing, rubbing, and perspiration. The color and fastness properties obtained from the dyed organic cotton fabrics were between good to excellent. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]