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This study aimed to demonstrate how incorporating titanium dioxide nanoparticles into concrete blocks made with recycled glass mitigates the effects of clogging and surface wear on pavement radiative properties. Using a reference concrete, four variants were formulated: with colourless, green, and amber glass, and a photocatalytic concrete with colourless glass. Three accelerated processes were applied to the concrete blocks in field: clogging, wear, and clogging on a worn surface. After each cycle of clogging and/or wear, solar reflectance and thermal emittance were measured to calculate the solar reflectance index (SRI). Surface clogging decreased the SRI for all concrete types, albeit less for photocatalytic concrete with colourless glass. SRI decreased with wear until a mean texture depth (MTD) near 0.80 mm, where a stabilisation trend was noted across all concretes. Photocatalytic concrete with colourless glass consistently showed the highest SRI values relative to the MTD. Clogging on worn surfaces indicated superior radiative properties for photocatalytic concrete with colourless glass at surface contamination degree (SCD) values less than 40%. In conclusion, conventional concretes with glass had inferior radiative properties compared to reference concrete. However, photocatalytic concrete with colourless glass showed superior radiative properties, indicating that nano-TiO2 addition reduced clogging and wear effects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The escalating use of glass in an ever-evolving world poses a waste management challenge, with glass waste contributing to non-biodegradable landfill growth. Recycling glass waste emerges as a viable solution, combating the need for additional landfills and the environmental repercussions. This study employs a scientometric and content analysis from the Scopus bibliometric database and explores the functional feasibility and performance characteristics of recycled glass waste (RGW) in sustainable concrete production. Results indicate that Asia dominates research contributions to RGW for concrete production compared to other continents. Glass-mixed concrete properties depend on glass type, particle size, shape, surface texture, replacement ratio, and curing age. The pozzolanic reactivity of recycled glass is correlated with its relative fineness. Finer glass particles were considered more suitable for use due to the enhanced alkali-silica interaction. Utilizing glass powder and fine aggregates improves mechanical properties, but high replacement levels could affect concrete strength development. Additionally, using RGA as a cement and fine aggregate replacement reduces concrete's thermal conductivity. This scientometric analysis not only aids in understanding a comprehensive overview of incorporating recycled glass waste into concrete production but also identifies knowledge gaps, guiding sustainable concrete research and development for addressing waste management challenges linked to the growing use of glass in our contemporary society. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ultra-high-performance concrete (UHPC) is a high-tech concrete whose excellent mechanical and durability characteristics are ascribed to the homogeneity and high packing density of its matrix. However, due to the high contents of cement and silica fume usually necessaries for achieving this packing density, UHPC's final cost and carbon-footprint are far higher than standard concretes. Therefore, over the last few years, the spotlight of UHPC's research has focused sharply on the analysis of locally available supplementary cementitious materials as partial replacement of cement and silica fume. This article presents an investigation to analyze the effect of rice husk ash (RHA) as partial substitution of cement in a previously optimized mixture of recycled-glass-UHPC by means of several statistical tools. Cementitious materials employed in this research involved silica fume, limestone powder, recycled glass powder and ordinary Portland cement (OPC). Based on the results, it can be concluded that RHA addition in the optimized glass UPHC yields to a significant decrease in the workability of concrete and a slight decrease of compressive strength. Results also demonstrated the high interaction between the RHA and water contents, which could be ascribed to the water absorption and internal curing provided by RHA particles. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The stabilisation of expansive clay subgrades using recycled glass (RG) was proposed, as a sustainable ground improvement technique. Previous studies mainly focused on using RG powder with contents up to 10%, while the current study utilised sand-size particles and up to 40% RG content. Physical properties, compressibility, strength characteristics, and long-term climatic effects on the volumetric behaviour of stabilised clay were investigated. Volumetric responses of stabilised clay were analysed through a constitutive model developed for environmentally stabilised clay. The experimental results revealed that the plasticity of mixtures decreased by 30% as RG content increased to 40%. By using larger RG particles, the strength and bearing capacity increased by about 45% and 130% with the addition of 25% RG. However, adding about 6% of glass powder was sufficient to increase the strength and bearing capacity to about 100% and 200%, respectively. The swell-shrink results suggested that the maximum swelling was achieved in the second cycle in which the clay classification was converted from medium to high expansive clay. The experimental results were also compared and discussed with corresponding data collected from the literature. The outcomes of this study advance the prediction and understanding of the mechanical behaviour of RG-stabilised clay. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This work, the effect of Fe2O3 and MnO2-doped waste glasses in formula (100−x)waste glasses: x Fe2O3/MnO2 (x = 0.0, 0.2, 0.4, 0.6, 0.8, and 1.0 mol%) were prepared using melt quenching technique and all glass sampled were investigated on physical and optical properties. The results exhibited that the density and refractive index of glass samples increased with Fe2O3/MnO2 content increased. The color of Fe2O3 and MnO2-doped waste glasses displayed yellow and purple, respectively, because of absorbance for Fe2O3 near 440 nm and 1,000 nm which homogeneous distribution of Fe3+ (440 nm: 6A1g(S) → 4T2g(G)) and Fe2+ (1,000 nm: 5T2g(D) → 5Eg(D)) ions in the glass matrices while MnO2 around 486 nm as absorption band is assigned to a single allowed 6A1g(S) → 4T1g(G) transition which arises from the Mn3+ ions (3d4 configuration) in octahedral symmetry. Moreover, the CIE L*a*b* for all glass samples were also investigated. The results indicated that glass production from waste glasses is possible and option for recycling waste glasses to produce artificial gems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The rapid economic growth in recent years has led to the use of glass material in many activities, resulting in a large amount of glass waste. The efficient use of waste glass recycling has gained increasing attention. Researchers propose a method for recycling waste glass to reduce glass manufacturing costs and investigate the physical, optical, and luminescence properties of chromium oxide-doped glass with the stoichiometry of (35-x) B2O3: 35SiO2 (use waste glass as SiO2): 12Na2O: 7.9CaO: 0.1Sb2O3: 10BaO: xCr2O3 when x = 0.00 to 0.05 mol%. Glass was synthesized using the melt quenching at 1,200 degrees Celsius for 3 h. Archimedes' principle and the Abbe refractometer were used to calculating density and refractive index decrease with the addition of 0.01 mol% of Cr3+ concentration. At room temperature, absorption spectra were analyzed using a UV-VIS-NIR spectrometer exhibiting two broadband at 438 and 625 nm intense bands, and the luminescence properties of the Cr3+ glasses system were investigated using an excitation wavelength of 567 nm, with luminescence peaks observed around 750 nm. CIE L* a* b* shows the green color. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The recycling of photovoltaic modules has been a topic of increasing interest over the last years. At industrial scale, delamination of the module structure, which represents the first step in the recycling process, is currently achieved by multi-stage crushing. However, the quality of the outputs obtained through subsequent processing is low and offers room for improvement. Milling was investigated as an alternative physical delamination method. Lab-scale experiments were conducted to evaluate the applicability of the technology in general, as well as comparing a process by which all non-glass layers are removed at the same time (one-step) with one where the backsheet is removed as a separate fraction (two-step). Furthermore, a qualitative and quantitative analysis of the resulting outputs in each case was performed. Results show effective delamination by the milling process. Advantages in comparison to the currently used delamination techniques are identified in regard to the quality of the recovered glass, which is separated directly during delamination as well as the fact that the subsequent processing can therefore be focused on the polymers, metals and silicon contained within the removed materials. Some possibly problematic aspects in regard to upscaling have also been identified and discussed. While the two-step process enables the recovery of more homogenous outputs, it is also associated with a higher effort regarding input characterization and the milling process itself. In order to reach a conclusion about which process option is more feasible, additional investigations concerning the milling process, the input material and the output fractions are needed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Since mid-second millennium BCE, glass bangles have been an item of mass consumption throughout South Asia. The archaeological community has spent considerable time and energy reconstructing ancient cities with evidence of glass making and/or glass working workshops and has formulated many hypotheses. The functional use of the kiln and the ways that different kinds of glass products, including bangle were produced is still shrouded in uncertainty. Jointless bangles have been considered as auspicious and they dominate the archaeological bangle assemblages. At times, glass bangles are used as one of the criteria to hypothesise ancient demographics. Their usage patterns of glass bangles and their relation to socio-cultural milieu, continuously create more broken pieces than intact bangles in cultural deposit. The fact that glass bangles are given as offerings in lieu of wellbeing and that broken bangles are recycled present challenges for any archaeological reconstructions and inferences. Notwithstanding these challenges, examination of the traditional jointless bangle production centre in western Uttar Pradesh facilitates a more insightful understanding of the nature of meaningful socialistic and technocratic affordances constitutive to bangles. This paper records ethnographically the production cycle and the functional use of bangles. The evolution of bangle making furnaces is also discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

By modifying the conventional and mechanical properties of bitumen and asphalt mixtures with recycled additives such as Recycled Glass Powder (RGP) as well as new additives such as Carbon Nanotubes (CNTs), in addition to improving the properties of bitumen and asphalt mixtures, it can also be environmentally friendly. For the first time, this article evaluated the rheological and mechanical properties of bitumen and Hot Mix Asphalt (HMA) with CNTs and RGP. For this purpose, a total of 17 types of asphalt mixes were made. CNTs and RGP were added to bitumen with aggregate at different percentages. Finally, an economic analysis was conducted for a 3-Line road. The results of the rheological properties of bitumen showed that adding additives reduced the thermal susceptibility of bitumen. Also, the results of the Marshall Test showed that the stability of samples containing RGP and CNTs increased due to the more effective presence of CNTs compared to the presence of RGP. Moreover, it was found that the Marshall ratio of the modified samples increased. Economically, the addition of RGP and CNTs led to an uneconomical design. Finally and considering all aspects, C1G25 asphalt mix is recommended due to technical-economical properties. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This work focuses on the preparation of a high-quality glass powder from the broken windowpane. The expected glass powder must show a high amount of silicon dioxide with fine particle size. The processing technique used in this work is coarse grinding and high-speed vibratory milling under a variety of conditions to get the best quality of glass powder. The particle size and particle size distribution were examined by using DLS technique. The chemical composition was examined by EDX together with FT-IR and XRF spectroscopies. The results showed that the wide range of particle size distribution occurred in all milling conditions, which approximately ranged from 0.3 to 7 µm, and the 270 min-milling time showed the smallest particle size of glass powder. The chemical analysis showed that the glass powder is rich in silica which contained about 70.47% of SiO2. After that, the various ratios of the glass powder/HDPE composites were formed by using the traditional casting method. The physical and electrical properties were investigated for all composites. The results showed that after adding glass powder into the HDPE matrix, the εr value significantly drops due to the inorganic filler suppressed polarization within the systems. For the resistivity, the ρ value significantly increases after adding glass powder to the HDPE matrix for all compositions because this filler promotes the hinder of electric current flow. Finally, it can conclude that the waste glass powder can use as a filler in the HDPE-based composite as better as the commercial SiO2 powder for the electrical insulting application. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Glass recycling is a process that faces many obstacles, especially in the closed-loop context. Waste glass separation and transportation can become quite expensive, turning glass collection for remanufacture unfeasible. For this reason, it is important that alternative markets for waste glass are sought. This study evaluated crushed recycled glass as tertiary media in subsurface pilot-scale filters for on-site municipal wastewater treatment, using control sand media filters. Filters were operated over 128 days at a 24-h hydraulic retention time, treating secondary lagoon effluent from the rural municipality of Dunnottar, Manitoba, Canada. Crushed recycled glass filters removed 92%, 90% and 45% of the total suspended solids (TSS), ammonium nitrogen (NH4+–N) and chemical oxygen demand (COD), respectively. Total suspended solids were removed equally well in sand and crushed recycled glass filters (α = 0.05), whereas NH4+–N and COD reductions were 10% and 21% greater in sand media, respectively. Both sand and crushed recycled glass filters failed to achieve phosphorus (P) discharge guidelines. This study shows that there is potential for crushed recycled glass in wastewater filtration, especially to achieve TSS, COD and NH4+–N removal. Small communities served by waste stabilization ponds could benefit from glass media filters, as waste glass could be diverted from curbside collection and utilized locally to polish municipal lagoon effluent. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study investigated the effectiveness of removing pollutants from roof-collected rainwater through rainwater tank, filtration using recycled foam glass and geofabrics using series of laboratory experiments. It is found that rainwater tank itself helps to remove some pollutants, especially total suspended solids (TSS). To test the efficiency of recycled foam glass as filter material, the material was used to filter rainwater collected from roof. It is found that through such filtration most of the pollutants' concentrations in the rainwater drop by about 50%. Also, removal efficiency of a 30 cm filter media is about double compared to a filter media of 10 cm height. However, concentrations of Suspended Solids, Copper and Lead in the filtered samples were higher than the concentrations in the raw sample, which might be due to leaching of pollutants from filter media as it is found that higher the filter depth, higher the pollutants concentrations in the filtrate. To overcome these pollutants' leaching, similar experiments conducted with geotextile layer at the bottom of the filter material revealed that through the use of geotextile layer with 30 cm filter media, significant reductions of pollutants are achievable including an 87% removal in number of Faecal Coliforms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In recent years, recycling of municipal solid waste (MSW) has been recognized as one of the most efficient methods of waste management in terms of environmental benefits. This study investigates the energy savings and other environmental benefits of recycling of dry MSW collected in Shiraz, Iran (2018). The impact of different recycling rates (current = 15%, desirable = 50%, ideal = 80%) on environmental benefits and energy savings were assessed. The annual quantity of recycled components were defined as glass (735 tons), plastic carrier bags (555 tons), cardboard (3,874 tons), paper (3,806 tons), disposable plastic containers (287 tons), other types of metals (785 tons), disposable metallic containers (aluminum) (171 tons), other types of plastics (812 tons) and polyethylene terephthalate (PET) (887 tons). The results confirmed that recycling of paper and glass in three different scenarios resulted in a reduction of 1.01, 2.14, and 3.43 million tons of air pollutant emissions, respectively. By improving the recycling rates from 15 to 80%, overall energy savings can improve by between a factor of 3.5 to 5.5. Also, a reduction of approximately 2–3.5% in air pollutant emissions can be achieved by upgrading the current recycling program (15% recycling rate) to favorable and ideal conditions. Implications: In recent years, recycling of municipal solid waste (MSW) has been recognized as one of the most efficient methods of waste management in terms of environmental benefits. This study investigates the energy savings and other environmental benefits of recycling of dry MSW collected in Shiraz, Iran (2018). According to available data, there has been little effort for recycling in developing countries, and waste landfilling is recognized as the most favorable option in MSW management. The aim of this study was to characterize MSW components in Shiraz, Iran, and to quantify the environmental benefits and energy savings as result of paper, glass, and aluminum recycling. This work is novel in that there are no reports to our knowledge of the environmental benefits and energy savings resulting from different recycling scenarios including current (15%), desirable (50%), and ideal (80%) recycling for aluminum, paper, and glass. The results of this work have broad implications both for other regions owing to the pervasiveness of recycling facilities and also for developing countries that can strive towards the infrastructure needed to reach improved recycling scenarios. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article explores some of the mechanisms underlying the photographic visualisations of the French Empire between the late nineteenth and the early twentieth centuries, This study focuses in particular on Edgard Imbert's photographic work, a collection of albums, glass plates, and loose photographs held at the Etablissement de Communication et de Production Audiovisuelle de la Défense in Ivry, Franc. Imbert was one of the most prolific photographers of French colonisation in Madagascar and Indochina. The thousands of negatives he made offer a unique perspective on the visual economies of French expansionism in these territories. Through a thorough analysis of what Imbert kept to himself, showed to his family circle, or published with a view to propagandise French colonialism in Asia and Africa, this work shows how careful historians should be in their analyses of colonial-era photographs. Those who were most involved in fashioning the colonial imaginary effectively constructed a visual repertoire to promote their vision, and not just for their contemporaries but also for posterity. A large part of the colonial images that circulate more than a century later are drawn for these registers of self-representation. Leading figures of French colonialism, such as Hubert Lyautey and Joseph Gallieni, were very familiar with the structure of the colonial archive in construction. They anticipated which effect the photographic elaboration of the colonies would have in the long term. The agency of French archives generally favoured the conservation of albums and views that are the direct inheritors from this colonial self-fashioning. Such an archival effect tends to distort heavily the repertoire of French colonial imagery. Imbert's collection therefore offers a rare insight on the various regimes of in/visibility of French colonial activities in the early twentieth century and their subsequent curatorial itineraries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The trend of renewing buildings and providing new housing, public and other areas without using new building lots is becoming increasingly important. A frequent situation in building renewal is the change of the category of use, which can in certain cases require the consideration of higher imposed loads for the floor elements that are often of the timber floor type, and result in necessary strengthening procedures. Often, strengthening methods impair the original appearance of the timber floor. An example of such a procedure is the usage of tensile strengthening elements made from steel or various polymers. If the strengthening element is glued to the timber joist, the procedure is not reversible anymore and is therefore unfavorable for timber floors of historical or architectural importance. This article proposes an improvement of the strengthening technique with cross-laminated timber (CLT) panels. The usage of a glass strip as an additional reinforcement is discussed and evaluated with a practical example. The proposed approach enables the usage of thinner CLT panels, thus still achieving a considerable increase of the timber floor load-bearing capacity. The essential feature of the suggested approach is the preservation of the original appearance and simultaneous strengthening of the timber floor. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Physical characterization of waste from commercial activities and services was carried out during two seasons (dry season, summer and rainy season, winter) in 2017. A sample for each activity was selected for waste collection at source, taking into account the division of Annaba municipality into 5 administrative sectors and 315 districts. On average over the two seasons, commercial activities and services in Annaba produce a daily quantity of 9,54 Tons/Day, it is composed mainly of organic matter with 45% of the quantity, paper: 23%, plastic: 18%, 7% metal and 3% glass, as well as minute quantities of fine matter, combustibles, textiles, special waste, composites and non-combustible materials. The quantity and composition of waste vary according to the type of activity, catering, and food trade activities are the most important generators of waste. Variations in the daily quantities and waste composition of certain activities according to sectors and seasons have been observed; these variations could be influenced by several factors, such as the number of inhabitants, the attractiveness of the city center and the attractiveness of tourism. Organic matter, plastic, paper/cardboard, metal, glass, and textiles are considered as waste to be valorized, composting organic waste and paper remains the first solution to be implemented in waste management plans. Nevertheless, recycling for the other components seems just as interesting. This study highlights the sources of waste production and makes local authorities aware of the need to better organize waste management. Implications: A physical characterization of solid waste from commercial and service activities in the municipality of Annaba has made it possible to provide a database on an unknown source of commercial waste, to determine its recovery potential and to identify its source of generation, which should help to overcome data gaps and enable local decision-makers to better assess and anticipate waste management: The aim is to resize collection methods by focusing on selective sorting and to consider new perspectives for waste recovery in order to reduce landfilling. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Cathode ray tube (CRT) glass contains significant amounts of alkali and alkaline earth oxides, making it a useful by-product for use in the ceramics industry. Among the various alkali oxides present, those of strontium (SrO), calcium (CaO), and magnesium (MgO) are well known flux materials used widely in the ceramics industry. The most effective flux, SrO, is also a limited resource. In this study, we aimed to develop an environmentally friendly, low-cost method for recycling CRT waste by using it to produce transparent ceramic frits on an industrial scale. Four different samples were fabricated containing between 13 and 25 wt.% CRT panel glass. The color values, sintering behaviors, phases, and microstructural properties of the corresponding samples were analyzed and compared. The results indicate that a composition containing 25 wt.% CRT panel glass could pass the ISO 10545 test. Thus, the results confirm that CRT glass can be used to inexpensively produce transparent ceramic frits at an industrial scale. Implications: The recycling of electronic waste (e-waste), including CRT waste, has increased by high rates of computer and TV consumption. This increase in consumption is likely to increase the rate at which CRTs are discarded. However, CRTs cannot be recycled in the desired amount. Owing to the high silicate, barium and strontium content of CRTs, it has great potential for glass ceramics such as frits. CRT panel glass to produce commercial transparent frit at low cost through an industrial production route for use in single-fire sintered products. Thus, CRT wastes can be recycled cost-effective, sustainable and environmentally friendly. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Physico-chemical characteristics of waste, particularly fine fraction (FF), from an old crystal glass waste dump in Sweden were studied to assess recycling or disposal alternatives. Hand-sorting of the waste indicated glass content of 44.1% while sieving established the FF as a more soil-like mix of glass and other materials constituting 33.3% of all excavated waste. The FF was around neutral pH with 24.4% moisture content, low values of Total Dissolved Solids, Dissolved Organic Carbon and fluorides, but hazardous concentrations of As, Cd, Pb and Zn according to the Swedish Environmental Protection Agency guidelines. While the FF leached metals in low concentrations at neutral pH, it leached considerably during digestion with nitric acid, implying leaching risks at low pH. Thus, the waste requires safe storage in hazardous waste class 'bank account' storage cells to avoid environmental contamination as metal recovery and other recycling strategies for the glass waste are being developed. The study could fill the information gap regarding preservation of potential resources in the on-going, fast-paced excavation and re-landfilling of heavy metal contaminated materials in the region. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This empirical study presents a combination of insights from corporate sustainability practices, supply chain management, and innovation literature, and a case study to discover new understandings on factors influencing firms to incorporate sustainable innovation initiatives into their supply chain practices. There is an apparent lack of literature in this field due to its modernity and evolving nature. Also, there is a lack of insights into how firms could translate sustainable innovation initiatives into practice. This study addresses this gap by examining a successful glass recycling company through the lenses of sustainable innovation context and the Global Reporting Initiative G3 Guideline framework. Primary data are collected through observations and in-depth interview before it is coded and analysed using nVivo. The findings show that sustainable innovation practices are mainly directed at improving the technological processes, resource sharing, and reduction of production cost among supply chain partners. A conceptual sustainable innovation framework is also proposed. This study contributes to sustainable innovation literature by providing insights into the evaluation of a firm's innovative sustainability efforts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The confined dynamics of water molecules inside a pore involves an intermittence between adsorption steps near the interface and surface diffusion and excursions in the pore network. Depending on the strength of the interaction in the layer(s) close to the surface and the dynamical confinement of the distal bulk liquid, exchange dynamics can vary significantly. The average time spent in the surface proximal region (also called the adsorption layer) between a first entry and a consecutive exit allows estimating the level of 'nanowettablity' of water. As shown in several seminal works, NMRD is an efficient experimental method to follow such intermittent dynamics close to an interface. In this paper, the intermittent dynamics of a confined fluid inside nanoporous materials is discussed. Special attention is devoted to the interplay between bulk diffusion, adsorption and surface diffusion on curved pore interfaces. Considering the nano or meso length scale confinement of the pore network, an analytical model for calculating the inter-dipolar spin-lattice relaxation dispersion curves is proposed. In the low-frequency regime (50 KHz-100 MHz), this model is successfully compared with numerical simulations performed using a 3D-off lattice reconstruction of Vycor glass. Comparison with experimental data available in the literature is finally discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this study was to investigate the overall performance of different types of recycled glass media with the optimized coagulation conditions for drinking water treatment. Tests were performed using a laboratory-based filtration unit, with dual filter media configurations and synthetic raw water. The glass media showed comparable performance for both filtration and backwashing and avoided the breakthrough of particles in the effluent. Moreover, the promising performance of the glass media was a slow head loss development which should grant longer filtration runs, less backwashing requirement and thus possible clean water and energy savings. Finally, the optimized combination of filtration media and coagulation operations can lead to the best filtration performance. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

In this paper, the effect of waste glass powder on properties and microstructure of ultrahigh performance cement based materials was investigated in an attempt to provide an additional option for glass recycling and to reduce part cost of the cementing materials. Compressive strength of pastes and mortars with different waste glass powder content was tested, and their microstructure properties were analysed by X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy. Testing results show that the compressive strength rose initially with the increase in the waste glass amount, reached up to the peak at 20% replacement ratio and then decreased a little. The waste glass powder in ultrahigh performance cement based materials had exhibited pozzolanic reaction and filling effect, contributing substantially to strength increase. In addition, no alkali–silica reaction microcracking ring was found around the large glass powder particle due to the enough fineness of glass powder and the existence of silica fume. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study attempts to optimize the operations of the Recycling Fund Management Board (RFMB), founded by the Environmental Protection Administration of the R.O.C. Government (on Taiwan), through the decision of a subsidy rate for the domestic glass recycling industry. The hierarchical and interactive nature between the two parties is modelled by bi-level programming, where the RFMB plays the upper-level decision unit while the recycling industry is the lower-level counterpart. In order to solve the problem by optimization software, the bi-level formulation is transformed to a single-level problem via Karush-Kuhn-Tucker optimality conditions and is further transformed to a 0-1 mixed integer programming problem by variable substitution. The problem is solved with real-world data, and the obtained solutions are analysed and compared with the RFMB's current operations. The results suggest that the proposed approach can improve the operations of the RFMB. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article focuses on the implementation of curbside recycling program in the U.S. The term "curbside recycling" refers to the collection and sorting phases of household materials. The shift to this trend of waste management is due partly to the crisis in landfill availability hence, waste management is being diverted to recycling. However, there are negative feedback regarding the curbside recycling program specifically, the requirement of additional labor to do the responsibility. Information on how to sort properly and recycle household materials such as, glass, metal cans, papers and plastics is included.

The sustainable benefits of waste glass usage in concrete include the possibility of reducing solid waste and greenhouse gas emission and preservation of raw materials. This current study examines the effect of recycled waste glass as a partial and complete substitute for natural sand in producing eco-friendly concrete. The recycled waste glass was proportioned in levels of 25, 50, 75 and 100% by weight to substitute sand in the concrete using a mix ratio of 1:2:4 (cement:sand:gravel) at a W/C ratio of 0.5 targeting 20 MPa strength at 28 days. Tests, which include X-ray fluorescence (XRF), were conducted on the waste glass and cement materials; slump test was performed on the freshly prepare concrete at different percentage glass content. Compressive and tensile strength tests were performed on 60 specimens after 3, 7, 28 and 90 days of curing. The concrete microstructure was examined using the scanning electron microscope (SEM). Results showed that workability and the mechanical strength of the concrete produced decreased with increasing waste glass content. However, concrete containing 25% and 50% waste glass contents showed significant enhancement in strength, but it is recommended that the optimum glass content should be 25% for the production of sustainable eco-concrete. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article explains the technological and design advances that enhance the appeal of glass packaging. Topics discussed are lightweight developments, innovative glass designs that enhance brand image, and glass recycling. Also mentioned are core glass values, packaging weight, and the initiatives by companies to support glass recyclability.

This work is aimed at studying the possibility of reusing waste glass from crushed containers as aggregate for preparing mortars. At present, this kind of reuse is still not common due to the risk of alkali–silica reaction (ASR) between alkalis of the cement and silica of the waste glass. This expansive reaction can cause great problems of cracking and, consequently, it can be extremely deleterious for the mortar durability. The influence of both size and colour of recycled glass coming from crushed containers on the durability of mortars is studied. The attention is focused on both mechanical behaviour, investigated by means of bending and compression tests, as well as durability, studied by means of accelerated tests for evaluating the tendency to expand under alkaline environment due to ASR. Several mortars are prepared by replacing at different rate the quartz sand with coarse glass cullet of different colours: clear (i.e. uncoloured), green and amber. Then, pulverised clear glass is added to the mortar mixtures, also in the presence of class F fly ash. Results obtained show that by using both green and amber glass cullet the mortars are stable, as well as by using powder glass, which also shows a significant pozzolanic effect. On the other hand, considerable expansion due to ASR is detected by using clear glass cullet. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]