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The environmental production of handmade carpets considering the application of natural materials; fibers, dyes, and mordants helps us benefit from the advantages of using renewable sources of raw materials. Metal salts are frequently employed as mordants to improve the fastness qualities. This article aims to investigate the yellow appearance of handmade carpets achieved by applying biomordants instead of metallic ones through spectral and colorimetric analysis. This method involved using reseda as a natural dye, yellow and black myrobalan as biomordants, and alum as a metallic mordant. After pre-mordanting and dyeing of the wool yarns, the achieved colors, color strengths, and key fastness properties were compared. The findings showed that using biomordants leads to appropriate color strengths and fastness qualities in addition to expanding the color gamut. Gratefully, the outcomes of current research guarantee to achieve the yellow appearance in Iranian handmade carpets through totally the novel eco-friendly procedure. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This research aims to optimize the dyeing process of marigold flower dye by using banana peel extraction as a biomordant in cotton fabrics. In the beginning, we investigated the optimal condition for extracting tannin compounds from fresh banana peel. Then, the woven cotton fabrics were dyed with marigold flower extraction at 90°C for 60 min with three different mordanting methods; pre-mordanting, post-mordanting, and metamordanting. With meta-mordanting, the ratios of mordant to dye solution were varied. The mordanting temperature and time of each methods were studied. The color strength, CIEL*a*b*, wash fastness, and light fastness were also inspected. It was found that the optimal condition for tannin extraction from the fresh banana peel was at 90°C, 1 h. When dyeing cotton fabrics with marigold flower dye by the pre-mordanting and post-mordanting method, the optimal mordanting condition was achieved at 60°C, 120 min, as the dyed fabrics showed the highest color strength. Moreover, the optimal condition of meta-mordant method was shown at 30°C, 90 min at the mordant to dye = 2:1 and 30°C, 60 min at the mordant to dye = 1:1 and 1:2. The color fastness of the mordanted cotton fabric was improved, especially the post-mordant method. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study was undertaken to propose an alternative use of Acacia nilotica bark extract as a potential source of biomordant for the development of ecofriendly shades of varying hue and tone in conjunction with Kerria lacca (Lac) and Rheum emodi (Himalayan rhubarb) natural dyes. The colorimetric analysis of K. lacca and R. emodi natural dyes were evaluated onto the woolen yarn samples adopting pre-mordanting technique using 1.0-5.0% (o.w.f.) A. nilotica as biomordant. The hue of color developed was found to be in yellow-red coordinate of color space diagram with hues shifted toward red region for K. lacca and toward yellow region for R. emodi dyed samples. The color strength (K/S) values were found to increase with increase in the concentration of biomordant and were found highest for 5.0% (o.w.f.) A. nilotica mordanted samples. Color fastness with respect to light exposure, washing, rubbing for the developed shades ranged between good to very good ratings of 4-5 on grey scale, confirming the possibility of using A. nilotica bark extract as a potential source of biomordant for enhancing the colorimetric and fastness characteristics of dyed woolen yarn samples. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study was undertaken to propose an alternative use of Adhatoda vasica leaves extract as a potential source of natural dye for the coloration of woolen yarn/fibers. Premordanting technique was adopted with double metal salt combinations of ferrous sulfate, stannous chloride, and potassium aluminum sulfate and double biomordant combinations of gallnut, pomegranate, and babool, to achieve dyed textile materials of acceptable colorimetric and fastness properties. Sixty-three sober and elegant shades were developed on wool by varying the nature and the concentration of mordants involved in the combinations. The hue of color developed was found to be in yellow-red coordinate of color space diagram. All the dyed samples presented excellent color strength (K/S) values and highest values were found in case of gallnut + pomegranate peel extract (PPE) combination. Biomordants produced altogether different behavior in comparison to metal mordants in the development of ecofriendly shades of different hue and tune. Majority of the dyed samples showed excellent fastness properties with respect to light, washing, and rubbing which confirmed the possibility of using A. vasica leaves extract as an effective yellow natural dye. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Environmental issues inspire the revival of natural dyes that exhibit better biodegradability and more compatibility over synthetic ones. This research is aimed to investigate the effect of color and fastness properties on wool yarn substrate with natural anthraquinone colorants extracted from madder roots using gallnut (Quercus infectoria) extract as anchoring agent. Prior to the dyeing with Indian Madder (Rubia cordifolia), wool fibers were pre and post-treated with different concentrations of gallnut extract (viz 1–5% o.w.f) to get a broad range of beautiful and color fast shades. The feasibility of gallnut extract as an anchoring agent and its effect on color strength and color fastness to light, rubbing, and washing was investigated. Results of color characteristics showed that the color coordinates of the dyed samples were situated in the red-yellow quadrant of the CIELabcolor space. Bio-mordanting with gallnut extract produced shades of practically acceptable color depth, color fastness to light, washing and rubbing. Pre-treatment with gallnut extract is dominated over post-treatment in terms of better colorimetric and fastness results. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

An agroindustrial waste, outer green shell of almond fruit has been valorised as a novel natural dye using chemical solvent-free extraction, small amount of metallic mordants, one-bath biomordanted dyeing, ultrasonic medium, auxiliary-free dyeing and washing. The main objective of this study is to evaluate biomordants vs. metallic mordants depending on heating system both in extraction and dyeing and to reveal alternatives to metallic mordants. Effects of conventional- and ultrasound-assisted systems on dyeing and fastness properties were investigated. Wool fabrics dyed using metallic mordants (alum, iron II sulphate, copper II sulphate and potassium dichromate) were compared with the samples dyed in conjunction with biomordants [powder of valex (acorn of Quercus ithaburensis ssp. macrolepis), pomegranate (Punica granatum L.) rind, rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis) and thuja (Thuja orientalis) leaves] in terms of colour yield, colour coordinates and fastness properties. Heating system had significant effects on dyeing and fastness results. Power ultrasound did not present any advantage in colour yield increment while it presented different effects on fastness values depending on mordant and process type of which ultrasound was applied. Some biomordants could be replaced with metallic mordants depending on their types and heating system. They could produce completely different colour gamuts just like metallic mordants. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, woollen yarn was dyed with industrial rose pulp from Isparta, a process that may pose environmental risks. The woollen yarn was processed with Savinase 16L, a protease enzyme, then dyed with biomordants such as citric acid, tannic acid and acetic acid, as well as with metal mordants such as aluminium sulphate, aluminium potassium sulphate, ferrous sulphate and potassium dichromate. The results showed that the yarn pretreated with the protease enzyme exhibited increased dyeability and pilling values without excessive loss of weight or strength. Although different shades were obtained with biomordants, different colours were obtained with metal mordants. The analysis of the waste water and metal content of the final product showed compliance with the OEKO-TEX® Standard 100. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Premordanting of jute fabric was carried out following single mordanting by biomordants (myrobolan and pomegranate) and ecofriendly chemical mordants (ferrous sulphate and potash alum) and double mordanting by sequential treatment of biomordant and ecofriendly chemical mordant. Extraction condition of natural dyes from manjistha, annatto, ratanjot and babool was standardised and applied on premordanted jute fabric. There is a substantial improvement of colour yield, levelness of dyeing and wash fastness properties of natural dyed jute fabric after double premordanting using bio and chemical mordant. Light fastness ratings are moderate to good while rubbing fastness are very good to excellent for all the natural dyed jute fabric. Very good ultraviolet (UV) protection ratings are achieved in case of dyeing of jute fabric using natural dyes extracted from manjistha, annatto, ratanjot and babool after premordanting with sequential treatment of biomordant and chemical mordant. UV protection properties of natural dyed jute fabric follows the order babool > annatto > manjistha > ratanjot. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]