Search

This article examines the contributions made to Arctic knowledge by Kallihirua, a member of the Inughuit community of Northern Greenland who was abducted by the crew of the Assistance during the 1850–51 expedition in search of the missing ships Erebus and Terror. Unpacking this important moment of cultural encounter, the article explores the ways in which Kallihirua's presence on board the ship became embroiled in wider scholarly debates pertaining to the 'origins of the Inuit' and to the historical migrations of human beings around the world. Furthermore, it studies the ways in which this 'indigenous intermediary' became an important influence on the emergent scholarly disciplines of anthropology and geography which were undergoing a process of institutionalization and professionalization during this period. The article therefore contributes new insights into the fundamental, yet overlooked, roles that Arctic indigenous peoples have historically played in shaping non-indigenous knowledge about the region. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article examines how rigour is achieved in the Abductive Research Strategy (ARS). It begins with a review of some of the arguments about objectivity and rigour in social sciences, which shows that quantitative and qualitative researchers hold different meanings of objectivity and therefore different ways of achieving rigour in their research. ARS as a qualitative methodology is then described and, using a study of the experience of work of life insurance sales workers in the state of Penang, rigour in the ARS is illustrated. Three ways of establishing rigour in ARS are stated and expounded. While two of them are from the traditions of doing qualitative research, the third is from the logic of abduction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper uses abduction to propose a theory of addictive desire that is based on a dual dysfunction in learning and motivation. The theory is termed the Coherent Dual Theory of Addictive Desire (CDT) because it proposes that a dual dysfunction lies at the heart of addictive desire. This paper first lays out CDT in psychological terms. It then focuses on how CDT coheres with both the neurobiology and phenomenology of addictive desire, granting the theory empirical support and more explanatory power. The paper concludes by addressing an objection from opponent process theory. The result is a theory of addictive desire that contains multiple abductive virtues: It is simple, general, testable, and coherent on the levels of neurobiology, psychology, and phenomenology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In Malaysia, even the ghosts are transnational. Rani Manicka’s 2002 debut novel The Rice Mother follows the intergenerational narratives of a diasporic Ceylonese family in Malaysia. As they reflect on the atrocities of the Second World War and Japanese Occupation – notably the abduction and presumed murder of the eldest daughter, Mohini, by Japanese soldiers – each family member shares their haunted relationship with Mohini’s ghost. While Avery Gordon and Kathleen Brogan have examined how hauntings can characterize social or ethnic loss, Mohini’s hauntings are unique to the Ceylonese diaspora in Malaysia. In addition to the family members encountering her ghost through dreams – significant connections to the spiritual world in Hindu mythology – Mohini’s character is inspired by the mohini pey, a legendary ghost from Southern India and Sri Lanka. However, the discrepancy between mohini the ghost and Mohini the character interrogates the malleability of memory across generations. How might hauntings – manifestations of the traumatic past – change as generations evolve and reaffiliate cultural memory over time? Drawing on Marianne Hirsch’s concept of postmemory, this paper examines the family’s evolving relationship with Mohini’s ghost and argues that the residual power of diasporic heritage inherited through storytelling provides a path for generational healing in a new homeland. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Exotropia-hypotropia complex is an uncommon phenomenon associated with high myopia. However, some literature reports cases of the exotropia-hypotropia complex where residual hypotropia is managed through a secondary surgery following the conventional recession-resection of the lateral rectus (LR) and medial rectus (MR). Nasal Loop myopexy as a primary surgical procedure for the management of exotropia-hypotropia complex has been rarely reported in the literature. Methods: A 24-year-old male with unilateral high myopia presented with a large angle exotropia-hypotropia complex with limitation of elevation in abduction in his left eye. His ocular deviation was successfully managed through a nasal loop myopexy of the superior rectus (SR) and MR using a non-absorbable suture, combined with large LR recession and MR resection. Results: Postoperatively, the patient had satisfactory ocular alignment with improved hypotropia and normal elevation in abduction, contributing to enhanced binocular vision and better cosmesis. Discussion: Managing the exotropia-hypotropia complex in the context of high myopia demands a comprehensive approach that addresses both vertical and horizontal deviations. The surgical strategy employed in this case, which included loop myopexy of SR and MR along with LR recession and MR resection, achieved positive outcomes regarding alignment, elevation, and binocular vision. The case supports variations in muscle path and the potential benefits of tailored surgical strategies for complex strabismus cases associated with high myopia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To date, sexually motivated abductions have not received as much attention from researchers in comparison to the acts of abduction and sexual assault alone. Further, the majority of research that is conducted on abductions focuses solely on child victims, creating a gap in the literature. The current study was set forth to identify qualitatively different subgroups of offenders who commit sexually motivated abductions. Using victim, crime, and offender characteristics taken from sexual abduction cases (n = 1288), a latent class analysis was conducted. Results from the latent class analysis revealed that four subgroups of sexually motivated abductors exist: Convenience Opportunist, Strategic Opportunist, Child Opportunist, and Familiar Opportunist. In addition, bivariate analyses were run to test the latent class solution with different characteristics; results suggest that these subgroups of sexually motivated offenders may not be dependent on some victim lifestyle characteristics. These results provide evidence that there are qualitatively different subgroups of offenders who commit sexually motivated abductions, which may be useful for law enforcement when conducting investigations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Many music therapists propose that chaos, such as destructiveness and disintegration, could thwart music therapy group processes and should be minimised or resolved. From a paradoxical approach, however, chaos is understood as a transformative complement to ordered, formative music therapy experiences. The research in this paper explored how music therapists and adolescents could engage with chaos as a resource in music therapy groups. From a paradoxical approach, the music therapist--researcher facilitated two short-term group music therapy processes with nine young South Africans from under-resourced and often violent communities, referred for committing offences. The researcher utilised crystallisation, including constructivist grounded theory, participatory action research, and abduction, to analyse how group members could engage with chaotic group experiences. Findings, constructed through a cyclical process of data collection, analysis, and inclusion of group feedback, are presented in a matrix. The matrix shows how groups could utilise chaos to explore multiple possibilities for responding to challenges. They expressed themselves courageously and played unconventional group roles through their musicking and participation. They juggled paradoxical tensions between observational and active, integrative and disintegrative, engagement styles. This supported their transformation in the group, and potentially within the chaotic South African context. Music therapists can use the matrix to support adolescents in music therapy groups to engage with chaos as a transformative resource. They can accompany young people through offering holding, resources and collaborative support. When it is safe, music therapists may allow or encourage chaos that empowers adolescents to cope with challenges independently. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH) is a disorder of hip development that leads to dysplasia, subluxation, or total hip dislocation. Early detection of DDH is important, and early initiation of abduction treatment is key to successful correction of the hip joint. However, mild forms of DDH, including hip instability without complete dislocation, have good spontaneous healing potential, and a watchful waiting strategy in mild DDH has been found to be safe. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the cost differences between different treatment strategies for DDH. Data were collected retrospectively from the medical records of all children diagnosed with diagnosis and treatment of DDH in Tampere University hospital between 1998 and 2018. In total, 948 patients were included in the study. Patients who underwent casting or operative treatment (n = 48) were excluded from the analysis. All Ortolani positive children were subjected to early abduction treatment. Children with Ortolani negative DDH were subjected to either watchful waiting or early abduction treatment, based on the clinicians' decision. The regression model estimates for the number of clinical visits with and without ultrasound examination were assessed together with cost reports from Tampere University Hospital for the calculation of savings per patient in spontaneous recovery. Alpha angles at one month of age (p < 0.001) and treatment method (p < 0.001) affected the number of clinical visits and ultrasound examinations during the treatment follow-up. A low alpha angle predicted closer follow-up, and children with spontaneous recovery had lower numbers of clinical visits and ultrasound examinations than children in abduction treatment. Spontaneous recovery was found to result in approximately 375€/patient savings compared to successful abduction treatment. With correct patient selection, a watchful waiting strategy is cost-effective in treating mild developmental dysplasia of the hip, considering the high percentage of spontaneous recovery. Watchful waiting strategy should be implemented to clinical practice when treating mild DDH as it seems safe and cost effective. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We address the problem of landholder participation in biodiversity offsetting, a policy tool based on principles of market-based incentives. Our study focuses on the working rules of offsetting, specifically the rights and responsibilities of landholders. Our case study is an application of biodiversity offsetting in the Greater Sydney Metropolitan area, New South Wales, Australia. We conduct empirical analysis of landholders' perceptions of their rights and responsibilities and subsequently apply an institutionalist perspective to infer implications for public policy reform. We find that landholders' perceptions of their rights and responsibility with regard to i) providing offsets, ii) receiving money for doing so, iii) land management, and iv) transferring the land, elicit diverse reasons for (non)participation in biodiversity offsets in the Greater Sydney Metropolitan area. Some landholders consider themselves in alignment with the current working rules of the scheme, others do not. We reflect on these findings by abductively inferring reasons for institutional reform. The broader significance of our study resides in its potential to inform institutional design in jurisdictions where established schemes are under review, or may become subject to review. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

On 14 April 1923, an attack upon the bungalow of Major Ellis in Kohat on India's North-West Frontier, resulted in the murder of Mrs Ellis and the abduction of their seventeenyear-old daughter, Mollie. Led by Ajab Khan Afridi, the abductors, fled into the independent territory of the Tirah Jowaki. The North-West Frontier represented a contested and strategically sensitive frontier open to both Russian encroachment and the machinations of the Amir of Afghanistan, whilst the Pathan tribal inhabitants were simultaneously characterised as 'savages' and independent warriors. Mollie Ellis's abduction brought into sharp relief the governance and security of the region that pivoted on John Loader Maffey as Chief Commissioner of the North-West Frontier Province. Using the hitherto unpublished collection of papers and letters from Maffey to his wife, Dorothy Gladys Huggins, an assessment of the political, strategic and financial limits of British power through the lens of the man on the ground will be possible. In the final assessment, the abduction of Mollie Ellis demonstrated that Britain's existence on this strategically sensitive frontier rested upon an uneasy coexistence between the Afghan Amir, the Frontier tribes and the limits of imperial endurance in both Delhi and London. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study explored effects of using isometric versus isokinetic maximal voluntary contractions (MVCs) to normalize EMG data from supraspinatus and infraspinatus subregions during isokinetic tasks. Participants performed submaximal isokinetic external rotation (ER) and scaption tasks at two speeds. Three isometric MVCs were used: seated ER; side-lying scaption; side-lying abduction. Isokinetic MVCs were performed in the same position and speeds as the experimental tasks. Data were normalized using peak EMG from reference tasks: MVC which produced the greatest amplitude overall (MEA), isometric MVC with greatest amplitude (isometric best), isokinetic MVC with greatest amplitude (isokinetic best), and the greatest amplitude from the isokinetic MVC that matched the experimental task (isokinetic matched). Mean %MVC from each experimental task/ sub-region were compared by normalization method. The isokinetic matched method versus the MEA method was significantly different in all comparisons with isokinetic matched resulting in relative normalized task values up to 162% greater. The isometric best method resulted in significantly greater %MVC 37% of the time compared to the MEA method, whereas there were no differences when using isokinetic best compared to MEA. Isokinetic MVCs are less likely to overestimate %MVC than isometric and their use should be considered when normalizing data from dynamic tasks. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Digital platforms have transformed various industries, with profound changes witnessed in settings characterized by repeated, low value, and novel transactions, such as ride sharing, household services, and food delivery. Platform providers need to understand the factor(s) that suppliers consider before choosing to participate on their platforms. We argue that multi-level theorizing is necessary to explain the patterns of decision criteria that constitute the complex, yet boundedly-rational decision of platform participation. We draw on multiple theoretical perspectives which include predictors from firm-level strategic behavior, firm-level digital predictors, institutional predictors, and platform level, competition and contextual (environmental) predictors to model restaurant’s decision to participate on food delivery platforms, which are an exemplar of platforms that digitize transactions of ubiquitous and episodic nature. The population of 95,735 restaurants, serving a total of 135 different cuisines, located in the 37 largest cities of India, forms the dataset for developing our multi-level theory. Our decision tree induction methodology, which employs high levels of pruning, empowers us to discover context-specific rules that serve as credible approximations of the partial ordering of decision flows tacitly used by restaurants in deciding to participate on platforms. We identify six combinations of predictors, that is, decision rules, which are situated in at least four theoretical perspectives, to succinctly explain supplier participation on digital platforms. Finally, we abduct away from these specific decision rules to develop generalizable theoretical propositions. The decision trees, context-specific rules, general forms of the rules, and generalized propositions together form our multi-level theory for supplier participation on digital platforms. Our findings aid platform providers identify suppliers who can be the focus of efforts to increase platform participation, and help suppliers identify the participation status of competitors. For policymakers, our findings imply that incentives at the ends of the pricing spectrum can increase supplier participation on digital platforms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Several tasks in artificial intelligence require the ability to find models about knowledge dynamics. They include belief revision, fusion and belief merging, and abduction. In this paper, we exploit the algebraic framework of mathematical morphology in the context of propositional logic and define operations such as dilation or erosion of a set of formulas. We derive concrete operators, based on a semantic approach, that have an intuitive interpretation and that are formally well behaved, to perform revision, fusion and abduction. Computation and tractability are addressed, and simple examples illustrate the main results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose was to evaluate the intra- and inter-session reliability of hip isometric strength assessment using a frame-stabilized dynamometer (FSD) and to compare the results in the hip adduction (ADD) and abduction (ABD) strength assessment using handheld dynamometer (HHD). Twenty participants (24.2 [2.6] years, 69.3 [10.0] kg) underwent testing on an FSD (ADD and ABD short and long-lever, internal [IR] and external rotation [ER] tests) and using an HHD (ADD and ABD long-lever tests). Analysis revealed excellent (ICC2.k > 0.90) relative intra-set and inter-set reliability for two visits and good reliability for test-retest results (ICC2.1 0.79–0.90), regardless of the test. Among the tests, SEM and MDC were the highest for the IR and ER results. In comparison with HHD, long-lever ADD strength was higher and long-lever ABD strength was lower when measured using FSD. Although both measurements have been shown to be highly reliable, the discrepancy between the devices exists. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Femoral torsion is an important parameter to accurately quantify when planning for the correction of structural pathomorphology. The purpose of this study was to quantify the influence of limb positioning during image acquisition and of alignment techniques on femoral torsion measurements, by measuring the change in femoral torsion angle, upon digital rotations that simulate flexion/extension and adduction/abduction positions of the femur. Femoral torsion measurements were reduced up to 1° and increased up to 0.35° per each degree of flexion and abduction, respectively. The estimation of femoral torsion measurements yielded a difference up to 5.8° between the aligned and non-aligned cases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper reports an empirical study on moral reasoning. It seeks to answer two questions: in the moral framing of tourism matters, what does this reasoning consist of? How are these elements mobilized by actors to reach moral pronouncement(s)? Through the means of group interviews, abduction and retroduction, this study finds that moral muteness (i.e. silence to socially unacceptable conduct) seems to be the moral pronouncement that the participants are likely to conduct in a condition whereby the social and cultural systems being perceived insufficient to protect individuals who pursue a righteous action. The analysis reveals that (1) moral template, reflexivity, self-efficacy and emotions are constitutive elements of moral agency; (2) these agential properties permit the emergence of four moral reasoning processes, which explain moral muteness. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

According to Gilbert Ryle, improvisation is a basic feature of ordinary action. In this paper, we take this idea seriously. Action is improvisation, in that it is situated: It is shaped by attentive responses to environmental circumstances. This is a crucial aspect of agency. However, it is neglected by causal theories of action (Bratman; Mele) and only partially addressed by Thompson's process-oriented theory. By resorting to Kant's theory of judgment, we argue for understanding action performance in terms of improvisational shaping of action in situ. The focus on improvisation points to a situated kind of practical rationality entailing the reciprocal shaping of intention and action instead of the ordinary instrumental kind of rationality of action as unidirectionally determined by intention. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We explicate the value and practices of 'serious play' in historical and organizational research. In particular, we draw on the philosophy of Charles Peirce to consider why and how playful methods are effective for abductive inference. Introducing the papers in this special issue, we highlight four playful practices: (a) creating and categorizing new sources, (b) seeing a new, (c) sensing connections, and (d) entertaining new representations. We discuss how each of these practices contribute to the generation of new hypotheses. Finally, we conclude by highlighting research and methodological practices with the aim of cultivating a more playful future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Lesson observation is frequently used in teacher induction programmes to support newly-qualified teachers in their reflection and classroom enquiry. This article uses an elaboration of Peirce's abduction to illustrate how the post-observation conversation supports a teacher's reflection on her teaching, and in particular, her teaching of language to young children. It shows that abduction involves an expert-like intuition, where the interaction and co-enquiry with the advisor was crucial. The analytical framework used is based on six modes of abductive reasoning or inference that deal with potential or possibility, three modes of induction dealing with actuality, and one mode of deduction focusing on rules and regulations. In a context of lifelong learning, with emphasis on teacher learning across the professional lifespan, the article shows how newly-qualified teachers can be supported in using abductive reasoning and engage in worthwhile classroom enquiry. The article contributes to edusemiotics, a recently developed direction in educational theory that explores the philosophical specifics of semiotics in educational contexts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: To evaluate the amplitude of movement in anophthalmic sockets reconstructed with conical or spherical orbital implants with and without an external ocular prosthesis (EOP), and whether the fornix depth could play a role. Methods: Prospective observational study involving unilateral anophthalmic sockets evaluated the amplitude of movement with conical (20 subjects) or spherical (16) non-porous orbital implants, with and without an EOP, having the contralateral eye as the control group. Standardized photographs were obtained in the four gaze directions and measurements were performed using the Image J software. The upper and lower fornix depths were measured using rulers. Results: Compared to the contralateral eye, the median movement amplitude without EOP was smaller with conical implants in supraduction (−0.88 mm, p=0.008), abduction (−2.26 mm, p<0.001) and adduction (−0.91 mm, p=0.008). Spherical implants had reduced movement only in abduction (−2.63 mm, p<0.001). Conical and spherical implants had similar amplitudes of movement in all versions, and were always smaller compared to the control. The median movement amplitude with the EOP was −3.05 mm (p=0.001) than without the EOP in abduction and −2.07 mm (p=0.020) in adduction, regardless of implant format. The fornix depth did not affect the orbital implants or EOP movement amplitude's median. Conclusion: Conical and spherical implants provide similar amplitude of movement and fornix depth did not have an influence on it. The amplitude of movement was significantly limited compared to the contralateral eye and was even more reduced if the EOP was in place with conical or spherical implant formats. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Experts agree that in 1990, Nepal established a truth commission to investigate disappearances that allegedly happened between 1960 and 1990. Little is known about this truth-seeking mechanism. Most of what has been published refers to the Mallik Commission, a better-known commission established also in 1990. This Research Note presents new data on the Committee on Disappearances. It examines the process through which the Committee came to be and speculates that the main purpose for its establishment might have been to examine the disappearances of seven people in relation to the 1985 bombing, a series of explosions targeting the monarchy. The Note presents the main findings compiled in the Committee's final report and examines the reasons why the final report was never published. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The gap between the intent and the impact of policy for construction in the UK has been well established both in academic literature and in public discourse, contributing to repeated calls for transformation of the industry. The apparent failure of policy was investigated, taking policy at sector level as the unit of analysis. The objective was to both generate insight into the policy process and to establish a theoretical framework. Anticipating that the use of language, and the conflicting meanings attached to it by individual actors, is critical, an interpretive, abductive, research design was adopted. Twenty semi-structured interviews were carried out with a cross-section of industry actors. Methods of political economy analysis, used in other contexts, were adopted as the starting point for abduction. Analysis revealed flawed assumptions amongst stakeholders regarding the extent of the agency of central government in implementing change across such a heterogeneous and loosely coupled sector. Political economy analysis shows the impact of structural and institutional features on the sector in a systemic and holistic way, providing a template and visual model which supports collaborative and reflexive working, and forming a foundation for further research into policy for construction both in the UK and elsewhere. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The creation of innovative and impactful communication theories depends on improving our theorizing practices. A grounded practical theory analysis of communication theory textbooks and exercises explored representations of theorizing and what it means for students to think like theorists. The analysis suggests that communication theory pedagogy embraces a model of theorizing as practical application where existing theories and deductive reasoning are used to understand communication situations and develop communication practices. Theorizing as practical invention is offered as a complementary approach to theorizing as practical application that centers on the creation of theories and explanations using abduction. Implications for communication theory pedagogy grounded in theorizing as practical invention are presented. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Child marriage is a problem that has continued to attract global attention. The media have been identified as critical to the fight against the scourge as it discusses the capacity to raise awareness of the issue as well as trigger action in solving the problem. The report of the alleged abduction of a minor, Ese Oruru by one Yunusa Dahiru for marriage jolted the nation and sparked public outcry for her release. This study explored newspaper framing of the incident. Drawing from qualitative frame analysis, it examined how Punch and Daily Trust newspapers framed the alleged abduction saga. The study found that there was contrastive framing of the incident with Punch newspaper portraying the issue as abduction while Daily Trust newspaper depicted it as elopement. The influence of socio-cultural leanings of these papers on the contrastive framing is discussed. The implication of the divergent framing of the saga on the fight against child marriage is highlighted. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article examines transformations in the marriage-slavery nexus in Northern Uganda from the late nineteenth century to the present. By historicizing the forced marriage of abducted girls in the Lord's Resistance Army, the article contributes to explaining why the interpretation of these circumstances has been so disputed in Uganda and internationally. It starts by examining different interpretations of the relationship between Dominic Ongwen and his forced wives. The Ongwen case is then contextualized in the history of female captivity and conjugal violence in Lango and Acholi societies. It is argued that enslavement in the form of wartime captivity was not irreconcilable with marriage in Northern Uganda in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, and that this history influences contemporary Lango and Acholi perceptions of these phenomena. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Temporally and spatial disaggregated datasets are commonly used to study political violence. Researchers are increasingly studying the data generation process itself to understand the selection processes by which conflict events are included in conflict datasets. This work has focused on conflict fatalities. In this research note, we explore how non-fatal conflict events are reported upon and enter into datasets of armed conflict. To do so, we compare reported non-fatal conflict events with the population of events in two direct observation datasets, collected using a boots-on-the-ground strategy: mass abductions in Nepal (1996–2006) and troop movements in Darfur. We show that at the appropriate level of aggregation media reporting on abductions in Nepal largely mirrors the "true" population of abductions, but at more disaggregated levels of temporal or spatial analysis, the match is poor. We also show that there is no overlap between a media-driven conflict dataset and directly-observed data on troop movements in Sudan. These empirics indicate that non-fatal data can suffer from serious underreporting and that this is particularly the case for events lacking elements of coercion. These findings are indicative of selection problems in regards to the reporting on non-fatal conflict events. Los conjuntos de datos desagregados temporal y espacialmente se utilizan de manera habitual para analizar la violencia política. Los investigadores estudian cada vez más el proceso de generación de datos para comprender los procesos de selección a través de los que se incluyen eventos de conflicto en los conjuntos de datos sobre conflictos. Este trabajo se centró en las víctimas fatales resultantes de los conflictos. En esta nota de investigación, exploramos cómo se informan los acontecimientos conflictivos no fatales y cómo se incorporan esos datos al conjunto de datos sobre conflictos armados. Para ello, comparamos los casos informados de acontecimientos conflictivos no fatales con el resto de los acontecimientos en dos conjuntos de datos de observación directa, recopilados mediante una estrategia de observación sobre el terreno: los secuestros masivos en Nepal (1996–2006) y los movimientos de tropas en Darfur. Demostramos que, en el nivel adecuado de agregación de datos, la información de los medios de comunicación sobre los secuestros en Nepal refleja en gran medida la verdadera cantidad de secuestros, pero, en niveles más desagregados del análisis temporal o espacial, la coincidencia es deficiente. También demostramos que no hay coincidencia entre un conjunto de datos sobre conflictos impulsados por los medios de comunicación y los datos recopilados mediante la observación directa durante los movimientos de tropas en Sudán. Estos datos empíricos indican que los casos de víctimas no fatales presentan un problema grave de infradeclaración, en especial, en hechos que carecen de elementos de coerción. Estos resultados indican problemas de selección en lo que respecta a la declaración de acontecimientos conflictivos no fatales. Des jeux de données désagrégées dans le temps et dans l'espace sont couramment utilisés pour étudier la violence politique. Des chercheurs étudient de plus en plus le processus de génération de données en lui-même pour comprendre les processus de sélection par lesquels les événements de conflits sont inclus dans les jeux de données sur les conflits. Mais ce travail se concentre sur les décès liés aux conflits. Dans cet exposé de recherche, nous étudions la manière dont les événements de conflits non mortels sont rapportés et inclus dans les jeux de données sur les conflits armés. Pour ce faire, nous comparons les événements de conflits non rapportés avec la population des événements de deux jeux de données d'observation directe recueillies à l'aide d'une stratégie de terrain : l'un de ces jeux de données concerne enlèvements de masse au Népal (1996–2006) et l'autre concerne les mouvements de troupes au Darfour. Nous montrons qu'au niveau d'agrégation approprié, les reportages des médias sur les enlèvements au Népal reflètent en grande partie la population réelle victime d'enlèvement, mais qu'à des niveaux plus désagrégés d'analyse dans le temps ou dans l'espace, la concordance est faible. Nous montrons également qu'il n'y a pas de recoupement entre le jeu de données sur les conflits alimenté par les médias et les données acquises par observation directe des mouvements de troupes au Soudan. Ces analyses empiriques indiquent que les données sur les événements non mortels souffrent d'une grave sous-déclaration et que c'est particulièrement le cas pour les événements dépourvus d'éléments de coercition. Ces résultats indiquent des problèmes de sélection en ce qui concerne les rapports sur les événements de conflits non mortels. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Heterodox economics emerged because of dissatisfaction with the high level of abstraction of neoclassical economics and its excessive reliance on mathematical modelling. Instead of ontological and epistemological references to the natural sciences, heterodox economists turn their attention to the social sciences and biology. The article aims to contribute to the discussion of methodology of heterodox economics and original institutionalism in particular. It explores the potential of content analysis for empirically oriented research in heterodox economics. Content analysis is widely used in the social sciences (sociology, linguistics, political sciences, legal studies) to analyze qualitative data (texts, images, videos) but is relatively unknown to heterodox economists. Content analysis takes several forms: qualitative, quantitative and mixed methods. It is argued that content analysis is not only compatible with the methodology of heterodox economics through critical realism but has a potential to contribute to its further development. With the help of content analysis, heterodox economists would be better equipped to collect and process qualitative data that prevail in social realms. A content analysis of a sample of articles published in Journal of Economic Issues (N = 763) in 1967–1969 and 2010–2019 informs the discussion of applications of content analysis to heterodox economics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Braindraw is a participatory technique in which participants collaboratively design the interface for a proposed solution. Conducting braindraw in different design situations is still a factor of difficulty for its use by human-computer interaction professionals in the software industry, as there is no set of basic guidelines to be followed. In this sense, this article presents a narrative literature review, a set of exploratory case studies to identify initial elements for braindraw conduction, and a case study to evaluate and improve the initial set of elements for braindraw conduction. We analyse the collected data using the thematic analysis method. This resulted in a set of guidelines for braindraw conduction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In accounts of the two-factor theory of delusional belief, the second factor in this theory has been referred to only in the most general terms, as a failure in the processes of hypothesis evaluation, with no attempt to characterise those processes in any detail. Coltheart and Davies ([2021]. How unexpected observations lead to new beliefs: A Peircean pathway. Consciousness and Cognition, 87, 103037. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.concog.2020.103037) attempted such a characterisation, proposing a detailed eight-step model of how unexpected observations lead to new beliefs based on the concept of abductive inference as introduced by Charles Sanders Peirce. In this paper, we apply that model to the explanation of various forms of delusional belief. We provide evidence that in cases of delusion there is a specific failure of the seventh step in our model: the step at which predictions from (delusional) hypotheses are considered in the light of relevant evidence. In the two-factor theory of delusional belief, the second factor consists of a failure to reject hypotheses in the face of disconfirmatory evidence. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Performative Topologies is part of Performative Diagrammatics, my ongoing artistic investigation of knowing and its relations to movement. In this report, I first lay out how the overarching framework, Performative Diagrammatics, draws on the interpreting mind of an 'artist as reader' to trace semantic, grammatical, and diagrammatic, abductive operations. I am interested in showing how a broader awareness of such operations can elicit regard for epistemic diversity. I then describe a Performative Topologies workshop held as part of an exhibition in Berlin. Developed with volunteers in Chicago and Weimar, Performative Topologies evolves through two successive circuits. The first circuit generates movement sequences through scripted, verbal prompts. The second circuit twins this emergent choreography with a feedback projection, topologically modified 360-degree video streaming in real time. As participants perform, an externalized, diagrammatic space emerges as participants enter a double consciousness, performing personal epistemes while contributing to a polyrhythmic, joint choreography. Such a diagrammatic space is one of great, symbolic possibility towards reconstructed relationships among individuals and their environments. Understood topologically, it is invariant and continuous. Because it cannot be cut, it does not require mending. It contains a vision of situated criticality built around endless modes of knowing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This research investigated how mobile apps influence the dynamic capabilities of service sector micro and small enterprises (MSEs) in Lagos, Nigeria. Using an abductive method, data from 388 service sector MSEs was examined through exploratory factor analysis. The resultant model suggests that mobile app usage barely increases the absorptive capability (integrating new learning into the organization) of MSEs; rather, it strongly influences the ability to seize opportunities. The result implies that mobile app usage by service sector MSEs in Lagos deviates from the conventional views on the micro foundations of the dynamic capability framework, which argues that sensed opportunities are first analysed (shaped) before resources are deployed towards their maximization. These findings suggest that the service sector MSEs in Lagos seldom scrutinize opportunities before deploying resources to seize them. This study extends IS literature on how mobile apps help MSEs to exploit business opportunities in resource-constrained contexts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abduction as a method for sociological explanation is increasingly gaining interest, but questions remain as to what exactly it is and how it differs from other methods of inquiry. This paper compares abduction as conceived in Peircean pragmatism with the critical realist concept of retroduction. I argue that abduction in the Peircean sense and retroduction in the critical realist sense refer to different, but complementary, modes of inference. Abductive conclusions provide the starting point for retroductive inferences; the latter inform the tenability of the former. Together, abduction and retroduction contribute to theoretical explanation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An examination of alien abduction belief can inform how we ought to approach constructing explanations of monothematic delusion formation. I argue that the formation and maintenance of alien abduction beliefs can be explained by a one-factor account, and that this explanatory power generalizes to (other) cases of monothematic delusions. There are no differences between alien abduction beliefs and monothematic delusions which indicate the need for additional explanatory factors in cases of the latter. I make the additional point that whilst alien abduction beliefs can be readily explained using a one-factor framework, the two-factor framework requires adjustment to accommodate them. I conclude that theorists interested in delusion formation have much to learn from the case of alien abduction belief. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Following release, former hostages face many challenges and may struggle to regain control over their lives. Research and evidence on how to effectively address the needs of hostages during their release and afterwards is lacking. The International Committee of the Red Cross has extensive experience in managing hostage situations and has strengthened the practice of care offered to its own affected staff by developing an inter-professional comprehensive seven phase care model adapted to incidents of extended duration with multiple stressors. This includes strong coordination between the different actors involved, combined with long-term peer, social and organisational support, as well as workplace reintegration with guidance by colleagues, and specialised counselling when necessary, to ensure positive outcomes, and minimise permanent sequelae. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The significance of Re NY The availability of the inherent jurisdiction That the Children Act has not ousted the inherent jurisdiction in private law proceedings is an important result of I Re NY i . But there are additional reasons in the abduction context: it avoids problems of court level as both Hague proceedings and those under the inherent jurisdiction are High Court proceedings, whereas Children Act proceedings are not. Ironically, proceedings under inherent jurisdiction I are i "family proceedings", which means that in Convention proceedings, the inherent jurisdiction must be invoked to be able to make a s 8 order on the court's own motion. [Extracted from the article]

Various abductive research approaches have been foregrounded in the literature in recent years. This paper joins the literature on engaging with abductive research approaches, and proposes the term of 'informed guessing' as a way to think about enacting educational research abductively to allow new concepts, ideas and insights to come into being. Informed guessing is triggered by a surprising encounter, and the researcher attempts to understand that encounter (a little) differently by making relations and connections among disparate entities (e.g. concepts and objects). In informed guessing, theories and concepts play an important role by allowing one to refer to 'invisible' structures as well as for the enactment of defamiliarization, which allows for alternative understandings. Informed guessing is illustrated through an instance of my research enactment on the U.S. school choice lottery system. I conclude by raising concern about the relation between abduction and deduction in informed guessing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper undertakes a detailed reading of BVS' novel Sundarī. Commenting on the as yet uncertain and experimental form of the modernist novel, the essay demonstrates how fiction and history, genealogy and folksong, contribute to the heteroglossia and polysemy of this much read and analyzed book. Through characters like Lakhpat Rai and his own ancestor Kaura Mal, BVS explores the relations between Hindus and Sikhs. Through Sundari, her multiple abductions and escapades, he constructs notions of Muslimness, but also of purity of Sikhness, besides creating a character representing an ideal Sikh woman, invested in her own chastity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In eye movement examination, video-oculographic monocular recording has become more popular than electro-oculographic binocular recording. The aim of this study was to examine the characteristics of monocular movements recorded using video-oculography. In 66 healthy subjects, the horizontal saccades and smooth pursuit eye movements of the right eye within a range of 30º were evaluated using a video-oculographic eye movement recording system. Saccade latency, velocity, accuracy, and smooth pursuit gain were measured and analysed by age and direction. Saccade parameters (latency, velocity, and amplitude) and smooth pursuit gain deteriorated with age in healthy subjects. Saccade velocity and accuracy were significantly larger during adduction than during abduction. The smooth pursuit gain did not differ between adduction and abduction. In conclusion, unlike smooth pursuit eye movements, saccadic eye movements have adduction-abduction asymmetry. In video-oculographic monocular recording of saccades, it is necessary to recognise the possibility of the existence of adduction-abduction asymmetry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The employment of female suicide bombers continues to be a trend among terrorist organisations. Due to their sensationalist nature, suicide bombings attract extensive media attention and are often covered through different, though intentional, lenses. While existing literature has identified various frames that the media used to portray female suicide bombers, there is not yet a study focusing on the framing of those affiliated with Boko Haram, an organisation known for its high rate of children and women involved in suicide attacks. Investigating media coverage of suicide bombing events carried out by Boko Haram's female bombers after the Chibok abduction reveals two prominent frames: the liable agents frame, which is utilised mostly in local sources, and the vulnerable and helpless girls frame, in international sources. While a polarised construction of Boko Haram's female suicide bombers can have both negative and positive implications, a comprehensive portrayal that treats these women as more than either perpetrators of violence or victims is needed. This can only be accomplished if journalists understand the consequences of their news writing routines and the media sources' organisational pressures and constraints are adjusted to accommodate a more complex representation of the female suicide bombers in Boko Haram. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Currently, there is a focus in science education on preparing students for lives as innovative and resilient citizens of the twenty-first century. Key to this is providing students with opportunities, mainly through inquiry processes, for discovery making and developing their creative reasoning by bringing school science closer to authentic science. I propose, building on the work of Woods, Magnani and the authors of a 2005 special issue of Educational Philosophy and Theory on Peirce, that these efforts can be advanced through the adoption of a Peircean logic of discovery in the science classroom. I further suggest that this can only take place if a classical logic that frames school science, which deems abduction—the creative element of reasoning that drives discovery—as fallacious and not valuable as an inference making process, is replaced with a naturalised logic. Such a logic positions students as practical, not ideal agents of reasoning who in their hypothesis making are inferential-experts not inferential-misfits. In doing so, I propose that actualising Peirce's vision of education is advanced, particularly as regards science education. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article presents a study which presents photovoice evidence on how formerly abducted women in post-conflict situations reassert their humanity and improve their conditions in a hostile environment. The study focuses on women abducted by the Lord's Resistance Army (LRA), during a conflict between the Government of Uganda ad the LRA, their efforts to rebuild their lives in Gulu, Uganda, and the impact of the abduction on how they are perceived by their communities and how they view themselves.

Efforts to formalize qualitative accounts of inference to the best explanation (IBE) confront two obstacles: the imprecise nature of such accounts and the unusual logical properties that explanations exhibit, such as contradiction-intolerance and irreflexivity. This paper aims to surmount these challenges by utilising a new, more precise theory that treats explanations as expressions that codify defeasible inferences. To formalise this account, we provide a sequent calculus in which IBE serves as an elimination rule for a connective that exhibits many of the properties associated with the behaviour of the English expression 'That...best explains why...'. We first construct a calculus that encodes these properties at the level of the turnstile, i.e. as a metalinguistic expression for classes of defeasible consequence relations. We then show how this calculus can be conservatively extended over a language that contains a best-explains-why operator. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

While marriage rates in South Africa are exceptionally low, ukuthwala ('abduction marriage,' or 'bride abduction') appears to be increasing in some rural communities despite declining rates of marriage overall. Moreover, contemporary abductions seem to be increasingly characterised by gendered violence. Drawing on 18 months of ethnographic fieldwork in a rural Xhosa village, in this article I link the growing incidence and escalating violence of contemporary ukuthwala to the decline of the migrant labour system, and secondarily, to ideological transformations in desired forms of conjugal intimacy. Grounded in ethnographic fieldwork, I discuss contemporary forms of ukuthwala as an outcome of loss of security and status for older women, masculine economic marginalisation, and a growing conviction among young women that marriage should be premised on autonomous spousal choice. In so doing, I show connections between contemporary ukuthwala and broader issues of political economy, domesticity, and gendered and generational sociality. Situating ukuthwala within broader social, economic, and political contexts, as I do in this article, can offer a richer appreciation of the motivations and moral values that scaffold it, and can contribute to broader conversations about violence, social change, gendered and generational struggles in South Africa today. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Policy exemplars offer potential value to policy professionals seeking new ideas. Realizing that value typically assumes a learnerwho is both equippedwith awell-specified policy or process objective and able tomodel causal connections to extract lessons. Yet there is a gap in explicating how, exactly, policy professionals find ideas worth pursuing. This article draws on the concepts of abduction and phronesis - broadly a flash of insight and practical judgement, occasioned by an observation - to fill that gap. The natural capabilities associated with abduction and phronesis rely on noticing what stands out, making analogical connections, and discerning which connections merit following up. With attention to these capabilities, policy professionals can extend their learning of transferable lessons from single cases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study examines the news framing of the Chibok schoolgirls' abduction of 2014 in the Nigerian press. Eighty-one news stories were extracted from the websites of two Nigerian newspapers, Vanguard and Daily Trust, to analyse the news frames and sources used in reporting the abduction. The study shows that the Chibok abduction was framed as mass abduction, as terrorism and Islamic militancy, and as government inaction, and that the analysed newspapers used these frames in ways that suggested ethnic solidarity. Government sources were the dominant source group in the analysed newspapers and alternative sources such as family members of abducted schoolgirls or experts were excluded from the narrative. The study argues that the coverage of the attack in the Nigerian media had elements of ethnic bias that could potentially increase fear of the "other" and, thus, further polarise the country along ethnic and religious lines. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The growing trend of co-creation and co-design in cross-cultural design teams presents challenges for the design thinking process. We integrate two frameworks, one on reasoning patterns in design thinking, the other on the dynamic constructivist theory of culture, to propose a situation specific framework for the empirical analysis of design thinking in cross-cultural teams. We illustrate the framework with a qualitative analysis of 16 episodes of design related conversations, which are part of a design case study. The results show that cultural knowledge, either as shared by the cross-cultural team or group specific knowledge of some team members, shape the reasoning patterns in the design thinking process across all the 16 episodes. Most of the design discussions were approached by the designers as problem situations that were formulated in a backward direction, where the value to create was known first. Then the designers were using available cultural knowledge to articulate the unknown what to design (products/services) and how the design would work (the working principles of product/services). In conclusion, we demonstrate a novel approach for understanding how cultural knowledge shapes core design thinking in specific situations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper studies abduction in abstract argumentation frameworks. Given an argument, an agent verifies whether the argument is justified or not in its argumentation framework. If the argument is not justified in the argumentation framework, the agent seeks conditions to explain the justification state by hypothesising arguments in the universal argumentation framework. We formulate such abductive reasoning in argumentation semantics and provide its computation in logic programming. We also apply abduction to enforcement and simple dialogue games in argumentation frameworks. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this article, we propose a process-based definition of big data, as opposed to the size- and technology-based definitions. We argue that big data should be perceived as a continuous, unstructured and unprocessed dynamics of primitives, rather than as points (snapshots) or summaries (aggregates) of an underlying phenomenon. Given this, we show that big data can be generated through agent-based models but not by equation-based models. Though statistical and machine learning tools can be used to analyse big data, they do not constitute a big data-generation mechanism. Furthermore, agent-based models can aid in evaluating the quality (interpreted as information aggregation efficiency) of big data. Based on this, we argue that agent-based modelling can serve as a possible foundation for big data. We substantiate this interpretation through some pioneering studies from the 1980s on swarm intelligence and several prototypical agent-based models developed around the 2000s. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper discusses the extent to which the availability of unprecedentedly rich data-sets and the need for new approaches – both epistemological and computational – is an emerging issue for Macroeconomics. By adopting an evolutionary approach, we describe the paradigm shifts experienced in the macroeconomic research field and emphasize that the types of data the macroeconomist has to deal with play an important role in the evolutionary process of the development of the discipline. After introducing the current debate over Big Data in social sciences, the paper presents a detailed discussion of possible and existing interactions between Big Data and Computational Behavioral Macroeconomics. We argue that Big Data applied to economic questions can lead to new styles of thinking and research methods, namely to the development of a new research paradigm. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]