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Diabetic kidney disease is associated with the dysbiosis of the gut microbiota and its metabolites. db/db mice were fed chow diet with or without 0.4% resveratrol for 12 weeks, after which the gut microbiota, faecal short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), and renal fibrosis were analysed. Resveratrol ameliorated the progression of diabetic kidney disease and alleviated tubulointerstitial fibrosis. Further studies showed that gut microbiota dysbiosis was modulated by resveratrol, characterised by the expansion of SCFAs-producing bacteria Faecalibaculum and Lactobacillus, which increased the concentrations of SCFAs (especially acetic acid) in the faeces. Moreover, microbiota transplantation experiments found that alteration of the gut microbiota contributed to the prevention of diabetic kidney disease. Acetate treatment ameliorated proteinuria, glomerulosclerosis and tubulointerstitial fibrosis in db/db mice. Overall, resveratrol improved the progression of diabetic kidney disease by suppressing tubulointerstitial fibrosis, which may be involved, at least in part, in the regulation of the gut microbiota-SCFAs axis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, we study the existence of non-trivial solutions for a class of second-order difference equations with resonance at both infinity and zero by using the critical point theory, the minimax methods and the Morse theory. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

Treatment of 2-methyl-1H-imidazole-4,5-dicarboxylic acid (H3MIA) with Co(NO3)2 in the presence of 4,4'-bipyridine (4,4'-bipy) under hydrothermal condition, yielded one novel two-dimensional (2-D) coordination polymer [Co(HMIA)(H2O)(4,4'-bipy)0.5]·H2On (1). Single-crystal structural study reveals that the complex incorporates alternate left- and right-handed helical chains by 4,4'-bipy linkages. This is the first example of 2-D Co(II) helical coordination polymer with mixed HMIA and 4,4'-bipy ligands. Its thermal properties are also investigated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

One novel Pb(II) coordination polymer formulated as [Pb(4-PyCOO)2]n (1) (Py = C5H4N) has been hydrothermally synthesized. The molecular structure of the polymer has been characterized by elemental analysis, IR and single crystal X-ray diffraction. The complex possesses three-dimensional solid-state structure. The thermal property of the complex has been determined. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]