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Digital finance is reshaping trade credit. This study investigates the influence of digital finance on trade credit among A-share listed companies in China from 2011 to 2020. The paper matches this data with city-level digital finance index (DFI) data. Empirical results indicate that digital finance significantly benefits trade credit. This impact occurs through bank competition, regulatory penalties, and disclosure quality channels. Different levels of digital finance development and financing constraints of companies have a varying impact on trade credit. This paper provides a new perspective on trade credit in the firm's supply chain that enriches theoretical research on digital finance. The research results can help the country to implement digital finance development strategy better and offer relevant guidance and reference. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In graphene electronics applications, in order to obtain the size and pattern required for the device, it is often necessary to photolithography the graphene after growth, resulting in contamination of graphene by the photoresist which have doping effect. Therefore, in order to avoid this effect, this article focused on directly grown patterned graphene. Based on atmospheric pressure chemical vapour deposition (APCVD) technology, patterned graphene was successfully grown on SiO2/Si by metal proximity catalytic effect. The patterned graphene was characterized by Raman spectroscopy and optical microscope. The effects of parameters such as gas flow, growth temperature, and growth time on the growth of patterned graphene were explored, and the best results were obtained. Metal copper and cobalt thin films were used for assisted catalysis, respectively, and the mechanism of metal proximity catalysis was explored. The experimental results showed that proximity catalysis is a catalytic growth mechanism based on surface diffusion. The growth method avoids using photolithography to make patterns, and can grow patterned graphene on insulating substrates or semiconductors in one step, which is of great significance for making patterned graphene and applying them to semiconductor devices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

HGH1 homolog, a protein-coding gene, plays a crucial role in human growth and development. However, its role in human cancer remains unclear. For the first time, this study comprehensively evaluated the potential involvement of HGH1 in cancer prognosis and immunological function. To achieve this, data from various databases, including The Cancer Genome Atlas, Genotype Tissue Expression, Cancer Cell Lineage Encyclopedia, Human Protein Atlas, cBioPortal, Tumor Immune Estimation Resource and Immune Cell Abundance Identifier, were collated, as well as from one large clinical study, three immunotherapy cohorts and in vitro experiments. This study aims to elucidate the role of HGH1 expression in cancer prognosis and immune response. Our findings revealed a significant association between increased HGH1 expression and a worse prognosis across various cancer types. Predominantly, copy number variations were identified as the most common genetic mutations. Additionally, HGH1 was observed to not only regulate cell cycle-related functions to promote cell proliferation but also influence autoimmunity-related functions within both the innate and adaptive immune systems, along with other relevant immune-related signaling pathways. Gene set enrichment analysis and gene set variation analysis were used to substantiate these findings. HGH1 overexpression contributed to an immune-deficient (immune-desert) tumor microenvironment, which was characterized by a significant expression of immune-related features such as immune-related gene and pathway expression and the number of immune-infiltrating cells. Furthermore, the correlation between HGH1 expression and tumor mutational burden in four cancers and microsatellite instability in eight cancers was observed. This suggests that HGH1 has potential as an immunotherapeutic target. Immunotherapy data analysis supports this notion, demonstrating that patients with low HGH1 expression treated with immune checkpoint inhibitors exhibit improved survival rates and a higher likelihood of responding to immunotherapy than patients with high HGH1 expression. Collectively, these findings highlight the significant role of HGH1 in human cancers, illuminating its involvement in tumorigenesis and cancer immunity. Elevated HGH1 expression was identified to be indicative of an immune-desert tumor microenvironment. Consequently, the targeting of HGH1, particularly in combination with immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy, holds promise for enhancing therapeutic outcomes in patients with cancer. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper extends the high-order compact gas-kinetic scheme (CGKS) to flow simulations on a rotating coordinate frame. The kinetic equation with the inclusion of centrifugal and Coriolis accelerations is used in the construction of the scheme. With the updates of both cell-averaged flow variables and their gradients in the rotating and stationary domains, a third-order compact reconstruction is developed with sliding interface between them. To capture shock waves and complicated wave interactions, the HWENO-type non-linear reconstruction and gradient compression factors are incorporated in the scheme. For achieving high-order time accuracy, based on the time-accurate flux function the multi-stage multi-derivative time stepping method is implemented in the scheme for the fourth-order time accuracy with two stages. The CGKS is validated in cases from subsonic acoustic wave propagation to high Mach number shock interaction. The compact scheme achieves high-order accuracy and remarkable robustness. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An integrated polishing and in-situ measurement machine tool with seven-axis and five-linkage is developed for manufacturing and measuring the complex curved surface such as blisk. Firstly, this paper introduces the structure and configuration of the machine tool. Then, the kinematic analyses of the polishing side and measuring side of the machine tool are carried out respectively and the inverse kinematic solutions of them are derived. The motion of each axis can be calculated based on the tool location of the complex curved surface through the inverse kinematic solution. Aiming at the in-situ measurement of parts with complex curved surfaces, the forward kinematic solution, the processing of measured data of blade surface and the calculation algorithm of the machining allowance are developed in the paper. Finally, the above algorithms are verified by polishing the experimental stainless-steel sample. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Laser electrochemical compound deposition (LECD), which introduces a high-energy laser beam into the process of electrochemical deposition, has the advantages of a higher deposition rate and better machining quality. With the multiple-field characteristic coupling of LECD, the multi-physics simulation software, COMSOL, was selected to perform simulations to ascertain the influence of laser irradiation on electrochemical deposition. Here, the finite element model of LECD was established, the simulation of electric coupling with temperature and flow field was performed and the main forms of mass transfer were studied. The results demonstrate that the LECD process is primarily diffusion controlled. An electrodeposition rate experiment and local electrodeposition experiment were carried out for confirmation purposes. The experimental results of the electrodeposition rate study were consistent with the simulation results. Patterned localised electrodeposition was realised by LECD because of the enhanced effect of the laser irradiation on electrodeposition. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

New advancements in technology have made machines teachers, or technology-powered robots or AI that assist in the overall learning experience, a possibility. Though adoption rates are currently low, colleges and universities will likely incorporate some aspects of machine teachers (e.g., AI, robots) in their curriculums in the foreseeable future. However, little is known about how to create an effective machine teacher-based education. As an initial step, the present study examines whether an AI instructor's communication style would have an impact on students' perceptions about an AI instructor-based education. To test this inquiry, the study conducted an online experiment using a 2 (communication styles: functional vs. relational) x 2 (course topic: natural science vs. social science) between-subjects design. Primary results indicate that students develop more favorable perceptions about an AI instructor-based education when the AI instructor is relational rather than functional. This tendency is particularly strong when listening to a social science lecture. Further, social presence of an AI instructor functions as a mediator, which explains the reason why a relational AI instructor leads to more favorable perceptions about an AI instructor-based education is because of one's social presence of an AI instructor. Collectively, the study's findings indicate the importance of communication styles and social presence of an AI instructor. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The residence properties of gas-solid phases are important to the design and process optimization of a COREX shaft furnace. In this study, we investigated the gas-solid residence time distribution by using a coupled CFD-DEM model. The effects of the center gas supply device (CGD) on the average residence time, variance, and volume fraction of the gas and solid phases were analyzed. The results revealed that the average residence time, dispersed plug volume fraction, and well-mixed volume increased, while the variance and the dead volume fraction of the gas phase decreased for the shaft furnace with CGD. The average residence time and the dispersed plug volume fraction of the solid phase decreased in the shaft furnace with CGD. The dead volume fraction and well-mixed volume fraction increased with the introduction of CGD. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, a compact gas-kinetic scheme (CGKS) for compressible flow is constructed on hybrid unstructured mesh. Based on high-order gas evolution model at cell interfaces both cell-averaged flow variables and their gradients can be updated in CGKS and used in a compact third-order multi-resolution WENO reconstruction. In the precious CGKS, the flow variables at a cell interface are assumed to be continuous in space in the update of cell-averaged slopes. In order to improve the robustness of the scheme in discontinuous region in three-dimensional space, a compression factor for the cell-averaged gradients is proposed to take into account the possible discontinuity at cell interfaces. The accuracy of the scheme doesn't deteriorate with the implementation of the compression factor. Numerical tests from incompressible to hypersonic flow are presented to validate the high-order CGKS and demonstrate the effectiveness of the gradient compression factor for three-dimensional flow simulation on unstructured mesh. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ag/AgCl reference electrode is widely used in electrochemical and photoelectrochemical measurement. In this paper, we developed a solid-state thin film Ag/AgCl quasi-reference electrode modified by chitosan-graphene. The quasi-reference electrode consisted of Ag layer (deposited by magnetron sputtering), AgCl layer (chloridized by NaClO solution), and modification membrane. The performance of a bared Ag/AgCl electrode, an Ag/AgCl electrode modified by chitosan, graphene, and by chitosan-graphene respectively was investigated. Surface morphology, energy spectrum, and electrochemical experiments were conducted in four Ag/AgCl electrodes with different modifications, respectively. With the surface morphology and energy spectrum analysis, the thickness of Ag layer and the conversion of Ag to AgCl were verified firstly. Then the durability, reversibility, and CV behavior were tested in different solutions. The results demonstrated excellent features of the Ag/AgCl quasi-reference electrode modified by chitosan-graphene in all measurements. The developed quasi-reference electrode can be applied in pH measurement, electrochemical tests, and photoelectrochemical test. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An increase in demand for online education has led to the creation of a new technology, machine teachers, or artificial intelligence (AI) teaching assistants. In fact, AI teaching assistants have already been implemented in a small number of courses in the United States. However, little is known about how students will perceive AI teaching assistants. Thus, the present study investigated students' perceptions about AI teaching assistants in higher education by use of an online survey. Primary findings indicate that perceived usefulness of an AI teaching assistant and perceived ease of communication with an AI teaching assistant are key to understanding an eventual adoption of AI teaching assistant-based education. These findings provide support for AI teaching assistant adoption. Based on the present study's findings, more research is needed to better understand the nuances associated with the learning experience one may have from an AI teaching assistant. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Chemical vapor deposition (CVD) is one of the most important methods for the preparation of graphene. Graphene is usually prepared using horizontal tube CVD (HT-CVD) method. However, the preparation of this method is too long, generally more than 2 h. In this article, a method called vertical cold-wall CVD (VCW-CVD) method was introduced for graphene preparation. Due to the vertical angle between direction of gas flow and sample surface, the reaction process of this method for graphene preparation is only 1 min. Accordingly, in this article, the modified parameter of graphene preparation by this method was discussed. Besides, the VCW-CVD graphene had an equal quality with the HT-CVD graphene, which was proved by measurement of conductivity, transmittance and heat stability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A compact high-order gas-kinetic scheme (GKS) with spectral resolution will be presented and used in the simulation of acoustic and shock waves. Based on high-order gas evolution model, the GKS provides a time accurate solution at a cell interface, from which both time accurate flux function and flow variables can be obtained for updating cell averaged conservative flow variables and gradients. Based on cell-averaged flow variables and gradients, a reconstruction with compact stencil up to eighth-order spacial accuracy can be achieved, which include the nonlinear reconstruction for initial non-equilibrium state and linear reconstruction for the equilibrium one. The GKS unifies the nonlinear and linear reconstruction through a time evolution process at a cell interface from the non-equilibrium state to an equilibrium one. In the smooth acoustic wave region, the linear reconstruction will contribute mainly to the evolution. In the non-equilibrium shock region, the nonlinear reconstruction will play a dominant role. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The effects of gamma irradiation on the DC and AC characteristics of InGaP/GaAs single heterojunction bipolar transistors (SHBTs) are investigated comprehensively for the first time, which is based on experimental data before irradiation, after irradiation and after annealing. A simplified VBIC device model is developed to describe the DC and AC characteristics of the devices. The model parameters are extracted from experimental data before irradiation, after irradiation and after annealing. Finally, the degraded rates of model parameters are used to study the radiation-induced degradation of the device performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Robots are becoming prevalent as they could socially interact with humans and provide service or companionship. As people attribute personality traits to machines, the personality of robot (POR) has attracted considerable scholarly attention from researchers of human-robot interaction. However, due to the complexity of personality, the ways to design personality into robotics vary on a wide range. This systematic review attempts to map the approaches to designing the personality of robot and understand its effects on human-robot interaction. Following the guidelines of the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses, a review of 40 peer-reviewed publications was conducted. The conceptualization, operationalization, contextualization and effects of POR were summarized in the review. In general, positive POR was preferred and associated with desirable social responses. Suggestions on future design of robotics were discussed. Specifically, it is recommended that the design of POR should match users' expectations in different social contexts. Social cues such as eye gaze, gestures, and voice should be applied at a self-explanatory level to help users efficiently predict and engage with the behaviors of social robots. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Field practice shows that, joints have very adverse influence on crack formation in the protective layer of rock mass, during blasting excavation. To improve the crack formation in rock mass with filled joints, V-shaped notch blasting method is conducted in simulation and site. It can be seen from the calculation in dynamic finite element method that the V-shaped notch boreholes played a certain role of guiding energy in rock blasting excavation, the crack is generated along the hole attachment when the radial decoupling charging coefficient is.198. Studies show that, when a layer of filled joint is at the middle point of the attachment of notch borehole, the compressive stress at the middle point of filled joint will increase as the angle between the joint and the borehole attachment increases. When the angle is 15°, the damage depth of surrounding rock, d ≈ 3R; the angle is 30°and 45°, d > R; the angle is 60°, 75°and 90°, d ≤ R, the penetration crack between adjacent boreholes can be formed along the borehole attachment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Brucellosis is one of the most common zoonotic diseases with widespread distribution. Traditional methods for diagnosis of brucellosis require long determination times with complex instruments that do not meet the needs of rapid, simple, and convenient analysis. Thus, a newly rapid and simple method for the colorimetric diagnosis of brucellosis was developed using a paper-based enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (p-ELISA). A total of 135 serum samples were analyzed including 33 samples as healthy controls, 77 samples as the positive group with brucellosis, and 25 samples were infected with other bacteria. The major parameters were optimized for the reported protocol. To evaluate the method, receiver operating characteristic analysis and statistical analysis were carried out using these serum samples. In the established p-ELISA system, only 5 ml of serum were required to detect the antibodies of human brucellosis in suspected brucellosis patients in less than 2 hours. The receiver operating characteristic curve was plotted, and the area under the curve of receiver operating characteristic was 0.996 and shown to be a highly accurate diagnostic test. The sensitivity was determined to be 0.961, the specificity 0.983, and the cutoff value 2.260. The gray scale intensity of the human brucellosis patients group was significantly higher than for the healthy and the non-brucellosis patient groups (p 0.001). This newly developed system allows the rapid and easy diagnosis of human brucellosis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Context: A further examination of a novel miRNA,miR-1165-3p as a biomarker for asthma, which was previously implicated in helper T cells (Th2) in a murine asthma model. Objective: To determine whether serum miR-1165-3p can serve as a potential diagnostic biomarker for allergic asthma. Methods: Serum miR-1165-3p was quantified via quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) in asthmatic and control samples. Serum miR-1165-3p levels were compared between groups and the clinical diagnostic abilities of miR-1165-3p were evaluated. The analyses utilized included a student's t test, one-way ANOVA, and the generation of receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves. Results: Serum miRNA-1165-3p levels were significantly elevated in asthmatics when compared to the healthy controls. Furthermore, the sensitivity and specificity of serum miR-1165-3p were found to be 83% and 68.2%. Additionally, serum miR-1165-3p levels were also found to be significantly elevated in patients with allergic rhinitis (AR) or allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis (ABPA). Conclusions: This study showed that serum miR-1165-3p can potentially be utilized as a noninvasive biomarker that is able to aid in the diagnosis and characterization of allergic asthma. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The traditional models for VIVPEH (piezoelectric energy harvesting from vortex-induced vibration) are focused on a circular cylinder. In the present paper, a VIVPEH model was built to solve an aero-electromechanical coupling problem during VIVPEH with different cross-sectional shapes. The model was verified by a wind tunnel test. One key benefit of the present model is that the region from the initial position to the threshold of the lock-in region along the voltage time history curve can be calculated quite accurately compared with traditional methods. The present method will significantly contribute to the design and optimization of the key factors of VIVPEH, e.g., the bluff body shape and the electrical circuit. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

For the one-stage third-order gas-kinetic scheme (GKS), successful applications have been achieved for the three-dimensional compressible flows [Pan, L., K. Xu, Q. Li, and J. Li. 2016. "An Efficient and Accurate Two-stage Fourth-order Gas-kinetic Scheme for the Navier-Stokes Equations." Journal of Computational Physics 326: 197-221]. The high-order accuracy of the scheme is obtained by integrating a multidimensional time-accurate gas distribution function over the cell interface within a time step without using Gaussian quadrature points and Runge-Kutta time-stepping technique. However, to the further increase of the order of the scheme, such as the fourth-order one, the one step formulation becomes very complicated for the multidimensional flow. Recently, a two-stage fourth-order GKS with high efficiency has been constructed for two-dimensional inviscid and viscous flow computations ([Li, J., and Z. Du. 2016. "A Two-stage Fourth Order Time-accurate Discretization for Lax-Wendroff Type Flow Solvers I. Hyperbolic Conservation Laws." SIAM Journal on Scientific Computing 38: 3046-3069]; Pan et al. 2016), and the scheme uses the time accurate flux function and its time derivatives. In this paper, a fourth-order GKS is developed for the three-dimensional flows under the two-stage framework. Based on the three-dimensional WENO reconstruction and flux evaluation at Gaussian quadrature points on a cell interface, the high-order accuracy in space is achieved first. Then, the two-stage time stepping method provides the high accuracy in time. In comparison with the formal third-order GKS [Pan, L., and K. Xu. 2015. "A Third-order Gas-kinetic Scheme for Three-dimensional Inviscid and Viscous Flow Computations." Computers & Fluids 119: 250-260], the current fourth-order method not only improves the accuracy of the scheme, but also reduces the complexity of the gas-kinetic flux solver greatly. More importantly, the fourth-order GKS has the same robustness as the second-order shock capturing scheme [Xu, K. 2001. "A Gas-kinetic BGK Scheme for the Navier-Stokes Equations and its Connection with Artificial Dissipation and Godunov Method." Journal of Computational Physics 171: 289-335]. Numerical results validate the outstanding reliability and applicability of the scheme for three-dimensional flows, such as the cases related to turbulent simulations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A competitive chemiluminescence immunoassay which can be used for point-of-care testing and blood screening of metoprolol is reported. Four haptens for metoprolol were synthesized. An octanedioic acid-modified hapten was conjugated with bovine serum albumin to serve as the immunogen and the haptens were conjugated with ovalbumin for the coating antigen. Polyclonal antibodies for metoprolol were produced and the detection conditions were optimized. A competitive chemiluminescence immunoassay was established based on the produced antibody with potential for bedside therapeutic monitoring of metoprolol. The limit of detection in phosphate-buffered saline was 2 ng mL−1. Satisfactory recovery values from 89.3 to 107.6% in plasma were achieved. The results provided by the reported method were consistent with values obtained by high-performance liquid chromatography for pharmacokinetic studies. The immunoassay has potential to be developed as a test kit offering a simple and cost-effective approach for on-site monitoring of metoprolol. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

Purpose: To investigate whether interleukin-1 alpha (IL1A) and interleukin-1 beta (IL1B) polymorphisms are associated with keratoconus (KC) in unrelated Chinese Han patients. Methods: TheIL1A(rs2071376) andIL1B(rs1143627, rs16944) polymorphisms were genotyped in 115 unrelated Chinese Han KC patients and 101 healthy Chinese Han volunteers with the Sequenom MassARRAY RS1000. Sequenom Typer 4.0 software, PLINK 1.07, Haploview 4.0 software platform were used to analyze the allelic variants ofIL1AandIL1Bgenes, and their association with KC risk factors were assessed. Results: Among the variants, the three SNPs (rs2071376 inIL1A, rs1143627 and rs16944 in the promoter region ofIL1B) were different between the two groups. The A allele of rs2071376 (A > C,p = 0.017, OR = 1.968, 95% C.I. 1.313–3.425), the C allele of rs1143627 (C > T,p < 0.001, OR = 2.864, 95% C.I. 1.631–4.968) and the A allele of rs16944 (A > G,p = 0.002, OR = 2.401, 95% C.I. 1.396–4.161) were associated with a increased risk of KC in Chinese Han patients. This study showed that rs2071376, rs1143627 and rs16944 had significant differences in associations between KC patients and the control group when different genotypes were analyzed in three models (dominant, recessive, and additive). In the haplotype analysis, the two single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), rs1143627 and rs16944 showed strong linkage disequilibrium. In addition, Haplotype “ACA” was found to be associated with a higher risk of developing KC (OR = 12.91,p < 0.001). Conclusion: Keratocyte apoptosis is an initiating event in the pathogenesis of KC which could be induced by the altered levels of IL1 gene. These findings confirmed that polymorphisms inIL1genes were associated with risk of KC in the Chinese Han population, which help us to gain insight into the pathogenesis of KC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract Robots and artificial intelligence (AI) have seen increased adoption in healthcare. These health technologies have the capability of providing tailored messages and feedback to each individual. Thus, a robot can potentially serve as a personal health advisor, particularly for health issues that could be benefited through regular guidance and instructions. However, there is a limited understanding of how people might respond to the idea that their health advisor could be a robot. Thus, the present study employs the technology acceptance model (TAM) to examine intentions to adopt a robotic health advisor. Findings demonstrate that perceived ease of communication with and perceived usefulness of a robotic health advisor positively predict favorable attitudes toward a robotic health advisor, which subsequently leads to strong intentions to adopt it. The present investigation also finds that perceived usefulness of a robotic health advisor directly leads to an individual’s intentions to adopt it. Overall, the present study provides important implications for perceptions of a robotic health advisor. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The cytotoxic activity of 36 saponins isolated from roots ofPulsatilla chinensis(Bunge) Regel against the human cancer cell lines (A549, SGC-7901) and the human hepatic cell line (HL-7702) was tested by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazole-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide assay. Saponins1–14showed considerable cytotoxic activity, whereas saponins15–36showed no significant activity, which suggested that a free carboxylic group located at C-28 of aglycon is essential for their cytotoxic activity. Moreover, the analysis of structure–activity relationships also suggested that the oleanane-type saponins showed better cytotoxic activity than lupane-type saponins, and the length and linkage of glycolic chain attached to C-3 of aglycon displayed an important effect to the potent cytotoxicity. In conclusion, oleanolic acid 3-O-α-l-rhamnopyranosyl-(1 → 2)-[β-d-glucopyranosyl-(1 → 4)]-α-l-arabinopyranoside (5) exhibited the most significant cytotoxic activity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Reaction of a flexible ligand with cobalt salt in the presence of polyoxovanadate produces a new composite solid, Co2(btx)4V4O12, 1 (btx = 1,4-bis(triazol-1 -ylmethyl)benzene). The structure of 1 was determined by single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis and further characterized by elemental analysis, IR spectrum, and TG analysis. Compound 1 exhibits a 3-D 4,6-connected self-catenated net constructed from [V4O12]4- building blocks and the {Co(btx)2}2+ 3-D metal-organic cation polymer. The electronic properties of 1 have been investigated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article concerns a genuinely two-dimensional numerical study of resonant oscillation phenomena in a gas-filled tube with an isothermal wall or an adiabatic wall. The time-dependent, axisymmetric, compressible Navier-Stokes equations in two dimensions are solved by a new finite volume method with the second-order kinetic flux-vector splitting (KFVS) scheme for convective terms, and a third-order Runge-Kutta method for the time evolution. The oscillatory motion of the fluid in a closed tube is generated by a piston at one end, and reflected by the other closed end. Weak shock waves propagating within the tube at the resonant frequency and slightly off-resonance frequencies are numerically captured, which are consistent with both experimental observation and previous theoretical analyses. The interesting results of the sudden change in axial velocity near the piston and the closed end are also presented. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]