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Previous studies have examined board-level determinants of board performance but left other organizational and environmental factors underexplored. This study examines determinants of board performance through multiple theories by using a sample of community-based human service nonprofits in Taiwan. The results show that organizational characteristics, such as governance structure, organizational stability, and management professionalization, are associated with board performance. A two-tier board design and a stable organization are essential to effective board performance, while having professional chief executive officers is linked to less effective board performance. Surprisingly, the results also show that external funding sources are not associated with board performance. Active board engagement does not necessarily mean better board performance. A two-tier governance structure can positively influence board performance. Nonprofit organizations need board members to fulfill their roles and responsibilities, especially when nonprofit organizations are unstable and/or when chief executive officers are professional. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The installation of—and the debates surrounding—all-gender toilets (AGTs) are growing worldwide, but few empirical studies exist regarding the attitudes and behaviors of prospective AGT users. This paper fills the research gap by using a multi-methods approach to investigate how prospective users perceive and use AGTs at National Sun Yat-sen University in Taiwan. Through a survey of 729 university students and a two-week-long on-site observation, the study provides substantive evidence regarding AGTs users. The survey shows that the majority of both male and female respondents endorsed and would actually use AGTs. The presumed opposition to AGTs by mainstream users might have been overestimated. On average, only 9.23% of the respondents disagreed with the installation of AGTs, and only 7.37% never used the AGT next to their classroom. Female students were less likely to endorse and to use AGTs, and were more concerned about privacy, safety and hygiene issues in AGTs. On the other hand, some women would endorse the installation of AGTs even if they don't personally use them. Societies may be able to accommodate these diverse users by allowing for the coexistence of all-gender and gender-segregated toilets. This research contributes to existing gender and toilet literature by providing a cross-examined assessment of prospective respondents' attitudes and behaviors vis-à-vis the AGTs in an actual AGT setting instead of a hypothetical scenario. We encourage future research to target a more diversified pool of respondents to explore the myriad factors associated with mainstream users' attitudes toward and use of AGTs. Supplemental data for this article is available online at https://doi.org/10.1080/0966369X.2021.1987198. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Citizen Relationship Management (CRM) based on information and communication technology offers immediate and efficient response to citizens' needs, and when citizens use the CRM services and in turn have positive service experience via the use of the CRM services, their perceived assessment to public service quality and performance can be improved. This study draws on data from the citizen survey of the City and County of San Francisco to test the relationship between citizens use 311 system to contact with the City Hall and citizen satisfaction with the quality of public service encounter. The finding indicates that citizens who use 311 system are more satisfied with the courtesy and professionalism of public officials than citizens who do not. However, the question-response capacity of public officials has opposite result. Citizens who use 311 system are problem-solved orientated and have high expectation of how well their questions are responded and be resolved by public officials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]