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Purpose: To explore the role of outdoor light exposure by estimating ocular sun exposure measured by Conjunctival Ultraviolet Autofluorescence (CUVAF) imaging and serum melatonin levels in myopes and non-myopes. Materials & Methods: Age and sex matched emmetropes and myopes (60 each) aged 10–25 years participated. Those with a history of ocular surgery or any ocular or systemic co-morbidity were excluded. Socio-demographic parameters, sun exposure questionnaires, indoor and outdoor activity profile, morning serum melatonin levels, sleep pattern, degree of myopia, ocular biometry and area of CUVAF on ultraviolet photography were noted and analyzed. Results: Mean age of myopes (18 ± 4.5 years) and emmetropes (18.5 ± 4 years) was similar (P =.523). Serum melatonin levels were significantly higher (P =.001) among myopes (89.45 pg/ml) as compared to emmetropes (52.83 pg/ml). Lifetime sun exposure was significantly lower in myopes than emmetropes (P =.0003). Area of CUVAF was inversely related to degree of myopia (P <.0001). Day time sleepiness was greater in myopes (51.7%) than emmetropes (15%) (P <.0001). There was a positive correlation between serum melatonin levels and axial length among myopes (correlation coefficient = 0.27; P =.03). Age and gender had no association with serum melatonin levels. Conclusion: This study demonstrates an inverse relationship between serum melatonin levels and degree of CUVAF in myopes. A novel link between serum melatonin, axial length and outdoor sun exposure is highlighted in the current study. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Keywords: Cornea; epithelium; Honeycomb ensemble EN Cornea epithelium Honeycomb ensemble 681 682 2 08/04/23 20230801 NES 230801 Introduction Netarsudil, a rho-kinase and norepinephrine transport inhibitor, was been approved by the Food and Drug Administration on 18 December 2017 to treat ocular hypertension and open-angle glaucoma. High-resolution corneal anterior segment optical coherence tomography scan confirmed reticular epithelial oedema and angle scan showed collapsed Schlemm's canal (Figure 1B,C). Cornea, epithelium, Honeycomb ensemble. [Extracted from the article]

Keratoconus is characterized by progressive primary corneal ectasia, resulting in decreased visual acuity in young adults and remains a leading indication for corneal transplantation surgery worldwide. Collagen crosslinking treatment of the cornea, pretreated with riboflavin drops, with UVA light has been described as a revolutionary new treatment that is effective in arresting the progression of keratoconus and results in corneal strengthening. This review discusses current collagen crosslinking treatment for keratoconus including the basic changes induced in the cornea, results of various clinical trials and complications involved. Data available are conclusive of the fact that collagen crosslinking treatment of progressive keratoconus using the photosensitizer riboflavin and UVA light of 370 nm wavelength is effective in the stabilization of progressive keratoconus. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Eye donation is an act of supreme kindness to humanity and the society is obliged to bring honor to the memory of all eye donors for this truly philanthropic gift. Understanding the functioning of eye banks, donor criteria and the process of eye donation is the basis for facing challenges within eye banking in the developing world. The number of banks and their organizational level, methods of explantation, processing and preservation, quality standards, and new developments will have to be reviewed and regulated regularly. Efforts towards improvement in eye banking will ensure higher standards of both the quality and quantity of corneal tissue for rehabilitation of corneal blind patients. Effective state legislation is required to meet a society's ophthalmic surgical needs in transplantation programs. Incorporating advanced tissue-engineering services into the scope of the functions of an eye bank will make such higher end facilities available to routine corneal surgeons, thereby raising the standard of eye banking to greater heights. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

According to the Beijing Eye Study, which was conducted in Chinese adults over the age of 50 years living in Greater Beijing (with steep cornea/keratoconus as corneal refractive power of ≥48 diopters), the prevalence of steep cornea/keratoconus was reported to be 0.9 + 0.2%. The prevalence of steep cornea/keratoconus was significantly associated with the ocular parameters of shorter axial length, smaller interpupillary distance, higher cylindrical, myopic refractive error and lower best corrected visual acuity. None of the systemic parameters were tested, such as gender, body height, psychic depression, cognitive function, blood concentrations of glucose, lipids, creatinine and C-reactive protein, blood pressure, quality of life score or ocular factors, such intraocular pressure, dry-feeling eyes, and lens thickness, showed any significant association with steep cornea/keratoconus. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]