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This study provides an overview of the ingredients, origin, processing level, nutritional quality and practitioners' insights of commonly used meat substitutes in Swedish school meals. Using quantitative and qualitative data, this study evaluated 59 meat substitutes from 19 brands using Percentage Nutrient Contribution (%NC) to a Swedish school meal based on 30% of the recommended and maximum nutrient intake for teenagers and the NOVA processing framework. Meat substitutes were mince, balls, breaded, burgers, strips, or sausages. Interviews with meal planners (n = 7) revealed experiences with meat substitutes in schools. Most meat substitutes (86%) were classified as ultra-processed foods, with low contributions to saturated fat and free sugars, but high contributions to fibre and salt intakes. Limited micronutrient data suggested significant contributions of potassium, folate, and iron. Meal planners chose meat substitutes for climate reasons, familiarity, and acceptability. Meat substitutes have potential, but processing effects, bioavailability and fortification require further research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ultraviolet (UV) radiation exposure is one of the most important risk factor among workers. it may stimulate health outcomes such as multiple skin injuries and blinding eye diseases. So, UV protection is mainly important for people who expose to it. Modification of cotton textiles by nanomaterials is a new approach to overcome this problem. So, the aim of this study is to review studies conducted on using ZnO nanoparticles for improving ultraviolet protection of cotton textiles. The search strategy was provided by cochrane guideline. 45 studies were regarded as appropriate. The results show that UPF for textiles has improved by coated ZnO. However, UPF was depended on the physicochemical characteristics of ZnO and textiles such as yarn structure, effect of woven fabric construction, fabric porosity, and impurity of textiles and laundering conditions. Also, plasma technology has improved UPF, it is recommended that more studies be done to achieve better results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Sesbania aculeata (Dhaincha), a lignocellulosic bast fiber, has been explored here as an ultraviolet blocker due to the presence of natural lignin of about 19% on its surface. Various woven fabrics are prepared with various dhaincha/jute-blended yarns as weft to measure ultraviolet (UV) protection ability, drying rate, and thermal conductivity. Effect of linear density of blended yarn, blend ratio, and pick density of the prepared fabrics on UV protection ability, drying rate, and thermal conductivity have been studied and optimized using 33 Box-Behnken response surface design. The optimum level of these parameters to obtain high UV protection, high drying rate, and high thermal conductivity are reported. The UV protection factor (UPF), drying rate, and thermal conductivity of the fabric are achieved as high as 92.68, 0.3589 ml/H, and 0.185754 W/mK, respectively. The presence of lignin in jute and dhaincha fibers is evidenced by FTIR study. This research work establishes the new application of dhaincha fiber in the field of textiles for UV protection and thermal comfort. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper presents analyses of flavonoid dyestuffs i.e., marigold (Tagetes patula L.), dyer's broom (Genista tinctoria) and weld (Reseda luteola L.) Color analysis and potential health-promoting properties of linen fabrics dyed with extracts from the above-mentioned plants were also carried out. The study, based on many years of experience, led to carrying out dyeing with extracts of selected plants on an industrial scale and to creating a collection of naturally dyed linen apparels for adults and children. Dyeing was performed only with plant extracts. The experiments included fabric pre-treatment processes with the use of 5 mordants: alum, soda, citric acid, copper sulfate and iron sulfate. The paper discusses optimization of the dyeing process by testing the dyed fabrics spectrophotometrically and determining the colorimetric properties (L *, a *, b *) and the colors according to the Pantone (Color) Matching System (PMS). Laboratory research was implemented into industrial production line and a pilot collection of fabrics was made. These fabrics were used to make 2 collections of clothing with health-promoting properties for children and adults. Linen fabrics, with interesting, subtle colors, with antimicrobial activity showed positive effects on the skin, which was more moisturized and very well protected against UV radiation.,, [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In a changed world of pandemic and global warming, functional fabrics are trending as they include finishes with antibacterial and UV protection capabilities. By imparting antimicrobial efficiency and ultraviolet protection to textiles using different natural products over synthetic chemicals is a breakthrough for textile users to compete in the tough global market place. This will add values to textile in the direction of protection and safety. This review paper is directed toward novel finishing of textiles with future trends and challenges to meet functional and environmental demands to extend their high impart applicable properties. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the present study, cotton fabric has been dyed with aqueous extract of babul bark (Acacia nilotica) using gallnut (Quercus infectoria) as bio-mordant containing hydrolyzable tannins like gallic acid, elagic acid and polyphenolic gallotannins to produce light yellow color. On the other hand when gallnut bio-mordanted cotton is subsequently dyed with babul bark extract as a natural dye containing similar but non-hydrolyzable tannin-rich color component including small amount of catechin and epi-gallo-catechin, it produces a medium to deep brown color through formation of giant insoluble colored complex of cotton-gallotannins (gallnut)-catechin/epigallocatechin and other color components present in babul bark extract. The process variables for extraction, pre-mordanting and dyeing have been optimized to standardize this dyeing technique. Scattered CDI values for dye-bath pH and dye concentration identified them as the most important dyeing parameters that need to be controlled for obtaining uniform dyeing. High UPF value of upto 35 rendered by application of both gallnut and babul bark through preferential absorption of UV light by the gallotannins in both gallnut and babul bark indicates good UV protection properties of dyed cotton fabrics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Natural dyes are gaining momentum in the textile industry due to their non-toxic and eco-friendly nature. The enhanced demand of natural-dyed functional textile materials resulted in increased interest among the research community to explore new sources of natural dyes which could be utilized for functional coloration of textile materials. Kigelia Africana flower is known for various medicinal properties and thus can be utilized for functional coloration of textile materials. In the current study, the pre-mordanting process has been exploited to evaluate the dyeing condition of the linen fabrics by using different mordants such as; alum, ferrous sulfate, and copper sulfate. The effect of mordants on the color strength of the dyed fabrics was analyzed and correlated with wash fastness tests results. The dyed fabrics analysis has been carried out in terms of their color strength and color coordinates (L*a*b*). The functional properties like radical scavenging activity, antibacterial activity, and UV protection properties were thoroughly investigated to determine the functionality of dyed fabrics. The dyed samples displayed satisfactory fastness and color strength along with efficient antibacterial, antioxidants and UV protection properties. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Considering the harmful effect of UV radiation, present study was aimed at developing a UV protective finish for cotton fabric using Vitis vinifera leaves extract. Process parameters of the study were optimized for getting maximum UV protection while maintaining other physical properties of the fabric. Box and Behnken design was used under response surface methodology (RSM) for optimization process. It was found that 3.574% concentration of microcapsules with 2.942% concentration of binder at 120.664°C curing temperature were selected as optimum conditions for application of Vitis vinifera microcapsules on cotton fabric. It can be concluded that application of Vitis vinifera microcapsules on cotton fabric incorporates UV protection properties on cotton fabric, which can helpful to prevent various UV-induced skin problems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

TiO2nanoparticles have been synthesised using sol–gel technique by titanium tetraisopropoxide (C12H28O4Ti,) as a precursor. The particle has been modified using 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane as a surface modifier. The unmodified and modified particles were characterise for size and distribution using a particle size analyser, which works on dynamic light scattering principle. The particles have been applied on polyester/cotton woven fabric for various concentrations of nanoparticles. The treated fabric has been characterised for protective properties such as antimicrobial activity (againstStaphylococcus aureus,Klebsiella pneumoniaandEscherichia coli) and ultraviolet protection factor (UPF) factors and for easy care properties such as soil release and self-cleaning behaviours. The functionality of the treated fabric was studied and also tested for durability for repeated wash cycles. The particle size of unmodified and modified TiO2have been found to be 25 and 18 nm respectively. The treated samples with modified TiO2have shown higher antimicrobial activity. Self-cleaning effect of the modified TiO2treated fabric has been found to be notably higher than the unmodified TiO2treated fabric. Soil release effect, which was studied subjectively, also showed improved performance for those fabrics treated with modified nano-TiO2. The UPF results of the unmodified and modified nano-TiO2fabric did not have notable differences but were almost the same. Both unmodified and modified TiO2treated fabrics have shown the::deceasing treated in all the functional properties studied; however, the rate of decrease was low up to the tenth wash, and then, it became notable at the fifteenth and above wash cycles. The surface light reflection characteristics, through whiteness index of the unmodified TiO2treated fabrics, were also found to be at increasing trend with treatment concentration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, the effect of bursting strength of knitted fabrics in relation to ultraviolet protection was studied. Different knitting structures were investigated, which included single jerseys such as plain, pineapple, lacoste and other combinations of different knitting stitches of knit, tuck and miss as well as double-jersey fabrics of half Milano, full Milano, half cardigan, full cardigan, 1 × 1 rib and interlock. Experimental results show that when comparing different structures, the change in bursting strength with ultraviolet protection factor was found to be significant. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

In this paper, the effect of different structures of knit fabric on ultraviolet (UV) protection was studied. Different knit structures were investigated, which included single knits such as plain, pineapple, lacoste and other combinations of different knitting stitches of knit, tuck and miss as well as double-knit structure of half milano, full milano, half cardigan, full cardigan, 1 × 1 rib and interlock. The results showed that double-knit fabrics provide better UV protection than single-knit fabrics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An inclusion complex was formed by the reaction of β-cyclodextrin (β-CD) with 4-hydroxy benzophenone (4-HBP), since β-CD acts as a hosting molecule for 4-HBP. The inclusion complex was added to a finishing bath containing citric acid (CA) and sodium hypophosphite (SHP) as a catalyst to provide the cotton fabric anti-crease and ultraviolet (UV) protection properties. Ultraviolet protection factor (UPF) is the scientific term used to indicate the amount of UV protection provided to skin by fabric. The factors affecting the performance properties and UPF were studied in detail. It was noted that at 0.25 g β-CD and 4-HBP represent the optimum concentration for both of the UPF and anti-crease properties. Increasing the CA and SHP concentrations lead to an increase in the UPF and the wrinkle recovery angle (WRA), while the tensile strength of the finished fabric decreases. Also increasing the curing temperature and/or prolonging the duration enhanced the UPF and WRA. While the tensile strength decreased significantly, the durability of the UV protective cotton fabric against successive washings was evaluated at different numbers of washing cycles (0, 15, and 30 washing cycle). The finished fabrics show an excellent durability against 30 successive washing cycles. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]