Search

This article considers the deeply rooted ableism at the heart of xenophobic arguments against immigration at the turn of the twentieth century, tracing connections to contemporary warnings about foreign embodiment and criminality. Although the demographic under attack has shifted in the decades following the Johnson-Reed Act of 1924, there are still shared root beliefs about miscegenation as automatically disabling publics. Because of how an anti-disability stance spans multiple eras of immigration, regardless of the racial or ethnic group in question, rhetorical work on anti-immigrant rhetoric should always consider where such arguments are enmeshed with ableist attitudes about whose bodyminds are worth including in the body politic. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

DREAMers, undocumented people raised in the US, discussed their perspectives on changes in relational dynamics after access to Deferred Action for Childhood Arrivals (DACA) legislation. Ten participants, who through semi-structured interviews, discussed how DACA legislation impacted their mixed-legal status families. Using Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis with Participatory Action Research and Systems Theory frameworks, themes emerged that represented DREAMers' collective experiences and the essence of the phenomenon related to how access to DACA legislation affected relationships. Themes included the superordinate theme, Relational Impacts of DACA and subthemes, Shared Wins and Resources and Mending Relationships. Discussion includes implications for clinicians, researchers, and policymakers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The 'health paradox' is a phenomenon in which immigrants report better health than their native-born counterparts despite experiencing numerous adversities. This study examines the 'health paradox' among adolescent girls in the U.S. and evaluates the understudied pathways and conditions in the immigration status-health link, including the role of emotional (i.e. depressive symptoms) and cognitive (i.e. decision-making) domains. Drawing on Wave I (1994–1995) and Wave II (1996) of a nationally representative longitudinal study of adolescents (Add Health), a series of regression models was conducted to explore the relationship between girls' immigration status and health (N = 6,543). Further, mean centered multiplicative terms and the KHB decomposition procedure were used to assess the moderating and mediating effects of depressive symptoms and decision-making. Results reveal that, in general, foreign-born girls enjoy better health as compared to their native-born counterparts, which is partially explained by their fewer depressive symptoms. Importantly, however, the experience of higher levels of depressive symptoms appears to decrease immigrant girls' resilience. The ability to be thoughtful and reflective when making choices serves as a health protective factor among girls overall, suggesting the need to foster adolescent girls' decision-making skills to improve their health. Policy recommendation based on our findings are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article discusses the experiences and perspectives of three first-generation college graduate Latinas from immigrant families regarding abolition and the need to dismantle the prison industrial complex. Topics include their personal journeys, reflections on policing, challenges within the criminal justice system, and their commitment to community-centered solutions for justice and safety.

Agricultural employers have faced extreme challenges in recruiting and retaining an adequate workforce. Various societal changes have made hiring local workers into agricultural jobs difficult. Therefore, there is a growing reliance on foreign workers and visa programs to meet labor demands. One such program, the TN visa, can be an effective and useful tool for recruiting professional labor for livestock operations, and many agricultural employers have already seen its value. It is likely that the use of the TN program will continue to grow in the future. However, there is opportunity for misuse and abuse of the TN program because there are few administrative rules and limited oversight. We offer recommendations to improve the TN program and the well-being of TN professionals including additional oversight of the program, transparency in recruiting and contracting workers, educating TN workers about U.S. labor rights, ensuring fair pay, and allowing a path to work authorization for TN workers' spouses and children who accompany them in the U.S. Clearly, sustainable solutions to the farm labor shortage are needed. As a field, we need to better understand workforce recruitment and retention concerns as well as mechanisms being used to address such concerns and their impact on workers' health, safety, and well-being. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Before, during, and after their immigration to the United States, immigrants face stressful life circumstances that may render them at risk for depressive symptoms. However, there is a dearth of research on the mental health of African immigrants. We performed secondary data analyses of two studies in the Baltimore–Washington area to describe and identify correlates of depressive symptoms in older African immigrants. Chi square tests, one-way ANOVAs, and linear regressions were used to describe and examine associations between depressive symptoms and immigrant-related risk factors. This sample included 148 participants who had a mean age of 62 (SD ± 8.2). Clinical depressive symptoms were present in 8.1% of participants, and trouble falling asleep for more than half of the days was the most prevalent symptom (20%). Levels of education, income, and migration reasons differed significantly from clinical depressive symptoms, but these were not significantly associated with more depressive symptoms after controlling for covariates. Longitudinal designs may further elucidate incidence, correlates, and long-term effects of depressive symptoms within this population. Knowledge of depressive symptom burden and risk factors can inform timely assessment, referral, and treatment of depressive symptoms and other mental health outcomes in older African immigrants. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

By allowing individuals to engage in remote relationships with foreign employers, online labor markets have the potential to mitigate the inefficiency costs due to the legal barriers and other frictions deterring international physical migration. This study investigates how the supply of foreign labor in digital and physical markets responds differently to monetary incentives. We use a unique data set containing information on digital labor flows from a major global online labor platform in conjunction with data on physical labor flows. We exploit short-term fluctuations in the exchange rate as a source of econometric identification: a depreciation of a country’s currency against the U.S. dollar increases the incentives of its workers to seek digital and physical employment from employers based in the United States. Using a panel count data model, we find that monetary incentives induced by depreciations of foreign currencies against the U.S. dollar are positively associated with the supply of foreign labor in digital markets, as expected from the frictionless nature of electronic markets. However, we fail to find a positive relationship between monetary incentives and the supply of foreign labor in physical markets, which might be expected due to the substantial bureaucratic restrictions and transaction costs associated with physical migration. We further examine how countries’ income and information and communications technologies development levels moderate the positive relationship between monetary incentives and digital labor flows. Our findings are useful for gauging the extent to which digital labor flows can alleviate the economic inefficiencies from the restrictions on physical migration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Detention and removal of unauthorised immigrants by United States (U.S.) Immigration and Customs Enforcement (ICE) has steadily increased despite declining rates of unauthorised migration. ICE detainees are held in overcrowded detention centres, often without due process and deprived of adequate food, sanitation, and medical care. Conditions of ICE detention contribute to malnutrition and increase the likelihood of infectious disease exposure, including tuberculosis (TB). TB infection interacts with Type 2 Diabetes (DM2), disproportionately affecting individuals who are routinely targeted by federal immigration practices. When two diseases interact and exacerbate one another within a larger structural context, thereby amplifying multiple disease interactions, this is called a syndemic. In this paper, we examine malnutrition in ICE detention as a pathway of bidirectional risks for and interactions between TB and DM2 among ICE detainees. Drawing from literature on detention conditions, TB, and DM2 rates along the U.S.-Mexico border, we propose an ICE-TB-DM2 syndemic model. We present a map displaying our proposed syndemic model to demonstrate the spatial application of syndemic theory in the context of ICE detention, strengthening the growing scholarship on syndemics of incarceration and removal. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We examine the relationship between historical anti-miscegenation laws and contemporary racial classification within Black–White households in the United States using a multi-layered approach to conceptualizing that socio-historical context. We draw our sample of married Black–White households with children under the age of 18 from the 2012–2016 American Community Survey 5-Year estimates. Consistent with previous research, results suggest that households with connections to states that never had an anti-miscegenation law are less likely to adhere to the "one drop rule" than other households. However, these connections are not purely a reflection of the current state of residence; households comprised of two parents who were born in "no law" states – but currently live in states that had historical anti-miscegenation laws – display distinct racial classification patterns. This research contributes to our understanding of the link between place and race and highlights the power of migration in shaping ideas about race. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: Asian Americans have poor HIV-related outcomes, yet culturally salient barriers to care remain unclear, limiting development of targeted interventions for this group. We applied the 'what matters most' theory of stigma to identify structural and cultural factors that shape the nature of stigma before and after immigration from China to the US. Design: Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 16 immigrants to New York from China, recruited from an HIV clinic and community centers. Deductive followed by focal inductive qualitative analyses examined how Chinese cultural values (lian, guanxi, renqing) and structural factors influenced stigma before and after immigration. Results: In China, HIV stigma was felt through the loss of lian (moral status) and limited guanxi (social network) opportunities. A social structure characterized by limited HIV knowledge, discriminatory treatment from healthcare systems, and human rights violations impinged on the ability of people living with HIV to fulfill culturally valued goals. Upon moving to the US, positions of structural vulnerability shifted to enable maintenance of lian and formation of new guanxi, thus ameliorating aspects of stigma. Conclusions: HIV prevention and stigma reduction interventions among Chinese immigrants may be most effective by both addressing structural constraints and facilitating achievement of cultural values through clinical, peer, and group interventions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: A trans person is murdered every 3 days in the world, with the majority of these murders occurring in Latin America. This violence is a motivating factor for Latinx trans immigrants to immigrate to the United States. Regardless of whether individuals may be able to remain in the U.S., trans immigrants and asylum seekers are often held in detention facilities until immigration courts decide their cases. Although there are several standards of care and guidelines produced for trans and nonbinary (TNB) people who are held in detention, various reports have indicated that Immigration and Customs Enforcement (ICE) has not or inappropriately implemented these guidelines, thereby incurring and increasing risk of harm upon TNB immigrants. Aims: This qualitative study used thematic analysis to provide an understanding of the psychological impact that the systemic power of US detention proceedings had on the lives of Latinx, trans immigrants. Method: The semi-structured interview protocol and implementation of this study was developed in collaboration with two national Latinx, LGBTQ immigrant advocacy organizations. The sample included 30 trans participants, between the ages of 18 and 52 (M = 23) who immigrated from El Salvador (40%), Guatemala (23%), México (17%), Honduras (17%), and Peru (3%). Results: Participants reported being subject to debilitating and torturous conditions in "La Hielera", torture and abusive treatment by detention authorities, being denied access to basic human needs and medical care, and held in solitary confinement as punishment. This dehumanization, abuse, and transphobia in detention incurred psychological sequelae on participants including trauma, anxiety and depression, suicidal ideation, and a preference to self-deport. Discussion: Implications include calls to abolish immigration detention, recommendations for mental health providers, and an overall restructuring of policies and services for humane asylum seeking processes for trans, Latinx immigrants. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: Prior research has not adequately examined the relationship between international migration and colorectal cancer (CRC) by cultural regions in the US. The purpose of this exploratory study was to determine how annual CRC incidence varied with US annual international migrant inflow in ten different regions, corresponding to dominant ancestry group. Design: County-level international migrant inflow and dominant ancestry type were obtained from the American Community Survey, and age-adjusted CRC incidence was obtained from the National Cancer Institute. A linear regression model was tested for each ancestry region to assess the relationship between migrant inflow and CRC incidence. Results: Higher international migrant inflow was associated with lower CRC incidence among counties where the dominant ancestry group was African American (p = 0.0207), British (p = 0.0212), Hispanic (p = 0.0001), and Native American (p = 0.0056). Conclusions: These findings suggest that US residents in certain ancestry groups are at higher risk for CRC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Increasing concerns about automation of work raise the question what the demographic components are that promote the spread of technology. What is the relationship between the presence of immigrants and automation? This paper is divided into two parts: an empirical investigation and a historical case study. Empirically, we use data from the International Federation of Robotics and the American Community Survey to show that US counties that have a higher share of foreign-born population, especially from Latin American countries (low-skilled), but also from China and India (high-skilled), exhibit less robot exposure, which confirms the intuition that regions with more low-skilled and high-skilled immigrant workers with low wages and low organizational clout provide employers with alternatives to robots. The case study of the Florida sugarcane producers shows that the availability of low-skilled foreign workers can diminish incentives to mechanize production unless protests/ lawsuits make them more expensive. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

There are approximately 244 million migrants worldwide and 40 million migrants living in the US. These migrants face a myriad of stressors that they need to overcome. Framed by the communication theory of resilience, this study explores the resilience triggers and processes migrants discuss during their migration experience. Findings from 43 narrative interviews reveal three resilience triggers, four resilience processes, and two relationships between resilience triggers and processes. Similar to the ways that migrants experienced resilience triggers less, more, or ambivalently, the resilience processes were tensional and complex. Practical applications for organizations, migrants, teachers, and researchers are described. Theoretical implications related to migrants' existing privilege and triggers, resilience processes as tensional, and co-occurrences between triggers and processes are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study asks: What drives divergent reactions to demographic transformation? This question has grown in salience as the politics of the United States and Western Europe react to the prospect of becoming Majority Minority states — where the native constituency of people, defined by race, ethnicity, and/or religion, loses its numerical advantage in the territory of a sovereign state. Relatively little is known about how societies govern such demographic change in the course of global history such that we may anticipate and contextualise policy responses today. To address this question, I undertake a comparative historical analysis of six Majority Minority states — Bahrain (1920–2010), the Hawaiian Kingdom (1840–1900), Mauritius (1830–1880), historic New York State (1830–1880), Singapore (1850–1970), and Trinidad and Tobago (1840–2010). Earlier historical work and contemporary attitudinal analyses have focused on the ways that popular discontent, racism, and xenophobia drive responses. However, I find that that divergent political outcomes are subject to national institutions — specficially, whether the state equally enfranchises the newcomer population and whether the government's subsequent redefinition of the national identity is inclusive or exclusive. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

US policies of immigrant exclusion evolved from the so-called Asiatic barred zone of 1917 to the Asian 'triangle', but also included people of the Island Pacific. In the latter case, the test for eligibility to enter the United States (US) as a potential citizen was race based. World War II induced pressures by US citizens in the occupying armed forces for marriage to both Asian and Pacific Island women. Internal lobbying in the US plus diplomatic expediency resulted in some post-war relaxation of the ban on Asian immigration via marriage. In New Zealand there was at least one challenge to the extent of the Pacific boundary of the Western Hemisphere wherein greater mobility of migrants was acceptable to the US government. Political Cold War pressure, more than geographic boundaries, proved eventually more potent for potential immigration via marriage but this was too late for most Pacific partners of US servicemen. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

After release from immigrant detainment centres in the United States, a select group of unaccompanied immigrant children enter a community-based programme known as 'post-release services' (PRS) because of an identified vulnerability. Despite the name, post-release services do not confer actual services – only a referral for them. We use an intersectional lens to examine the tension for service providers within PRS policy between the rights of the child and the stigma and increasing criminalisation of being undocumented. This paper is based on document analysis of all public federal documents on unaccompanied children, ethnographic fieldwork in four PRS serving sites in the US, and interviews with 20 unaccompanied children, 17 sponsors, and 13 employees of the government subcontracting agency. Drawing on these unique data sets, we consider how age and legal status intersect in shaping the implementation of services for unaccompanied children and subsequent outcomes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective. This study examines age-at-immigration disparities in later-life trajectories of cognitive functioning among immigrant men and women of Mexican descent. This study also considers the role of socioeconomic resources, family status, and church attendance in these disparities. Methods. This study draws on eight waves of the Hispanic Established Populations for the Epidemiologic Study of the Elderly and employs growth curve models. This study distinguished between immigrants who moved from Mexico to the U.S. in early life (before age 19), midlife (between ages 20 and 49; reference category), and late life (beyond age 50). The analyses were conducted separately for men and women. The final analytic sample consisted of 2,030 repeated observations from 639 men and 2,883 observations from 884 women. Results. Compared to midlife immigration, late-life immigration was associated with lower cognitive functioning at baseline among both men and women, whereas early- as well as late-life immigration was related to faster cognitive decline over time only among men. Adjusting for socioeconomic resources reduced cognitive disadvantages among late-life immigrants, regardless of gender. Family status also partially accounted for poorer cognitive functioning among late-life immigrant women. Conclusion. This study demonstrates that later-life cognitive functioning among immigrant men and women of Mexican descent might be contingent on age at immigration. By highlighting the importance of individuals' social resources for overall cognitive functioning and for age-at-immigration disparities, this study also suggests that social programs and interventions to improve cognitive health in this population group should address later-life disadvantages related to low educational attainment, being unmarried, and less frequent religious participation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article analyzes the depiction of decolonial migration, crimmigration and the pursuit of the American Dream by Black people in the book "American Street" by Ibi Zoboi. Topics discussed include the definition of decolonial migration as the journey of Black people migrating to the U.S. to avoid poverty and violence, role of the integration of the U.S. immigration and criminal justice system in the creation of crimmigration, and depiction of spirit worlds as spaces of freedom in the book.

This article examines media coverage of the murder by a Mexican farmworker of Mollie Tibbetts, a white college student, in the digital alt-right publication Breitbart as a case study analyzing the historicized racialized rhetoric of immigration in the American press. Examining all articles published within the 24-hour period of the discovery of Tibbetts' body, this article argues that the rhetoric in Breitbart's coverage of the case demonstrates the re-emergence of racialized themes that are rhetorically deployed to protect white spaces, such as the rural national imaginary, and white-dominated structures, such as the labor market. In the contemporary global, digital age Breitbart's coverage of the Tibbetts case demonstrates the dominance of nostalgic alt-right fantasies of paternalistic white possession of spaces and structures in the far-right media ecosystem. Drawing on the principles of critical discourse analysis and engaging in a close textual reading of Breitbart's coverage of the Tibbetts case, this article emphasizes the continued salience and significance of white possession. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In 1924 and 1925, the Mexican-born, American-educated Jewish writer Anita Brenner (1905–1974) worked in Mexico for the Jewish association B'nai B'rith, which helped immigrants fleeing poverty and persecution in Europe and Asia Minor. Many of these immigrants wanted to reach the United States but chose Mexico due to the migratory restrictions of the United States. Brenner, a 'modern girl,' documented the experiences of these new arrivals to Mexico. Her diligent observations into the effect of migratory policies on women highlight the organization's concerns with the white slave trade, as well as the League of Nations. This essay analyzes Brenner's articles through the methodology of written culture in this context of international migration and concerns about the white slave trade. Brenner documented the human side of immigration and exposed the rumours in relation to white slave traffic. Brenner portrayed Mexico as a safe destination for Jewish immigrants during the interwar period. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this article, I explore how race, class, and migration influence Latino household wealth, and uncover important implications for the close 2016 US presidential election outcome in Florida. I follow over 11,000 homeowners in the Orlando area of Orange County, Florida from 2004 to 2016. To proxy for immigrant incorporation, I leverage matched voter registration records and direct observation of borrower identification – driver's license, green card/passport, or undocumented identification. Documented immigrants appear least vulnerable to foreclosure; multivariate analyses show that Latinos with undocumented identification are most vulnerable. Foreclosure and negative equity predict decreases in voter activity among Latino Democrats and Latino Independents, respectively, but not among Latino Republicans. I confirm this pattern at the precinct-level using data on all Orange County voters. Across Florida, county-level Latino foreclosures and lagging home prices correspond to a decline in the Democratic presidential vote from 2012 to 2016. My analysis reveals the mechanisms that erase Latino home equity and how the loss of wealth may have played a role in flipping Florida from a blue state to a red state. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

I introduce and analyze the Mexican Border Crossing Records (MBCRs), an unexplored data source that records aliens crossing the Mexico-US land border at diverse locations from 1903 to 1955. The MBCRs identify immigrants and report rich demographic, geographic and socioeconomic information at the individual level. These micro data have the potential to support cliometric research, which is scarce for the Mexico-US migration, especially for the beginnings of the flow (1884-1910). My analysis of the MBCRs suggests that previous literature may have inaccurately described the origin of the first Mexican immigrants. My findings diverge from historical scholarship because the micro data capture the geographic composition of the flow at the local level and across nine entrance ports, allowing me to characterize with precision the migration patterns during the 1900s. Overall, the micro data reported in the MBCRs offer the opportunity to address topics that concern the economics of migration in the past and present. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article informs about intersection of the opioid crisis with changes in U.S. immigration policy, with contextual barriers to substance abuse research with Latinx communities. Topics include structural inequities leading to initiation and continuation of substance misuse; and report outlines current challenges associated with substance use research focusing on active Latinx heroin users living in a border state.

We introduce a novel test of racial assignment that has significant implications for how racial categories are popularly understood, even among the populations for whom they purportedly apply. We test whether the U.S. Census Bureau's definition of Asian corresponds with Americans' understanding of the category, and find a disjuncture between those groups the U.S. government assign as Asian, and those that Americans include in the category. For White, Black, Latino, and most Asian Americans, the default for Asian is East Asian. While South Asians – such as Indians and Pakistanis – classify themselves as Asian, other Americans are significantly less likely to do so, reflecting patterns of "South Asian exclusion" and "racial assignment incongruity". College-educated, younger Americans, however, are more inclusive in who counts as Asian, indicating that despite the cultural lag, the social norms of racial assignment are mutable. We discuss how disjunctures in racial assignment bias narratives of Asian Americans. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The current study examined media portrayals of immigrants and refugees and participants attitudes regarding immigrants, immigration policy, and Islamophobia using an experimental design. Participants included 284 male and female college students who were primed with negative, positive, or no media portrayals of immigrants and refugees prior to completing questionnaires related to their views regarding immigrants, immigration policy, and Islamophobia. It was hypothesized that there would be differences in participants attitudes based on experimental condition, with participants exposed to negative portrayals reporting more negative attitudes compared to the other experimental conditions. Factors related to participant susceptibility to media portrayals were also examined and were hypothesized to include participant age, race, biological sex, social class, and political and religious affiliation. Significant differences were found based on experimental condition for viewing immigration as an economic, physical, social cohesion, and modernity threat as well as physical benefits of immigration, intolerant attitudes toward immigrants, and affective-behavioral and cognitive Islamophobia. Participants who were primed with negative media portrayals reported more negative attitudes. In addition, biological sex, race, social class, and political and religious affiliation were found to relate to participant susceptibility to media portrayals of immigration and refugees. Implications for future research are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Attachment affects a child's well-being across their lifespan. This study aimed to describe internal working models of attachment in immigrant adolescents – an often overlooked population that frequently experiences caregiver separation. Data were collected from a high school for recently immigrated youth. Attachment was assessed using the Child Attachment Interview (CAI; n = 35) and personal experiences of separation from caregivers were assessed using a semi-structured interview (n = 31). Findings indicated 62.1% of respondents experienced the migration of one of their caregivers. Separation from mothers was linked to lower maternal attachment security. Descriptive data supported this result. Despite a small sample size, the current study utilized interview-based methods to provide in-depth characterizations of parental separation and adolescent attachment in an understudied population. Finally, the current study has implications for public policy debates regarding immigrant families, which have recently surged. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Amidst the cacophony of the Trump presidency, is it possible to unearth the logic behind his foreign policy? Do his strategy and tactics stem from him or are they a response to the changing international structure? This article addresses these questions and seeks to evaluate the Trump administration's foreign policy record on its own terms by examining his methods and objectives through three frames: 'Art of the Deal', 'Make America Great Again', and 'Stable Genius'. By applying these frameworks to three cases: (1) migration, (2) NATO funding and (3) trade, the article finds that, in general, the policies and methods of the administration have been unable to achieve the President's stated goals in the global arena. In conducting this analysis and evaluation, the article makes a novel contribution to understanding the policy and philosophy of the Trump administration's foreign policy and enhances understanding of the policy outcomes that US diplomacy is attempting to achieve. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper discusses the historical archaeology of migration in the American Southwest. I raise three points for consideration. First, the archaeology of migration in the Southwest following Spanish colonialism has been relatively absent, but is a rich area of inquiry for historical archaeologists. Second, migration has shaped the regional consciousness, landscape, and myth-making of the historic Southwest in significant ways that merit archaeological attention. Finally, drawing on the example of Alsatian migration to Texas, I propose that an attention to scale – how migrations occur alongside and within other movements – can add nuance to historical narratives of the West by highlighting the great diversity that characterizes the region throughout the historic period. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this article, I examine how the intersection of legal status and racialization shapes immigrant's sense of security; or of legal and interpersonal safety. I draw on an ethnography of Syrian refugees who hold a permanent legal status, and who entered the United States in 2015, as Donald Trump was launching his campaign, amplifying anti-Muslim and anti-refugee sentiment. Following refugee experiences from their arrival, through the issuance of the first executive order banning travel in January 2017, I show how this group, racialized as Muslim and Arab, was categorized as a threat to national security. I also capture the uneven way they came to recognize their racialization. While a permanent legal status is likely a necessary condition for feeling a sense of security in the United States, I argue that it is an insufficient one. I show that Syrian refugees' racialization attenuated their sense of security despite their legal status. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: This study examined the prevalence of past-year mental disorders and its correlates among Chinese international students in US higher education. Participants: A total of 222 Chinese international students participated in the study. Methods: Participants were recruited via a social marketing campaign and participated in an online survey. Results: The majority of the participants were female (65.3%) and graduate students (84.7%) with a mean age of 23.75 years. Of the sample, 77.9 and 74.3% reported having experienced depression and anxiety symptoms in the past year, respectively. Predictors of a higher past-year global mental health status were: not having a steady partner; being more likely to return China after graduation; a higher level of stress about the returning plan; and, a lower rating of cultural humility of key college/university personnel. Conclusions: These results suggest that mental health is a pressing issue facing Chinese international students and correlated with other psychosocial factors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Based on transatlantic correspondences, public accountants' memoirs and professional publications, this paper explores the strategies of the British professional accountants who moved to the United States between the 1880s and the early 1900s. Alternately offering their services as British expatriates or as US immigrants, they used co-ethnicity and intellectual capital as a set of flexible resources to advance their professional goals in the turbulent economic and political environment of the time. Their transnational experience highlights the pervasiveness of negotiations between professionals, their clients and state institutions on the models and standards of financial expertise. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Whereas conventional theories depict the migrant organization in terms of its social and cultural dimensions, an emerging line of research expands "established models" of migrant organizations, empirically by widening the scope of analysis to include informal entities, and theoretically by taking account of their complex, dynamic functions. This study joins such discussions by examining the activities of refugee-run organizational entities, and then developing a synthesizing theoretical framework. Data were collected through 40 interviews of organizational leaders in 30 U.S. states, using Bhutanese refugees as case study. Findings suggest five types of "welfare support activities" of refugee-run grassroots organizations, and thus a repositioning within their institutional network, raising questions about organizational legitimacy and access to resources. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

When discussing immigration on the campaign trail in 2016, Republican presidential nominee Donald Trump used the term 'bad hombres' to criticise immigrants, and in particular Latino men. Using a novel dataset of images accompanying immigration news stories in three major news magazines from 2000–2010, we examine the extent to which press coverage helped set the stage for this sort of racialised and gendered association. We find overwhelming support for the 'bad hombres' hypothesis, demonstrating that in comparison to the true demographics of immigrants in the U.S., press portrayals significantly over-represent Latino men and under-represent all other immigrant groups. Our results are particularly important in light of research demonstrating that individuals' political attitudes are influenced by the perceived 'target group,' or beneficiary, of a given policy, as well as scholarship demonstrating the media's role in fostering a sense of 'Latino threat.' [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As immigration and health policy continue to be contentious topics globally, anthropologists must examine how policy creates notions of health-related deservingness, which may have broad consequences. This paper explores hidden relationships between immigration enforcement laws and the most recent health reform law in the United States, the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act (ACA), which excludes immigrants from certain types of health services. Findings in this paper show how increasingly harsh immigration enforcement efforts provide health facilities a 'license to discriminate' against undocumented immigrants, resulting in some facilities 'dumping' undocumented patients or unlawfully transferring them from one hospital to another. Due to changes made through the ACA, patient dumping disproportionately complicates public hospitals' financial viability and may have consequences on public facilities' ability to provide care for all indigent patients. By focusing on the converging consequences of immigrant policing and health reform, findings in this paper ultimately show that examining deservingness assessments and how they become codified into legislation, which I call 'deservingness projects', can reveal broader elements of state power and demonstrate how such power extends beyond targeted populations. Exercises of state power can thus have 'spillover effects' that harm numerous vulnerable populations, highlighting the importance of medical anthropology in documenting the broad, hidden consequences of governmental actions that construct populations as undeserving of social services. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Data consists of 366 U.S. metropolitan areas in 2010. • Conceptualizes immigration as two distinct dimensions,immigrant concentration and immigrant diversity. • Findings suggest that immigrant diversity has positive effects while immigrant concentration has no significant effects on four aspects of urban quality of life. The growth and dispersion of immigrant populations in the United States in recent decades has sparked debate about the effects of immigration on the quality of life. Existing research provides evidence of both positive and negative effects, a result that we contend may reflect differing aspects of immigration. In this paper, we conceptualize immigration in urban areas as having two faces: immigrant concentration (the presence of large , concentrated populations of immigrants) and immigrant diversity (the presence of large , diverse populations of immigrants). For 366 U.S. metropolitan statistical areas, we examine how these two faces have influenced four dimensions of quality of life: economic well-being, social well-being, healthy living, and urban mobility. Controlling for appropriate covariates, we find that immigrant concentration tends to have negative effects on urban quality of life, but these effects dissipate when immigrant diversity is considered. On the other hand, immigrant diversity has positive and robust effects on all four dimensions of urban quality of life. We also find little evidence that these findings are an artifact of reverse causality, that is, the influence of quality of life measures on immigrant diversity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Discusses issues on illegal migration to the U.S. via the U.-S.-Mexico border. Information on the suicide of Kanu Okany Patel, a migrant from Gujarat, India; Efforts made by the U.S. to stem migration flows; Description of how the Indian migrants were treated.

The year 2018 saw a moral panic in the United States in the media and among many citizens over the treatment of refugees/asylees at the U.S. southern border, particularly the separation and detention of children apart from their parents. This happened in the context of a period in U.S. political history in which "immigration," without much discernment about different types of immigration, was central to political discourse. In fact, in terms of numbers, there was no immigration crisis at the border. Undocumented migration from Mexico across the southern border of the United States has been in decline for many years, and the irregular movement of people from El Salvador, Guatemala, and Honduras is currently small by historical standards. The only crisis, to which the U.S. panic was a response, has been a human rights crisis. Families and children seeking asylum from horrendous civil‐rights conditions in their countries of origin were criminalized and denied their right to asylum hearings. The panic points both to the extreme politicization of immigration in the United States, particularly since Donald Trump's entry into national politics in 2015, and to popular confusion over categorizing different types of immigrants. But it also raises questions about the nature of the U.S. southern border in relation to the United States' place in the world. Rather than thinking about the United States as simply the rich destination country of unfortunate people coming from poor origin countries, the refugee panic of 2018 brings into the focus the fact that the United States itself is complicit in the conditions in those countries that produce so many refugees in the first place. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Millions of mixed-status Latinx immigrant families in the United States are facing extreme stress and fear of family separation stemming from harsh immigration enforcement practices. In this paper, we suggest that true systemic practice involves knowledge and critical engagement with the broader contexts of families' lives. To this end, we review the history of immigration policy that created today's sociopolitical climate and help therapists situate themselves within this larger context. We then offer additional practice considerations for family therapy with mixed-status families, ranging from pre-intake concerns to community and advocacy work. Our hope is that therapists will use the areas of this paper that best fit their own practices and contexts, with the shared goal of providing ethical and just services to undocumented and mixed-status Latinx immigrant families. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Despite the centrality of politics in shaping the experiences and identities of thousands of Taiwanese migrants who came to the United States from the 1960s to the 1980s, there are very few scholarly treatments of diasporic Taiwanese activism in English-language literature. In this article, I look at New York as an important site in Taiwanese/American political history and locate it as part of an anticolonial, Sinophone political sphere. In particular, I consider how a subset of New York-based Taiwanese activists known as the Taiwan Revolutionary Party (TRP) strove to develop a leftist political praxis influenced by the Third World Left and internationalism, despite Cold War political and ideological conditions that severely limited their ability to do so. Their lives, thoughts, and actions, I argue, should be understood as part of a long and ongoing history of Asian/American political praxis and nationalist struggle. The TRP's enactment of Taiwanese consciousness revitalizes significant debates surrounding national identity, in particular, Frantz Fanon's distinction between national consciousness and nationalism, and contributes to a growing dialogue on the heterogeneity of Sinophone cultures, peoples, and politics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Sociopolitical discourses surrounding refugee migration and resettlement are characterized by divisiveness, assumptions, and fear. When these discussions are grounded in the narratives of women refugees a deeper understanding of issues impacting health, family, and resilience emerges. We examine how 26 Karen women living in camps along the Thai-Burma border construct meaning around health, in relation to livelihoods. Through directed content analysis, themes emerged: precursors to achieving health, health and livelihoods, and position and agency. Women identified barriers and facilitators to health, identified a dynamic relationship between health and livelihoods, and described their position and agency in the systems they navigate. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This research qualitatively examines experiences with the police for 42 interracial mixed-status couples, living or originating mainly from the Southern United States. Race-based policing operates within a structure of racist nativism where white skin is a marker of U.S. citizenship, and brown skin is an indication of being foreign-born. Law enforcement at all levels, including the local level, situated their attention toward Latino immigrant men, especially those perceived as working-class, when compared to white U.S. citizen wives. The penalties for racial profiling included family strain through detention and deportation of Latin-American born men. In addition to human rights violations for undocumented Latino immigrants, U.S. citizens are serving as collateral damage in an already broken immigration system that racially profiles Latino immigrant men. Couples' precariousness situations contest the rhetoric that police are only protecting citizens' national security. Framed by racist nativism, the findings have implications for anti-oppressive, evidence-based immigration policy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Most older people experiencing chronic health problems, physical disabilities, and memory losses are still able to age in place in their own homes. However, they often need help from others to enjoy healthy, active, and independent lives. They turn mostly to family members, mainly women and usually their daughters, daughters-in-law or wives. But caring for frail elders has become more demanding and complex, and these family members often feel physically and emotionally overwhelmed and burnt out. They concede that they cannot do it alone. Others find it more difficult to hold full-or even part-time jobs. Hiring home (direct) care workers to assist their loved ones can be an effective solution to ease their caregiving responsibilities. However, these personal care aides, home health aides, and nursing assistants are already in short supply. Moreover, going forward the aging of the baby boomer population will result in an even greater demand for their services even as these jobs are often unattractive to American-born workers and turnover is high. This country's immigration policies will make it even more difficult for women caring for older persons to hire these workers. Over 25 percent of home care workers are low-skilled immigrants or foreign-born. However, the Trump administration's policies reduce the number of immigrants entering the U.S. and specifically choke off the various pathways that enable low-skilled persons to be hirable in the home care sector. Female caregivers seeking relief from their caregiving responsibilities will lose out unless we remove these immigration barriers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Applying selected psychoanalytic constructs from Freud and Klein to recent pervasive rhetoric around anti-immigration in the United States, we conducted a critical discourse analysis of media and policy representations of immigrants in recent news coverage in the United States regarding the Trump Administration's response to (1) asylum claims related to domestic violence and gang violence and (2) undocumented immigrants. We illustrate how feared bad object/immigrants are constructed alongside the imagined good object/nationalism, as exemplified by Trump's motto – "Make America Great Again" (MAGA). We argue how this paranoid-schizoid position reifies racism veiled under nationalism and discuss how social workers could work together toward the depressive position re-imagining America-as-the-whole. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This project explores the influence of discursive interactions on driving moral panics by drawing on the theoretical strands of the public sphere and the white racial frame. We apply the framework of the Latino cyber-moral panic to understand online public discourse surrounding the criminalization of undocumented immigrants in the United States. With an ethnographic approach, we find the Internet becomes a cyber public sphere where user's interactions reinforce and are reinforced by a white racial frame; this then contributes to the spread of a moral panic, and ultimately reinforces systemic racism. We argue that social media sites and their discursive tools, such as hashtags, comments, and 'likes,' help to efficiently and continuously target Latino and undocumented immigrants. By weaving communication literature and critical race scholarship, we conceptualize the Internet as a powerful mechanism for the spread of white supremacy and systemic racism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article presents an interview with the social worker at the Madre Asunta migrant shelter for women and families in Tijuana, Mexico; Sister Salome Limas. Topics she discusses include her work at the facility, the evolution of migration and the causes of refugee crisis in the region. She also discusses the preference of refugees to stay in the region on not being able to enter U.S.

This article studies the effect of social sentiment on spouse-based immigration in the US using data on 27 origin countries from 1996 to 2013. We find that the number of immigrant spouses from a foreign country to the US is directly correlated with this country's popularity among Americans. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Despite the largely voluntary character of Nigerian immigration to the United States since 1970, it is not clear that their patterns of integration have emulated those of earlier immigrants who, over time, traded their specific national origins for "American" or "White" identities as they experienced upward mobility. This path may not be available to Nigerian immigrants. When they cease to be Nigerian, they may become black or African-American. In this paper, I use US Census data to trace patterns of identity in a Nigerian second-generation cohort as they advance from early school-age in 1990 to adulthood in 2014. The cohort shrinks inordinately across the period as its members cease to identify as Nigerian, and this pattern of ethnic attrition is most pronounced among the downwardly mobile - leaving us with a positively select Nigerian second generation and, perhaps, unduly optimistic assessments of Nigerian-American socioeconomic advancement. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]