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This article introduces a unique application, ClassDojo, that can be easily used in elementary classrooms, including physical education classes. Specifically, it describes the three features that are most relevant to class management, assessment, and communication in physical education. This application can enrich physical educators' repertoire of teaching strategies and bring about quality student learning outcomes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Gastrointestinal (GI) cancers are the third leading cause of cancer-related mortality worldwide. Disparities in healthcare frequently stem from variations in socioeconomic status (SES). This study investigated the influence of socioeconomic factors such as gender, race, age, and geography on time to treatment initiation (TTI) and survival outcomes. Methods: The study analyzed SES data, including age, race, geography, and insurance status, from GI cancer patients treated at Baptist Hospitals of Southeast Texas (BHSET) from 2012 to 2017. Logistic regression was performed for risk association. The primary outcomes were survival time and TTI. Results: Of 517 GI cancer patients, 359 had colorectal cancer. African Americans had higher treatment delays (odds ratio [OR]: 5.89, confidence interval [CI]: 4.02–8.62) than Caucasians (OR: 0.16, CI: 0.11–0.23). Patients >80 years had poorer survival (OR: 2.91, CI: 1.80–4.72) than younger ones. Those living 30 + miles from BHSET had longer TTI (OR: 1.85, CI: 1.19–2.87), especially within the colorectal cancer cohort (OR: 2.20, CI: 1.29–3.74). Medicare Advantage was linked to longer TTI (OR: 1.50, CI: 1.01–2.23). Medicare patients without supplemental insurance had lower survival overall (OR: 1.79, CI: 1.05–3.06) and among colorectal cancer patients (OR: 2.13, CI: 1.14–3.98). Conclusion: Addressing SES disparities and implementing targeted interventions is imperative to ensure equitable access to timely and effective cancer care. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study explores the integration of key Transformative Learning Theory (TLT) principles into design education to foster Visual Literacy (VL) and promote awareness of environmental issues among undergraduate students. Through thematic analysis of 22 illustrated infographics, ideation sketches and supporting textual data created by art and design students, the study examines patterns and insights related to perspective transformation, critical reflection, and visual writing skills. Findings reveal pedagogical efficacy when prompting students to explore counter-narratives to the prevailing negative zeitgeist, resulting in perspective transformation and critical reflection of the design process. In turn, this perspective shift and critical reflection fostered the development of students' abilities to convey complex ideas visually, thus broadening their visual vocabulary to advocate for positive change. Three main categories were considered: Critical Reflection, Perspective Transformation, and Visual Writing Skills, and six sub-categories were identified: Implicit Reflection, Paradigm Shift, Alternative Narratives, Rhetorical Concepts, Intentional Visual-Verbal Communication, and Emotional Visual Language. Implications for scholars include insights into curriculum development and the promotion of ethical and sustainable design practices, while pragmatic applications for faculty offer actionable recommendations for enhancing teaching practices. The study underscores the importance of ethical considerations, diverse perspectives, and real-world applications in nurturing students' growth as innovative, ethical and sustainable designers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Justice is a term increasingly used in rural studies and agri-food systems research. In this article, we examine how rural studies can gain by more directly integrating food justice and its focus on transformative intervention. First, we identify existing gaps in discussions about social justice in relation to rurality in the United States. Second, we analyze prominent food justice literature and its main conceptualizations, characteristics, and gaps in relation to rurality. Drawing on existing gaps and opportunities in rural studies and food justice, we discuss why and how critical analyses of race/white supremacy, intersectionality, and engaged scholarship can strengthen the study of injustices in rural settings. In prioritizing these aspects, rural scholars might adopt powerful lenses for interrogating the ongoing hegemonies of rural communities while also facilitating greater engagement in social justice within and outside our disciplines. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A point of study in the characterization of additive manufactured (AM) alloys is whether or not AM microstructure responds to external stimuli differently from conventionally manufactured alloys. Samples of Alloy 625, a nickel-based superalloy of interest, were produced by both additive manufacturing and conventional wrought methods. Samples of differing sizes were subjected to one of two different types of neutron fields during irradiation: fast neutron or reactor-spectrum neutron. Vickers microhardness measurements and transmission electron microscope images were used to analyze the differences between samples before and after they were subjected to the neutron fields. Results showed differing responses between the two fabrication methods. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Atmosphere -- Ocean (Taylor & Francis Ltd) is the property of Taylor & Francis Ltd and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Each year, 795,000 Americans experience a stroke. As stroke mortality declines, more individuals are in the chronic phase of recovery (>6 months post-stroke). Over 80% of stroke survivors have multiple, chronic health conditions (MCC). While the relationship between MCC and mortality and function during acute recovery has been explored, less is known about how MCC burden affects participation in chronic stroke survivors. This study investigated whether MCC burden is related to participation in those with chronic stroke. Two hundred and sixty-six participants with chronic (≥6 months) stroke were included in this cross-sectional and retrospective analysis. Participants had a mean age of 62.2 ± 12.8 years, and time since stroke (TSS) of 36.0 ± 44.6 months (114F/152 M). Participants completed the 6-minute Walk Test (6MWT), Activities-Specific Balance Confidence Scale (ABC), Modified Cumulative Illness Rating Scale (MCIR) to quantify the presence and severity of chronic illness across 14 body systems, and the Stroke Impact Scale – Participation subscale (SIS-P). Participation (SIS-P) was the dependent variable. Independent variables were entered into a sequential regression model in three blocks: demographic variables, physical capacity (6MWT distance) and balance self-efficacy (ABC), and MCC burden (MCIR). After adjusting for age, sex, and time since stroke, physical capacity and balance self-efficacy explained 31.4% (p < 0.001), and the MCC burden explained 2.0% (p = 0.004). Higher participation was related to lower MCC burden. MCC burden is a significant contributor to variance in participation in chronic stroke survivors, above and beyond demographics, physical capacity, and self-efficacy, and therefore should be considered when creating rehabilitation programs to improve participation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper provides background and context for a day conference marking the centenary of the death of the Revd John Clifford, a leading British Baptist minister of the late 19th and early 20th century. Brought up in a working class home on the Nottinghamshire/Derbyshire border, Clifford was trained at the Leicester General Baptist College, and spent his entire ministry at Praed Street/Westbourne Park Baptist Church in West London. There he studied at the University of London, gaining outstanding results in several Bachelor's degrees. He campaigned successfully to bring the Baptist Union and the New Connexion of General Baptists together in 1891. As President of the Baptist Union in 1888–89, he was involved in the Union's handling of the 'Downgrade Controversy' that had led to the withdrawal of C.H. Spurgeon (who remained a friend) from the Baptist Union, but did not secure his return. The later part of his career was dominated by the Education controversy, particularly in the passive resistance campaign in which many nonconformists refused to pay their education rate under the 1902 Education Act. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Healthcare providers often encounter clinical trial results in the form of visual data displays. Although there is a robust literature on patient responses to data displays in medical settings, less is known about how providers comprehend and apply this information. Our study provides a scoping review of the literature on providers' reactions to and perceptions of data displays. We searched article databases (PubMed, PsycINFO, Web of Science, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature, the Cochrane Library) supplemented by handsearching. Eligible articles were published in English from 1990 to 2020. We identified 15 articles meeting our criteria. Studies with physicians were more prevalent (13/15) than those with other healthcare providers (6/15). Commonly assessed outcomes included objective (10/15) and subjective comprehension (4/15), preference for certain data display formats (6/15), and hypothetical decision-making around prescribing (4/15). In studies that assessed comprehension of clinical trial concepts, scores were average or below what would be considered mastery of the information. Data display formats that were preferred did not always correlate with better comprehension of information; lesser preferred formats (e.g. icon array) often resulted in better comprehension. Our findings suggest that healthcare providers may not accurately interpret complex types of data displays, and it is unknown if such limitations affect actual decision-making. Interventions are needed to enhance comprehension of complex data displays within the context of prescription drug professional promotion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This pilot study explored effects of hearing loss on deaf children's reading comprehension in an online context. Eighteen deaf secondary students, ages 12–14 years (11 with British Sign Language as their dominant language, seven with English as their dominant language) engaged in an online research comprehension task. Six age-matched hearing spoken language bilingual students served as a comparison group. All participants were identified as confident readers by their teachers. Participants were asked to "think aloud" during an online search task to provide insights into their strategies. Additionally, participants completed a battery of assessments related to reading comprehension, vocabulary, non-verbal IQ, and working memory. Overall results showed similar use of strategies across all students. Strategies applied by the most skilled readers involved drawing on prior knowledge sources, e.g. informational websites or search engines, prior knowledge of the topic, and taking the time to read and evaluate website headings before deciding which one to use as source. Participants also made use of working memory skills. Findings highlight the importance of teaching online search and evaluation skills as part of the reading curriculum in schools. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Problematizing the notion of teacher shortage, the author asserts the complexity of intersecting systems that impact teacher pathways and school staffing. By assuming a collective responsibility for supporting teachers from pre-service into in-service roles, stakeholders can work across these systems to enact local solutions. Data from the City University of New York – a large public, urban university system – are presented to explore multiple issues impacting teacher pipelines. Support strategies and examples involve higher education, public school districts, state government and other partners. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article discusses the increasing presence of Artificial Intelligence (AI) in education and the need for educators to actively engage with AI research and development. It highlights examples of teachers incorporating AI activities in classrooms to empower students as critical and ethical AI users. The article also describes a specific AI learning activity conducted with second graders, where they learned about machine learning and generative AI by creating their own AI images. The success of this activity suggests that a foundational understanding of AI can enhance students' digital literacy and prepare them for discussions on media literacy and responsible digital use. The article concludes by mentioning other articles in the journal that focus on AI literacy among pre-service teachers and the perceptions of using AI in teaching. [Extracted from the article]

The aim of our study was to evaluate a protocol utilizing serum separator tubes (SST) to facilitate a faster, cost-effective, direct method for rapid sensitivity testing and identification of positive blood cultures. Spiked cultures were inoculated into either Becton Dickinson (BD) BACTECTM Aerobic Plus or Anaerobic/F bottles containing sterile human blood. Bottles were immediately processed when positive. A parallel study using patient isolates was used in which bacteria were pelleted by SST from positive blood cultures. For identification, a portion of the pellet was tested by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization as described by the manufacturer. MicroScan panels and Vitek 2 results were compared. Categorical agreement was used as comparison to standard subculture and/or polymerase chain reaction methods. No discordant identifications were observed, and 86% generated a successful identification when compared to subculture methods. For the Vitek 2, we observed a 99% essential agreement when compared to the subculture method. For the MicroScan Walkaway, we observed 94.9%, 97.4%, and 100% categorical agreement for MIC panels 53, 38, and MICroSTREP Plus 2, respectively. Turnaround times were reduced from 4 hours for identification and 11 hours for antimicrobial sensitivity testing. We conclude that the SST method results in timelier, actionable results for antimicrobial stewardship initiatives. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A 7-year-old, male neutered French Bulldog was referred to a specialist veterinary hospital for evaluation of progressive paraparesis of 6-months' duration. The owners reported both faecal and urinary incontinence at home. The dog presented with ambulatory paraparesis and pelvic limb ataxia that was more pronounced in the right pelvic limb. The pelvic limb withdrawal response and sciatic myotatic response were reduced bilaterally. Postural reaction responses were delayed in both pelvic limbs, and this was more obvious in the right pelvic limb. The anal tone and perineal sensation were normal at the time of examination. An L4–S3 myelopathy was suspected. CT of the spine revealed a compressive, bilobed, extramedullary, cyst-like structure within the vertebral canal, between L7 and S3. Surgical removal of the cyst via a L7–S1 dorsal laminectomy was performed. Histopathological examination and additional immunohistochemistry of the excised structure indicated a probable ependymal cyst with a ciliated lining. The dog recovered well post-operatively, and at follow-up 3 weeks later had some improvement of his neurological signs. The paraparesis and pelvic limb ataxia had improved; however, the remaining neurological examination was similar to the pre-surgical examination. Extradural cyst. Spinal cysts can contribute to clinical signs that resemble other common chronic spinal cord diseases, such as intervertebral disc disease. Therefore, this disease should be considered as a differential when dealing with cases of progressive paraparesis and pelvic limb ataxia. This case report may potentially provide opportunities in the future for further understanding of the pathogenesis, behaviour, outcomes and subclassification of spinal cysts in dogs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The artist, critic and curator Cordelia Oliver (1923–2009) was an integral figure in the cultural life of Scotland from the late 1950s to her death in 2009. A graduate of the Glasgow School of Art, Oliver gave up her career as a painter to become a freelance critic and curator, a dual role which allowed a unique perspective on the production and reception of contemporary art from Scotland over five decades. Her curatorial work aimed to showcase and develop the reputation of Scottish art in a British and international context. A member of the Scottish Committee of the Arts Council of Great Britain (later the Scottish Arts Council) and a founding member of Glasgow's Third Eye Centre, Oliver curated a large number of exhibitions throughout the 1970s and 1980s which reveal an implicit yet sustained effort to foreground and champion art by women. A close associate of the gallerist Richard Demarco, she contributed to projects which introduced avant-garde, experimental and cross-disciplinary practices to the relatively staid art institutions of 1970s and '80s Scotland. This article focuses on Oliver's activities as a 'maker of exhibitions' as an artist-curator and a polymathic 'participant observer' of the artists she critiqued and exhibited. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Experimentally characterizing radioactive materials can be time consuming and expensive. This is mainly due to the size requirements of inspected specimens. Due to the growing interest in using additively manufactured components in next-generation reactors, there is an urgent need to develop new accelerated testing techniques with regard to characterizing radiation damage. This will ensure a more timely certification of the unique material structures inherent to additively manufactured parts. In this study, we investigate a means to reduce the time investment, and thus the human exposure to radioactive specimens in need of experimental characterization. We determine the feasibility of using ultra-small specimens in lieu of much larger specimens to characterize bulk material properties before and after irradiation. Experiments were conducted to investigate this technique and compare it to conventional bulk irradiations and characterization activities. It was found that discernable radiation damage existed in the ultra-small specimens even after relatively short neutron irradiation times. The results also demonstrate decreased radiation hardening in additive manufactured Inconel 625 material relative to its wrought forms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Hypatia measurement campaign with YHx moderators and highly enriched uranium (HEU) was completed in January 2021 at the U.S. Department of Energy's National Criticality Experiments Research Center at the Nevada National Security Site. This measurement campaign provided unique integral measurements based on two experimental configurations and investigated the temperature effects of yttrium hydride (YHX = 1.8 and 1.9) in a critical reactor system, which is of potential interest for microreactor designs. The Hypatia experiment consisted of a fuel column composed of HEU, 93 wt% 235U discs, encapsulated YHX, aluminum oxide heater plates, and other moderator and reflector materials (beryllium, depleted uranium, and graphite) inserted into a thick beryllium reflector. During the Hypatia experiment, baseline measurements were taken at room temperature. The aluminum oxide heater plates were specially designed and used for this project to increase the central core temperature to a range of temperatures, after which additional reactivity measurements were taken. Thermal and neutronic calculations predicted that YHX is a unique material that can exhibit a positive temperature coefficient of reactivity (i.e., reactivity can increase as the temperature in the YHX increases). Reactors using YHX should account for this unique feature during design, and the results of the Hypatia experiment significantly aid that process. For configuration 1, six different temperature reactivity measurements were taken with four YHX cans in the fuel column. For configuration 2, six different temperature reactivity measurements were taken with two YHX cans in the fuel column. The use of these two configurations provide a comparison of neutronic effects from the YHX cans versus other components. Preliminary conclusions show the positive temperature coefficient is similar but slightly less than predicted by simulations. These two sets of data will be used to separate the reactivity coefficients of the fuel and other materials in the fuel column. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Three different farms reported cases of angular limb deformities (ALD) in rising 2-year-old velvet, mostly red deer (Cervus elaphus), stags with the earliest recorded cases occurring in 2010. Farm 1 reported a prevalence of 10–35%, farm 2, 5–11.5%, and farm 3, 2–5%. Farms 1, 2, and 3 are located in South Canterbury, northern Southland, and the Waikato, respectively. Affected animals developed ALD, with predominantly varus forelimb (bowed) deformities. On all farms serum calcium and phosphorus concentrations in affected animals were normal. Serum and liver copper concentrations were variable across the period of the study and between farms. Although some measurements were below the reference ranges, there was no evidence for a statistical association with the prevalence of abnormalities. The distal radius from 25 affected and four control red and red-wapiti (Cervus canadensis) cross deer from Farm 1 in 2010/2011, two affected red deer from Farm 2 in 2016, and one affected red deer from Farm 3 in 2021, were examined. The most consistent lesions were present in the distal radial physis, most commonly the lateral edge. There was mild-to-severe segmental thickening of the physis and, in some animals, physeal cartilage was duplicated with both sections of physis varying in thickness. Microscopically, in severely affected animals there was massive segmental thickening of physeal cartilage which often contained large cystic cavities. The cartilage matrix was eosinophilic and showed a loss of metachromatic staining with toluidine blue. In less severe cases, necrotic physeal vessels were present, consistent with vascular failure. In more chronic cases, there was duplication of the physis, the two layers being separated by a combination of normal trabecular bone and dense fibrous connective tissue. Physeal osteochondrosis. Osteochondrosis has a multifactorial aetiology and we propose that an increased requirement for nutrients for velvet production and increased weight-bearing stress (behaviour and rapid weight gain) may lead to progression of osteochondrosis and ALD in these deer. The involvement of periods of copper deficiency is unclear at this time. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

While epigenetic mechanisms such as DNA methylation and histone modification are known to be important for gene suppression, relatively little is still understood about the interplay between these systems. The UHRF1 protein can interact with both DNA methylation and repressive chromatin marks, but its primary function in humans has been unclear. To determine what that was, we first established stable UHRF1 knockdowns (KD) in normal, immortalized human fibroblasts using targeting shRNA, since CRISPR knockouts (KO) were lethal. Although these showed a loss of DNA methylation across the whole genome, transcriptional changes were dominated by the activation of genes involved in innate immune signalling, consistent with the presence of viral RNA from retrotransposable elements (REs). We confirmed using mechanistic approaches that 1) REs were demethylated and transcriptionally activated; 2) this was accompanied by activation of interferons and interferon-stimulated genes and 3) the pathway was conserved across other adult cell types. Restoring UHRF1 in either transient or stable KD systems could abrogate RE reactivation and the interferon response. Notably, UHRF1 itself could also re-impose RE suppression independent of DNA methylation, but not if the protein contained point mutations affecting histone 3 with trimethylated lysine 9 (H3K9me3) binding. Our results therefore show for the first time that UHRF1 can act as a key regulator of retrotransposon silencing independent of DNA methylation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Journal of Digital Learning in Teacher Education (JDLTE) is facing challenges with an increase in submissions and difficulty in getting reviewers to complete timely reviews. However, they have found reassurance in an article that highlights the peer review crisis faced by many research journals. The JDLTE, supported by ISTE, has an advantage in addressing these challenges due to its focused community of scholars and practitioners. The journal is also exploring the use of AI tools like ChatGPT to assist in the editing process, with scholars generally agreeing on the potential benefits and limitations of AI in peer review. The JDLTE plans to work with other journal editors to develop guidelines for AI applications. In addition to these discussions, the current issue of the JDLTE features articles on improving pre-service teachers' argumentation skills, developing customized online professional development programs for teachers, and the impact of teaching experience on the application of maker-centered instruction. [Extracted from the article]

Plastic-focused collection surveys are a fundamental starting point for locating, identifying and assessing the conservation needs of polymer-based objects, and are increasingly conducted internationally. As surveys are both time- and people-intensive, it is critical to ensure the optimal usefulness of the data for the institution and wider conservation community through consistent documentation, using flexible robust data structures, and making results accessible. However, only summaries of survey results have been published in the conservation literature, resulting in a lack of continuity and information dissemination. This is problematic for institutions without the necessary resources to conduct extensive surveys and to identify polymer types. This paper outlines the collaborative development of a plastic-focused collection survey methodology, highlighting the importance of developing and testing standardised procedures, engaging with expert collaborators, and ensuring results are accessible. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Multimodal texts (composing and reading) deserve specific attention in our language arts curriculum. This article aims to share a collaborative effort between 7th grade students and preservice teachers engaged in a digital writing unit centered on Choose Your Own Adventure stories. In particular, we emphasize how digital writing offers students flexibility, choice, and nonlinear thinking during writing. We provide details on how preservice teachers taught this digital writing unit virtually during Covid, offering student examples and a student-created rubric. We end by sharing our successes and potential concerns for both groups of students as well as our experiences facilitating. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Museum of Fine Arts, Boston's exceptional exhibit I Fabric of a Nation: American Quilt Stories i opens with a display of three red, white, and blue colored textiles. But while the exhibit's catalog identifies the quilt's maker as likely a white woman, the exhibit label neglects to do so - shying away from naming the dynamics of this "complicated history." One a loan from the National Museum of American History, Smithsonian Institution, and the other, like most works in the exhibit, held in M.F.A. Boston's permanent collection, the exhibit installs them together for the first time. [Extracted from the article]

The Journal of Digital Learning in Teacher Education (JDLTE) is celebrating its 40th anniversary in 2024. The journal was initially sponsored by the International Council on Computers in Education (ICCE) and titled The SIG Bulletin. It later became the Journal of Computing in Teacher Education (JCTE) before changing its title to the Journal of Digital Learning in Teacher Education in 2010. The journal has published articles on technology in teacher education for four decades and continues to promote research and practice in this field. The current issue features articles on topics such as instructional videos, technology integration in literacy instruction, the use of artificial intelligence in education in Spain, and the use of student personas in developing digital mathematics learning resources. [Extracted from the article]

Visual literacy equips learners with the dispositions to critically create, analyse, use, and share visual information. As one component of a discerning, ethical citizenry, visual literacy has become more essential in a rapidly evolving information ecosystem. Against this backdrop, the current Association of College and Research Libraries Visual Literacy Task Force conducted qualitative research from 2019 to 2021, interviewing visual literacy and information literacy experts to identify emergent trends, challenges, and opportunities shaping visual literacy in the twenty-first century. The findings from this study broaden current understandings of visual literacy and empower learners, educators, and practitioners to critically create, share, evaluate, and use visuals in an ever-changing information landscape. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Fencing is growing rapidly in popularity and competitiveness with fencers beginning at a younger age and competing in more tournaments. Even though fencing has a low risk of time-loss injury, fencers are inevitably going to experience injuries if proper athletic training and prevention does not occur. We aim to describe and compare the lower extremity injuries experienced by fencers that have trained at the highest level in the sport. We hypothesized that athletes who fenced longer would suffer more knee and hip injuries and report lower IKDC and HOS scores. This is an epidemiology study distributed to members of the U.S. national team and Olympic team from 1980 to 2018. The electronic survey included questions regarding age, weapon, number of years fencing, number of national and Olympic teams, injuries on the dominant and nondominant hip and knee, time missed due to injury, and methods for treatment. The survey also included the International Knee Demographic Committee (IKDC) and Hip Outcome Score (HOS). There were 153 national team members between July 1980 and July 2018, 110 with contact information. A total of 77 athletes submitted the survey, consisting of 30 females and 47 males. Female fencers had more hip injuries and lower IKDC and HOS scores than their male counterparts. In total, there were 71 injuries to the dominant (front) knee and 28 injuries to the nondominant (back) knee. There were 32 dominant hip injuries and 5 nondominant hip injuries. Saber fencers reported the most dominant and nondominant hip and knee injuries. The intense, repetitive and asymmetrical movements involved in fencing affect the weight bearing leg and the nondominant leg in all weapons. Special attention should be paid to female fencers as they experience more hip and knee injuries resulting in impaired joint function. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Kiva is the property of Taylor & Francis Ltd and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Kilowatt Reactor Using Stirling TechnologY (KRUSTY) was a prototype for the U.S. National Aeronautics and Space Administration's Kilopower Program. KRUSTY has a highly enriched uranium–molybdenum alloy (with 7.65 wt% molybdenum) annular core reflected by beryllium oxide with an outer stainless steel shield. Five configurations from the experimental campaign were chosen to be evaluated as benchmark cases. Uncertainties were evaluated in five categories: (1) criticality measurement, (2) mass and density, (3) dimensions, (4) material compositions, and (5) positioning. The largest contribution to the overall uncertainty in each case was from the radial alignment of the movable platen. A simplified model was created to increase computational efficiency, and an average bias of –16 pcm was calculated due to the simplifications. Sample calculations were completed for each case using MCNP6.2, COG, and MC21, all with ENDF/B-VIII.0 nuclear data. For MCNP6.2, the average difference (absolute value) between the calculated and experimental keff for the five configurations was 14 pcm for both the detailed and the simplified models. The keff results from all three codes are within 1σ of the benchmark values. KRUSTY's value as a benchmark is due to its sensitivity to beryllium and molybdenum. For beryllium, KRUSTY adds an 18th benchmark with a total cross-section sensitivity greater than 0.05%/%/(unit lethargy). For molybdenum, KRUSTY adds a 9th benchmark with a total cross-section sensitivity greater than 0.004%/%/(unit lethargy). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article focuses on the critical role of museums in the success of early childhood art education through partnerships with educators and social service organizations. Topics discussed include the concept of the community-of-practice model in the museum context, an imbalance of power characterizing museum's relationships with outside collaborators, the roles of museum educators in these partnerships, and the training of museum educators.

Objective:This systematic review and meta-analysis evaluated the effect of telehealth (TH) weight management interventions compared to usual care on anthropometric outcomes in children and adolescents with overweight and obesity. Methods: Comprehensive searches were conducted identifying randomized controlled trials (RCTs) published between January 1, 2005 and June 1, 2019. Studies using a web-based, smartphone or email TH intervention in children between 2–18 years of age were included. Outcome measures of interest included body mass index (BMI) z-score, BMI percentile, waist circumference (WC) and waist-to-hip-ratio (WHR). The Grade Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) approach was used to rate strength of evidence (SOE) and a random-effects meta-analysis was performed when five or more RCTs reported the same outcome. Results: Thirteen RCTs met the inclusion criteria for the systematic review. Random effects meta-analysis of 10 RCTs detected a small effect for TH interventions compared to usual care in reducing BMI z-score (pooled net change in BMI z-score=-0.04; 95% CI -0.07, 0.00: I2=12%). No significant differences were found between groups for other outcomes. Strength of evidence ratings were low or very low in part due to concerns with heterogeneity in study designs, intervention durations, ages of participants, the type of TH used and risk of bias (ROB) of included studies. Conclusions: There is a low strength of evidence that TH had a small effect on anthropometric outcomes compared to usual care. Future RCTs should be well designed to minimize clinical heterogeneity and ROB. Studies of longer intervention duration with adequate, statistically powered analyses should be conducted. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

On 30 April 1945, Saul Stein, leading aircraftman in 126 Wing of the Royal Canadian Air Force (RCAF), wrote home to his siblings: 'I want you to know [,] that your brother Saul was the first Canadian Jewish boy to enter a concentration camp filled with Jews' (127). Saul Stein's letter is one of thirty-five testimonies of Canadian participants in the liberation and subsequent relief of Bergen-Belsen which form the major part of Mark Celinscak's latest book. The diversity of this Canadian engagement with Belsen demonstrates what Celinscak characterizes as the multifaceted nature of the liberation. [Extracted from the article]

The crown-post roof appeared in England in the second half of the thirteenth century and persisted until the early sixteenth century in the south-east of England. Rafter holes are found in these roofs near to the feet of the rafters on their lower faces. They are blind holes typically 75 mm to 100 mm deep by about 25 mm in diameter. Various theories have been put forward over the years to explain their function. This paper reviews the evidence found on the rafters and integrates it into a revision of one of the earlier theories which suggested that rafter holes formed part of a jig or templet. This jig was used to ensure that the collars were at the correct height relative to the crown plate (or collar purlin). These ideas have been applied in the prefabrication of a new crown-post roof. Evidence is also presented showing how the practice of using jigs to help prefabricate rafter cross-frames may also have been applied to some other roof types such as scissor-braced and side-purlin roofs, in south-east England. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The left hemisphere is dominant for language in most people, but lateralization strength varies between different tasks and individuals. A large body of literature has shown that handedness is associated with lateralization: left handers have weaker language lateralization on average, and a greater incidence of atypical (right hemisphere) lateralization; but typically, these studies have relied on a single measure of language lateralization. Here we consider the relationships between lateralization for two different language tasks. We investigated the influence of handedness on lateralization using functional transcranial Doppler sonography (fTCD), using an existing dataset (N = 151 adults, 21 left handed). We compared a speech production task (word generation) and a semantic association task. We demonstrated stronger left-lateralization for word generation than semantic association; and a moderate correlation between laterality indices for the two tasks (r = 0.59). Laterality indices were stronger for right than left handers, and left handers were more likely than right handers to have atypical (right hemisphere) lateralization or inconsistent lateralization between the two tasks. These results add to our knowledge of individual differences in lateralization and support the view that language lateralization is multifactorial rather than unitary. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cutaneous injury and irritation among health care workers has substantially risen during the COVID-19 pandemic. In a field already laden with skin-induced injury and irritation due to high levels of handwashing and glove wearing, increases have been reported in handwashing-induced xerosis, irritant dermatitis, and contact dermatitis from N95 respirators and other surgical masks. Masks, goggles, face shields, and gloves all potentially create abrasions from long hours of use, leading to itching, pain, and aggravation of underlying skin conditions. Personal protective equipment (PPE)–related skin injury can be serious, and the American Academy of Dermatology has released recommendations on preventing and treating occupationally induced dermatologic conditions during the COVID-19 pandemic. These are reviewed and discussed in conjunction with overarching guidelines for mitigating the spread of the virus. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

(Black, [1]) I Teaching AI: Exploring New Frontiers for Learning i (see https://my.iste.org/s/store) - Learn about what AI is, how it works and use it to guide and create AI integration ideas for classrooms. From a research perspective, we need more studies (especially within teacher education) that explore the impact of both computational thinking and AI on teaching and learning. [Extracted from the article]

Keywords: Diné; Navajo; Navajo archaeology EN Diné Navajo Navajo archaeology 253 267 15 09/28/21 20210901 NES 210901 Given mainstream Southwestern archaeology's overwhelming engagement with Ánaasází[1] research, it might come as a surprise to some to learn that Diné (Navajo) people have been directly involved in archaeology since its formative years in the region. Importantly, the session centered the voices and work of seven Diné archaeologists and one Diné-owned CRM company. 63 Thompson, Kerry F. 2011 The Navajo Nation, Diné Archaeologists, Diné Archaeology, and Diné Communities. They use archaeology and oral tradition to demonstrate ways that Diné have historically worked within and around American systems of containment - the reservation, boarding schools, and wage labor - to live life as Diné. [Extracted from the article]

Over the last 50 years, there have been major advances in knowledge and technology regarding genetic diseases, and the subsequent ability to control them in a cost-effective manner. This review traces these advances through research into genetic diseases of animals at Massey University (Palmerston North, NZ), and briefly discusses the disorders investigated during that time, with additional detail for disorders of major importance such as bovine α-mannosidosis, ovine ceroid-lipofuscinosis, canine mucopolysaccharidosis IIIA and feline hyperchylomicronaemia. The overall research has made a significant contribution to veterinary medicine, has provided new biological knowledge and advanced our understanding of similar disorders in human patients, including testing various specific therapies prior to human clinical trials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Youth sport coaches have an incredibly complex and challenging role. The physical developmental changes that youth and adolescents go through can seemingly happen overnight. It is not surprising, therefore, that coaches spend most of their time thinking about how to help players with their physical skills. However, the significant developmental changes (e.g. cognitive, social, and emotional) that are happening just below the surface are equally as important and may be the key to an athlete improving. The purpose of this article is to describe how coaches can incorporate strategies for developing mental skills in a youth sport setting. Three areas, cognitive, social, and emotional development, are discussed with specific strategies for how to coach when working with youth across various sport settings. In considering each of these areas of development, critical milestones are highlighted with a short discussion of how those milestones might impact youth sport coaching. The article also provides suggestions on how to teach mental skills to youth. Finally, a season-long planning tool for incorporating mental skills into training is discussed. Ultimately, understanding how athlete development should impact your coaching and how you can train mental skills are two areas that can improve your effectiveness as a coach. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Discovery awareness (DA) is an approach to using video within structured meetings to help staff become more mindful, aware and interested in a client they are supporting who has intellectual disabilities and challenging behaviour. The objective was to evaluate whether, and how, DA is helpful for staff in both inpatient and community settings, and whether it increases self-efficacy in working with people with challenging behaviour. A two-phase mixed method design was employed. For phase 1, forty staff who took part in one of seven single DA meetings completed the Challenging Behaviour Self-Efficacy Scale pre- and post-DA. In addition, post-DA, participants completed an Adapted Helpful Aspects of Therapy Scale (AHAT). For phase 2, six participants completed a follow-up Change Interview; 3–12 weeks after DA. Descriptive statistics reveal participants found events in the DA 'greatly helpful'. The changes identified varied in whether they were expected or not, but were unlikely to occur without DA and 'very important'. Statistical analysis showed no significant changes in self-efficacy following the DA. A thematic analysis on the qualitative data generated by the change interviews and AHAT identified three main themes: Impact on interaction; DA is unique and valuable; and the power of the process. The latter had three subthemes: a structure to facilitate change, making use of the content and reflective space to promote learning. Attendance at a single DA meeting does not increase staff perceptions of self-efficacy, however, staff find the process of DA helpful as it encourages reflection on their interactions with individuals with intellectual disability and challenging behaviour and attuning of their interactions, though further research is needed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and Purpose: Stroke can have a devastating impact on the mental and physical health of stroke survivors and their carers. We aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of a novel psychosocial intervention designed to improve health outcomes in both groups. Methods: We conducted a randomized controlled trial of a personalized psychosocial intervention (eight 1-hour weekly sessions plus one booster) compared to usual care for adult stroke survivors and carers. Participants recruited from hospital services and community referrals completed questionnaires at baseline, 3, 6, and 12 months. Primary outcomes were quality of life and self-efficacy; secondary outcomes were depressive and anxiety symptoms, coping, illness perception, work and social adjustment, carer strain, and carer satisfaction. Mixed-effect model repeated measures analysis between groups and across time was conducted. Results: Of the 173 participants recruited (89 stroke survivors; 84 carers), a total of 137 participants – 73 stroke survivors (intervention n = 42; usual care n = 31) and 64 carers (intervention n = 35; usual care n = 29) – underwent analysis up to 12 months. No statistically significant differences were found in the primary outcomes between groups over time, though a significant improvement in carer satisfaction was found at 6 months in the intervention group compared to the usual care group. Conclusion: A personalized psychosocial intervention resulted in a significant improvement in carer satisfaction at 6 months but in no other outcomes. A lack of available services and barriers to social engagement may have impeded the effectiveness of this intervention. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

New and emerging infectious diseases such as the Ebola virus and the recent coronavirus create ideal conditions for cross-border disease outbreaks. The need to undertake comparative studies across contexts in affected regions becomes important for health communication and policy decision making. The purpose of this study is to compare the differences in knowledge, risk perception, affect, and self-efficacy about Ebola between respondents in an affected and an unaffected but proximate country in West Africa. This study used a survey with multi-stage sampling of community members in two peri-urban districts in Ghana and Liberia. Transmission knowledge lowered comparative vulnerability and perceived risk, while knowledge about signs and symptoms and knowledge about prevention increased self-efficacy. But knowledge was not a predictor of self-efficacy. Affective imagery analysis presents distinct affective profiles of respondents in the two countries. Different kinds of knowledge relate to risk perception and self-efficacy differently and this should be considered when developing health communication campaigns. Health and risk communication should no longer be just a context specific affair but must have a regional or sub-regional component that considers unaffected but at-risk countries. Finally, risk and health communicators need to consider the affective states of community members because affective states may indicate the basic feeling (individual and societal) profile of the audience, which will be beneficial for determining the level and type of messaging likely to be effective. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article discusses issues on the rule of law and public transcript in the dispute between the Accompong Maroons and the colonial Jamaican government over the Fullerswood Estate in 1894-1899. Also cited are the efforts by the Maroons led by Major Robert Stone to develop the property, the negotiations to resolve the dispute, and the use of the 1842 Land Allotment Act as the basis of judgment.

The purpose of this Strategies feature series is to provide coaches examples of how they could integrate the NSSC within coaching practice. The series begins with Neelis and colleagues describing the importance of developing the profession of sport coaching, how the profession has evolved over time, and the importance of personal professional development in moving the profession forward. The remaining articles in the series provide opportunities for personal professional development for coaches across the youth sport, interscholastic, intercollegiate, and high-performance coaching contexts. The intent of each article is to use vignettes, coach stories, and practical examples to help coaches see how they could align their own coaching practice with the NSSC as well as provide resources for coaches wanting to further develop their coaching. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Visual literacy has evolved alongside information literacy and media literacy, reflecting social, technological, and cultural changes. Rapidly advancing technology, multimodal access to information and disinformation, and political rhetoric increasingly impact the perception, trust, and use of visual media. These broader technological and cultural shifts also change what it means to be a visually literate individual in the twenty-first century. Although much has been written about visual literacy, there is very little that reviews scholarship that uses the 2011 ACRL Visual Literacy Competency Standards for Higher Education. Through an analysis of 196 articles published from 2011 to 2019, this study examines how the standards, which outline visual literacy competencies for learners in the twenty-first century, have been used since their adoption, by whom, and for what purposes. This study unveils an emerging shift in the paradigm of visual literacy scholarship. Abbreviations: ACRL: Association of College and Research Libraries; Visual Literacy Standards: Visual Literacy Competency Standards for Higher Education; the Standards: Information Literacy Competency Standards for Higher Education; the Framework: Framework for Information Literacy for Higher Education. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Little is known about the impact of a participatory approach in adolescent health research and the specific benefits youth derive from such experiences. This study evaluates the benefits and limitations of involving young patients as co-researchers in the creation and execution of an international participatory health research project. Methods: Standardized feedback surveys and qualitative interviews were employed to evaluate the impact of co-researchers' personal and academic growth. Participation was determined by the percentage of youth members actively engaged (75% or more), and outcome of a completed project. Results: 16 adolescents aged 13–23 years representing 9 global academic institutions participated. Eighty-one per cent of participants reported interest in health research and 100% felt that their participation made an impact on paediatric healthcare. Discussion: The shift in roles from patient to research partner is echoed in the strong conviction of the newfound possibilities of accomplishment as a group. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Pectoralis major ruptures are increasing in incidence primarily due to an increase in awareness, activity level among young males between 20 and 40 years of age, and use of anabolic steroids. Although the majority of pectoralis major ruptures are acute injuries, many chronic ruptures are unrecognized and it is imperative to understand the proper evaluation of these injuries, as well as the appropriate treatment for acute and chronic ruptures. Purpose: Pectoralis major ruptures can lead to deformity and physical disability if left untreated. This review paper discusses both acute and chronic ruptures as well as indications for nonoperative treatment and operative treatment to give the reader the best understanding of this diagnosis and proper management. Methods: A systematic review of the literature was performed using a search of electronic databases. Search terms such as pectoralis major rupture, pectoralis major repair, pectoralis major tendon transfer, and pectoralis major nonoperative treatment were used. Case reports, systematic reviews, prospective and retrospective studies were included to provide a comprehensive review. The only exclusion criteria consisted of studies not published in English. This review article includes the anatomy and biomechanics of the pectoralis major muscle, proper evaluation of the patient, operative and nonoperative treatment of acute and chronic pectoralis major ruptures, and outcomes of the recommended treatment. Conclusion: Nonoperative treatment is indicated for patients with medical comorbidities, older age, incomplete tears, or irreparable damage. Patients treated non-operatively have been shown to lose strength, but regain full range of motion. Patients with surgery before 6 weeks reported better outcomes than patients with surgery between 6 and 8 weeks. The chronicity of the rupture (>8 weeks) increases the likelihood of reconstruction, involving the use of autografts or allografts. Patients treated with delayed repair had significantly better strength, satisfaction, and outcomes than patients with nonoperative treatment. The pectoralis tendon can also be transferred in patients with rotators cuff tears, atrophy, or significant functional limitation. Tendon transfers have been shown to have unpredictable outcomes, but overall satisfactory results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]