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Background: Adiponectin (ADP) polymorphisms associated with diabetes mellitus in several populations. However, no previous studies have investigated its association with diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN). Our study examined the association between ADP-linked SNPs and DPN susceptibility. Methods: We randomly recruited 160 diabetes mellitus (DM) patients and 80 healthy individuals. Results: The C allele of rs3821799 increased DPN susceptibility. In normal individuals, GG of rs3774261 carriers had 7.1 times higher DPN susceptibility than AA carriers. The haplotype analyzes indicated CGG might increase DPN susceptibility. Conclusion: Our study demonstrated that ADP gene polymorphisms are associated with the susceptibility to DPN. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]