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BackgroundMethodsResultsDiscussionEvidence suggests that individuals with a diagnosis of schizophrenia have lower self-concept clarity and that an unclear self-concept is related to symptom severity. The aim of this study was to investigate whether self-concept clarity is linked to functional impairments and hope for the future in individuals with schizophrenia.A sample of 130 individuals diagnosed with schizophrenia completed the Self-Concept Clarity Scale (SCCS), the Work and Social Adjustment Scale (WSAS), and the Schizophrenia Hope Scale (SHS-9).Lower self-concept clarity was associated with more functional impairments and less hope for the future. These results remained significant when adjusting for sociodemographic and illness course variables.In individuals diagnosed with schizophrenia, self-concept clarity may play a role in daily functioning and hope for the future. The implications for interventions aimed at improving functional outcomes and recovery prospects are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Studies report that speech-to-text applications (STT) may support students with writing difficulties in text production. However, existing research is sparse, shows mixed results, and lacks information on STT interventions and their applicability in schools. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate whether a systematic and intensive assistive technology intervention focusing on STT can improve text production. A modified multiple-baseline across-subject design was used involving eight middle school students, four Norwegian and four Swedish. Their STT-produced narrative texts were collected during and after the intervention and the productivity, accuracy, and text quality were analysed. Keyboarding was the baseline control condition. The results demonstrated that seven of the eight students increased text productivity and that the proportion of word-level accuracy was maintained or improved. The use of punctuation progressed in participants with poor baseline skills. Most students' STT-produced texts had at least a similar ratio of meaningfulness and text quality as keyboarding. However, the magnitude of the changes and development patterns varied, with three students showing the most notable impacts. In conclusion, this study's intervention seemed beneficial in initially instructing STT, and the progress monitoring guided individually adapted future interventions such as balancing productivity and formal language aspects. Removing the spelling barrier with STT provided an opportunity for students to improve their higher-order skills, such as vocabulary diversity and overall text quality. Furthermore, visible progress, such as the ability to produce longer texts, might motivate continued STT usage. However, such development may not always be immediate. IMPLICATIONS FOR REHABILITATION: Speech-to-text (STT) may be an effective tool for developing text production in students with severe reading and writing difficulties. For example, enhanced text length can provide teachers with more material for feedback, guiding students towards improved text production. Text-to-speech may further enhance the usefulness of STT in text production by facilitating the revision process through listening to produced sentences and texts. By continuously monitoring students' STT usage and text production, teachers can tailor the content for further interventions to address individual needs such as sentence construction and text planning. Early STT intervention seems beneficial, allowing more time to practise advanced skills in text production when bypassing spelling. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

During COVID-19, distance learning has given students around the world unforeseen challenges, including the way their learning is being assessed. Assessment for learning (AfL) can contribute to the development of students' strategies to meet unknown challenges as lifelong learners. The purpose of AfL is to inform learning, and it can play a significant role in achieving lifelong learning strategies, such as self-regulation, effectiveness and independent learning. This article presents qualitative findings from a study examining students' perceptions (24 students) of teaching and assessment practices in upper secondary school in Norway in the spring of 2020. The findings show that students valued individual teacher feedback to support learning. The students experienced flexibility in teaching practices, and moreover, they were trusted to do the work they were told. However, regarding assessments, they felt it was unfair and that student involvement in assessment was lacking. There was little variation in the assignments, which were mostly individual, written assignments. An important message is that they missed collaborating with other students and that many of them were left alone with their schoolwork. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

One may wonder why countries have used different public policies to cope with the Covid-19 pandemic. We argue that social trust could be the missing link in explaining why these public policies vary in stringency. Based on the logic of game theory, we draw the hypothesis that more social trust in a society means that less stringent policies are needed to abate the COVID-19 pandemic. Empirical results at both country and individual levels confirm this hypothesis. The implications for public policy stemming from these findings suggest the necessity of addressing initiatives like Team Europe's 2020 package launched by the European External Action Service (EEAS) to combat Covid-19 in non-EU nations. The more social trust in a society, the higher the likelihood of informal cooperation. Thus, less stringent policies are needed to abate the COVID-19 pandemic. In perspective, policymakers are likely to encounter fewer compliance issues and more cooperative behavior in countries with high levels of trust when confronting future crises. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Air quality in 36 Danish storage buildings was investigated, ranging from naturally ventilated historical buildings to modern purpose-built storage facilities, some with full HVAC climate control systems. Most were able to maintain a humidity level within 40–60% RH. The main deviations were for older heated buildings without humidity control, resulting in dry winter periods. Many modern stores were un-heated, which resulted in an annual average temperature about 12–13°C, and a high (>80) time-weighted preservation index (TWPI). The older buildings often struggled to maintain a moderate temperature, but experienced summer levels of 20–30°C. This lowered the TWPI considerably, typically to index 40–80. Concentration of organic acids in air was below 50 ppb for 22 sites, and only high (>100 ppb) for a few sites due to off-gassing from heritage materials. The outdoor pollutants ozone and nitrogen dioxide were mainly found in low concentrations indoors (<5 ppb) except for a few locations with forced but unfiltered air intake. Low-energy storage had the lowest energy consumption of <3 kWh/m3 annually, while repositories with traditional climate control systems were in the range of 10–30 kWh/m3. Information on energy consumption in storage buildings is sparse, and the authors call for more research. The most optimal solutions were offered by the modern low-energy buildings, where the best conservation conditions as defined by TWPI (high), pollution levels (low), and energy consumption (low) were observed, and where sustainable operation such as sharing space between several institutions was often practiced. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study explores school leaders' and teachers' experiences of leadership in assessment during the Covid-19 lockdowns. A total of 148 school leaders and 582 teachers participated in a survey, and 15 school leaders from four schools also participated in focus group interviews. In Norway, the pandemic led to closed schools for long periods, from spring 2020 to spring 2022. Moreover, all final exams were cancelled, and all final gradings were made by individual teachers. In a disruptive and chaotic situation, it was up to school leaders at each school to ensure that teachers' assessment practices used to decide students' final grades were valid and reliable. The extraordinary circumstances that the pandemic created in schools also created a need for leadership functions beyond the ordinary. It seems that the disruptive situation during the Covid-19 school lockdowns led to a re-distribution of school leadership tasks connected to assessment, which in turn motivated more development and innovation, even stronger collaboration, and a more focused ability to solve problems related to assessment challenges in school. This study also revealed a need for more teacher support and assessment capability within school leadership to ensure fairness, validity and reliability in final assessment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) of high molecular weight from chimney soot can cause cancer among chimney sweepers. These sweepers may also be exposed to high concentrations of nanosized particles, which can cause significant inflammatory responses due to their relatively greater surface area per mass. In this study, the authors aimed to assess the exposure profiles of airborne personal exposure to gaseous and particulate PAHs, and real-time samples of the particle number concentrations (PNCs), particle sizes, and lung-deposited surface areas (LDSAs), for chimney sweepers in Norway. Additionally, the authors aimed to assess the task-based exposure concentrations of PNCs, sizes, and LDSAs while working on different tasks. The results are based on personal samples of particulate PAHs (n = 68), gaseous PAHs (n = 28), and real-time nanoparticles (n = 8) collected from 17 chimney sweepers. Samples were collected during a "typical work week" of chimney sweeping and fire safety inspections, then during a "massive soot" week, where larger sweeping missions took place. Significantly higher PAH concentrations were measured during the "massive soot" week compared to the "typical work week," however, the time-weighted average (TWA) (8-hr) of all gaseous and particulate PAHs ranged from 0.52 to 4.47 µg/m3 and 0.49 to 2.50 µg/m3, respectively, well below the Norwegian occupational exposure limit (OEL) of 40 µg/m3. The PNCs were high during certain activities, such as emptying the vacuum cleaner. Additionally, during 2 days of sweeping in a waste sorting facility, the TWAs of the PNCs were 3.6 × 104 and 7.1 × 104 particles/cm3 on the first and second days, respectively, which were near and above the proposed nano reference limit TWA value of 4.0 × 104 particles/cm3 proposed by the International Workshop on Nano Reference Values. The corresponding TWAs of the LDSAs were 49.5 and 54.5 µm2/cm3, respectively. The chimney sweepers seemed aware of the potential health risks associated with exposure, and suitable personal protective equipment was used. However, the PNCs reported for the activities show that when the activities change or increase, the PNCs' TWAs can become unacceptably high. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aerodynamic stability and buffeting response due to turbulent wind have a fundamental importance for long-span bridge design. However, there are no benchmark cases that can be used as a reference estimate for an independent validation of the numerical methods and theoretical approximations. Therefore, the IABSE Task Group 3.1 proposal is to fill this gap by defining a reasonably well predicted set case for the response to wind of long-span bridges, both in terms of aerodynamic stability and buffeting. Specifically, a statistical analysis was performed on the numerical results collected by the task group participants, who used their own methodology and tools (either in time domain and/or frequency domain) to predict the bridge stability to flutter and buffeting response to wind, sharing the same input data (wind conditions, bridge structural properties, and deck aerodynamic coefficients). The benchmark results presented in this paper can be used as a point of reference for other numerical codes, and they include the onset of flutter speed, damping ratio variation with mean wind speed and the root mean square of the displacements as a function of mean wind speed, power spectral density values, and time histories of displacements. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Physical education (PE) and youth sport comprise two different pedagogical contexts, but one thing they have in common is that coach and teacher play a managerial role in developing and maintaining the culture of the sports team or the class. We will therefore argue that they can be seen as cultural leaders. However, the concept of cultural leadership has received only scant attention in literature concerned with the role of coaches and teachers. The aim of this paper is to establish and illustrate the relevance of the cultural leadership in PE and youth sport. We used a heuristic approach, which involved creatively forming our various inputs from the literature and repeatedly discussing and revising the different ideas derived thereby. The paper proposes five cultural leadership practices that we see in the literature: (i) Designing purposeful practice, (ii) Managing inclusion and heterogeneity, (iii) Acting as a role model, (iv) Creating a motivational climate and (v) Communicating values and paying attention to discourses. As a cultural leader, the coach and the teacher make a substantial impact on the cultural values that are (re)produced in the context in which they are operating. This highlights the importance of raising awareness of cultural leadership as a pedagogical concept, and this study underpins the case for more research into this area. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Applying machine-learning methodology to clinical data could present a promising avenue for predicting outcomes in patients receiving treatment for psychiatric disorders. However, preserving privacy when working with patient data remains a critical concern. In showcasing how machine-learning can be used to build a clinically relevant prediction model on clinical data, we apply two commonly used machine-learning algorithms (Random Forest and least absolute shrinkage and selection operator) to routine outcome monitoring data collected from 593 patients with eating disorders to predict absence of reliable improvement 12 months after entering outpatient treatment. An RF model trained on data collected at baseline and after three months made 31.3% fewer errors in predicting lack of reliable improvement at 12 months, in comparison with chance. Adding data from a six-month follow-up resulted in only marginal improvements to accuracy. We were able to build and validate a model that could aid clinicians and researchers in more accurately predicting treatment response in patients with EDs. We also demonstrated how this could be done without compromising privacy. ML presents a promising approach to developing accurate prediction models for psychiatric disorders such as ED. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Lacrimators are used by individuals for personal defense and by police for crowd control during periods of civil unrest. Increased public awareness about their use has raised concerns about their application and safety. To characterize patterns of lacrimator exposures in the United States, we describe temporal trends of calls to poison centers by demographics, substances, medical outcomes, exposure sites, and scenarios. A retrospective data analysis was performed for all single-substance lacrimator exposures in the United States reported to the National Poison Data System between 2000 and 2021. Descriptive analyses were performed to examine demographic characteristics, geographic distribution, product types and medical outcomes associated with lacrimator exposures. A total of 107,149 lacrimator exposure calls were identified. There was an overall decrease in calls per year, from 6,521 calls in 2000 to 2,520 in 2020, followed by an increase to 3,311 calls in 2021. A declining trend was observed independent of total poison center call volume. Oleoresin capsicum was the most commonly reported substance (81,990, 76.5%). Individuals ages 19 years and younger accounted for 62% of calls, but adults ages 20 and over were more likely to develop major clinical effects (odds ratio 3.03; 95% confidence interval 1.91–4.81; P < 0.0001). The most common exposure site was "own residence," followed by schools. School exposures accounted for 15.8% of exposures in children ages 6–12 years and 37.7% in adolescents. Among calls with documented scenarios, 19.7% involved unintentional exposures due to children accessing lacrimators. Lacrimator exposure calls to United States poison centers decreased from 2000 to 2021. Most calls pertain to oleoresin capsicum and individuals ages 19 and younger. Improper storage allowing children to have access to these chemicals, is a common scenario. Public safety interventions such as education about safe storage and use of lacrimators, improved product design, or regulatory changes may prevent unintentional exposures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The use of Artificial Intelligence (AI) in medical education has the potential to facilitate complicated tasks and improve efficiency. For example, AI could help automate assessment of written responses, or provide feedback on medical image interpretations with excellent reliability. While applications of AI in learning, instruction, and assessment are growing, further exploration is still required. There exist few conceptual or methodological guides for medical educators wishing to evaluate or engage in AI research. In this guide, we aim to: 1) describe practical considerations involved in reading and conducting studies in medical education using AI, 2) define basic terminology and 3) identify which medical education problems and data are ideally-suited for using AI. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Only a subset of enteric pathogens is under surveillance in Denmark, and knowledge on the remaining pathogens detected in acute gastroenteritis is limited. Here, we present the one-year incidence of all enteric pathogens diagnosed in Denmark, a high-income country, in 2018 and an overview of diagnostic methods used for detection. All 10 departments of clinical microbiology completed a questionnaire on test methods and provided 2018-data of persons with positive stool samples with Salmonella species, Campylobacter jejuni/coli, Yersinia enterocolitica, Aeromonas species, diarrheagenic Escherichia coli (Enteroinvasive (EIEC), Shiga toxin-producing (STEC), Enterotoxigenic (ETEC), Enteropathogenic (EPEC), and intimin-producing/attaching and effacing (AEEC)), Shigella species., Vibrio cholerae, norovirus, rotavirus, sapovirus, adenovirus, Giardia intestinalis, Cryptosporidium species, and Entamoeba histolytica. Enteric bacterial infections were diagnosed with an incidence of 229.9 cases/100,000 inhabitants, virus had an incidence of 86/100,000 and enteropathogenic parasites of 12.5/100,000. Viruses constituted more than half of diagnosed enteropathogens for children below 2 years and elderly above 80 years. Diagnostic methods and algorithms differed across the country and in general PCR testing resulted in higher incidences compared to culture (bacteria), antigen-test (viruses), or microscopy (parasites) for most pathogens. In Denmark, the majority of detected infections are bacterial with viral agents primarily detected in the extremes of ages and with few intestinal protozoal infections. Incidence rates were affected by age, clinical setting and local test methods with PCR leading to increased detection rates. The latter needs to be taken into account when interpreting epidemiological data across the country. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The objective of this study was to compare the risk of developing respiratory symptoms in farmers and other occupational groups over a period of 11 to 23 years. The study includes data from questionnaires and interviews in HUNT1-3 in The Trøndelag Health study (HUNT). In all three surveys, farmers can be identified. Two control groups are used. Control group 1 consists of all HUNT participants who are not farmers or fishermen. Control group 2 consists of occupational groups who presumably have low exposure to dust, chemicals or gases, but similar educational status as farmers. The data are analysed in SPSS 25 (IBM, Armonk NY), with use of frequency analyses and multiple binary logistic regressions. Our main finding is that healthy farmers have increased risk of developing respiratory symptoms as wheezing or breathlessness over a period of 11 and 23 years. This increased risk is statistically significant after 11 years of follow-up (HUNT1 to HUNT2), and also after 23 years (HUNT1 to HUNT3). Corresponding results regarding wheezing and breathlessness are found for healthy farmers in HUNT2 after 12 years of follow-up in HUNT3. In a subgroup analysis, we find a highly significant difference in both wheezing and shortness of breath when at work, in believing that the symptoms are caused by work, and in having to change jobs or quit because of breathing problems. Farmers have more respiratory symptoms than controls, and the main symptom is attacks of wheezing or breathlessness. Preventive measures such as ventilation and respiratory protection should be implemented on the farm. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The United Kingdom's European Union membership referendum, which marked the end of UK membership in the European Union, created much uncertainty amongst those British and European business practitioners who were accustomed to conducting trade with partners across The North Sea. This exogenous threat to business was subsequently compounded by another serious threat: the COVID-19 pandemic. Knowing that business-to-business (B2B) relationships are particularly important for the success of small- and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs), and that exogenous threats in the business environment can threaten these relationships, the purpose of this study is to examine whether frequent contact and social exchanges between partners on a range of topics, during threatening times, are positively linked to the relationship qualities of trust, satisfaction, and commitment. Guided by an explorative, expert interview with a Danish SME owner-manager (OM) who has a great deal of experience conducting business with UK partners, a questionnaire was developed to examine two variables which seemingly play central roles with regard to supporting business relationships during threatening times: contact frequency (how often partners are in contact), and contact scope (how often B2B partners talk together about topics which are social in nature). The questionnaire was administered to 193 Danish SME owners and managers who had British business partners at the time of the BREXIT referendum and the COVID-19 pandemic. The questionnaire revealed a positive relationship between contact frequency and relationship satisfaction and commitment, as well as a positive relationship between contact scope and relationship commitment. However, no significant relationships were found between contact frequency nor contact scope, on the one hand, and the level of trust between business partners on the other. This study has underscored the usefulness of studying social exchanges, and not just information exchanges, as they are an important, relationship-strengthening aspect of B2B communication. Indeed, while the central role played by informational exchanges in building quality relationships, including trusting relationships, is well-documented, this study increases our understanding of the value of social exchanges to business relationship quality; in particular, their noteworthy link to B2B partners' willingness to go to great lengths to maintain relationships during challenging times. Our findings indicate that simply being in contact with B2B partners and speaking about topics that are not directly related to business is not, on its own, a sufficient means of establishing trusting relationships; however, it is nonetheless worthwhile to take the time to nurture personal relationships with B2B partners. Just a modest amount of contact is positively related to relationship satisfaction, as well as relationship commitment, which can be crucial when unforeseen and threatening times inevitably arise in the business environment. Besides enhancing our understanding of the value of frequent and social exchanges in terms of relationship quality, this paper also illustrates a useful means of studying social aspects of business relationships, which are notoriously difficult to study. This is accomplished via a questionnaire study in which respondents are asked to concretely reflect upon and report on the frequency and nature of their contact with specific B2B partners. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

There are many uncertainties related to existing bridges that are approaching or have exceeded their original design life. Lifetime extension analysis of bridges should be based on validated numerical models that can be effectively established. This paper presents a new procedure to obtain an optimal solution from sensitivity-based model updating with respect to an improvement in the modal properties, such as the natural frequencies and mode shapes, based on realistic parameter values. The procedure combines variations in the ratios of overdetermined systems with different definitions of local parameter bounds in a structured approach using a sensitivity analysis. The feasibility of the procedure is demonstrated in an experimental case study. Model updating is performed on a full-scale steel bridge using the natural frequencies and modal assurance criterion (MAC) numbers, where the numerical model is established by considering general uncertainties and model simplifications to reduce the model complexity. From the optimal solution for the case study considered, an improvement in modal parameters is obtained with highly reliable parameter values. The proposed procedure can be applied to similar case studies, irrespective of the structure under consideration and the corresponding parameterisation to be made, to effectively obtain a validated numerical model. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Personalized medicine has become a central focus of health and innovation policies in many countries. It is a complex policy field which, in the pursuit of both health and wealth, brings together technology, new data use, and medical care. The aim of this paper is to analyze how the notion of personalized medicine has evolved, and what publics are implied in the political mobilization of the concept. We answer these questions based on a document analysis of Danish strategy papers in the period 2014–2021 and expert interviews. We identify different strategy actors driving the process, shifts in topics during the strategy process, as well as different imaginaries of the public. We argue that each group of strategy actors act with a particular public in mind and that these influence how personalized medicine is envisioned. If the relationship between strategy development and the imagined publics remains unknown, it can pose a democratic problem. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Personalized medicine aims at tailoring treatment to the individual person through the sourcing of multiple health data from the population. The realization of these ambitions rest on the ability to reuse health data. But what does it take to reuse tissue and data collected from individuals in connection with treatment, for future purposes? It takes an "enabling public" consisting of not only people providing tissue and data, but also clinicians, researchers, and civil servants. Based on fieldwork and interviews from Denmark, we investigate how use attaches tissue and data to various actors in the enabling public. We argue that multiple forms of attachments and detachments co-exist and that these persist over time. Attentiveness to the character and coexistence of these attachments is crucial in discussions of the role different actors should play in the governance of tissue and data. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To determine prognostic factors for work ability and employment/educational status among young patients referred to outpatient neurorehabilitation clinics after an acquired brain injury. A nationwide cohort study of 471 15–30-year-old patients who attended an interdisciplinary clinical assessment and provided questionnaire data at baseline and after one year. The outcomes were the Work Ability Score (WAS, 0–10 (best)) and employment/educational status after one year. Prognostic performance was analyzed using univariable regression and multivariable Ridge regression in a five-fold cross-validated procedure. Preinjury, 86% of the patients were employed, while the percentage had decreased to 55% at baseline and 52% at follow-up. The model, which included clinical measures of function, showed moderate prognostic performance with respect to WAS (R2=0.29) and employment/educational status (area under the curve (AUC)=0.77). Glasgow Outcome Scale Extended (R2=0.15, AUC=0.68) and the cognitive subscale of the Functional Independence Measure (R2=0.09, AUC=0.64), along with fatigue measured with the Multidimensional Fatigue Inventory (R2=0.15, AUC=0.60) were the single predictors with the highest predictive performance. Despite generally high scores in motor and cognitive tests, only about half of the patients were employed at baseline and this proportion remained stable. Global disability, cognitive sequelae and fatigue had the highest prognostic performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The lockdowns that began during the spring of 2020 changed the conditions for teaching and assessment across the globe. In Norway, schools were closed, and all school activities took place online. Moreover, all final exams were canceled, and all student grading was based on final grading by the individual teacher. Because of this, teachers' assessment skills became more important. This study examines students' and teachers' experiences of assessment during the lockdown period. The findings revealed that students got little support from the teacher in their learning process; they worked alone and felt insecure about assessment. Teacher collaboration about assessment seemed sporadic and the assessment routines were weak. The study raises concerns about equity in education when teachers have problems implementing assessment practices that support students' learning. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Common mental health problems are a substantial burden in many western countries. Studies have pointed out that work related factors can both increase and decrease the risk of developing mental health problems. Influence at work is a key factor relating the psychosocial work environment to employees mental health. However, little is known regarding how contemporary employees experience and understand influence at work. The purpose of this study is to explore this in depth. We conducted semi-structured interviews with 59 employees in knowledge and relational work and analysed the data using principles from Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis (IPA). TWe identified three themes each consisting of two interrelated parts, where the second part describes the consequences of the identified type of influence for employees: 1) work tasks and performance, 2) relations and belonging, 3) identity and becoming. The interviewed employees had a multifaceted understanding of influence at work and that influence at work mattered to them in different but important ways. Our hope is that managers, employees and consultants will be inspired by the three themes when designing work tasks, organizations and interventions in order to increase the level of influence and thereby help enhance the mental well-being of employees. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, we view health strategies in the field of personalised medicine as performative actions which articulate the development desired for a given society and demonstrate and affirm values and visions for that society. Based on a qualitative study in Denmark, we show how political actors and policy documents articulate visions for personalised medicine through a distinct sociotechnical imaginary. This sociotechnical imaginary mobilises the distinction between non-profit public and for-profit private organisations, placing personalised medicine in the public domain as the self-evidently desirable future for Danish health care In the Danish case, the issue of implementing personalised medicine becomes an opportunity to revisit the vision for the welfare state and verify public institutions as a shared space for state and citizens. While Danish political actors see personalised medicine as transformative, they articulate this transformation as being steered by public actors, at the same time downplaying the role of private companies. Where public health studies have focused on how political investments into personalised medicine may marginalise specific groups and populations, the Danish case shows that also powerful transnational players may be excluded from political discourse. It teaches us not to treat personalised medicine as one phenomenon, but to pay direct attention to the local contexts in which it operates and shapes what 'public' and 'health' become. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Anorexia Nervosa (AN) is a severe psychiatric disorder and knowledge about the cost-effectiveness of potential interventions is limited. The aim of this paper is to introduce the Trimbos Institute health economic cost-effectiveness model for Anorexia Nervosa (AnoMod-TI), a flexible modeling tool for assessing the long-term cost-effectiveness of interventions for AN in late adolescent and adult patients, which could support clinical decision making. AnoMod-TI is a state-transition cohort simulation (Markov) model developed from a Dutch societal perspective, which consists of four health states – namely full remission (FR), partial remission (PR), AN and death. Results are expressed as total healthcare costs, QALYs and incremental cost-effectiveness ratio. For the purpose of demonstrating AnoMod-TI and how it could be used to estimate cost-effectiveness over a 20-year time horizon, it was applied to a hypothetical treatment scenario. Results illustrate how a relatively costly intervention with only modest effects can still be cost-effective in the long term. AnoMod-TI can be used to examine long-term cost-effectiveness of various interventions aimed at either treating AN or preventing relapse from a state of partial or full remission. AnoMod-TI is freely available upon request to the authors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article investigates use of digital storytelling as a learning activity in education about migration. Based on a study in two Norwegian schools and two adult education centers for refugees and migrants, the article analyzes student's digital stories and observations of the process of production. Counter to research on the promise of digital storytelling to promote diverse perspectives, personal experience and creativity, our findings show that digital stories as a learning activity includes powerful standardization drivers. The standardization limits diversity in students' knowledge and experience from coming into view in the final product. The identified standardization drivers are; (1) discursive blueprints of refugee experience, including the narrative about the 'Good Refugee' and idealization of the destination country, (2) challenges with representing traumatic experiences through photographic imagery, and (3) material affordances in the production process such as google algorithms. In conclusion, we argue that critical engagement with the involved modalities and standardization drivers is a condition for using digital stories to foster critical thinking about migration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this study was to investigate the predictive value of motivational language (change talk [CT] and sustain talk [ST]) on treatment outcome of group metacognitive therapy (g-MCT) for generalized anxiety disorder (GAD). Video recordings of the first, fourth, and seventh therapy sessions (55 patients) were encoded using the Motivational Interviewing Skill Code (MISC) manual. The strength of the patients' motivational utterances was encoded as CT or ST with seven subcategories. The strength of CT-utterances and ST-utterances differed significantly between treatment responders and non-responders as therapy progressed. The strength of ST-utterances increased significantly more among non-responders than responders, whereas CT and positive taking steps utterances increased more among treatment responders than non-responders. CT and ST in session 1 were not associated with treatment outcome. CT and ST in sessions 4 and 7 significantly predicted lower and higher worry-scores at post-treatment, respectively. This effect was particularly evident for taking steps utterances in session 7. These findings confirm the predictive value of MISC in sessions 4 and 7 of g-MCT for GAD and highlight the importance of therapists addressing patient motivation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In today's classrooms, digital technologies and digital media enable an unlimited number of learning resources. Digital tools are one type of digital technology used in pedagogical settings. By digital tools we mean software that is not produced for educational purposes, but which may be used to support learning. Using theoretical concepts from Basil Bernstein and analytical tools from Critical Discourse Studies, the paper provides an in-depth critical analysis of two digital tools that are free of charge and recommended for teaching Physical Education in upper secondary schools in Denmark. The main intention is to discuss the educational problems related to the use of digital tools as learning resources and especially to challenge the idea that they are "for free". [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Polycystic ovary syndrome is a condition characterized by hormonal and metabolic disturbances that may affect bone health. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of polycystic ovary syndrome on bone mineral density and to examine which clinical characteristics of the syndrome could influence bone mineral density. We examined 183 premenopausal women: 158 women with polycystic ovary syndrome and 25 healthy age- and body mass index matched controls. Bone mineral density and body composition were investigated by whole-body dual energy X-ray absorption. Total and free testosterone, sex hormone binding globulin, luteinizing hormone, follicle stimulating hormone, estradiol, fasting insulin and glucose, parathyroid hormone, calcium and 25-OH-cholecalciferol were measured. The effect of polycystic ovary syndrome on bone mineral density was analyzed by statistical two-way analysis of variance tests and multiple linear regressions for investigating the connection between bone mineral density and selected clinical parameters. Women with polycystic ovary syndrome had significantly lower bone density in the lumbar vertebrae L1–L4 compared to healthy controls, independently of body mass index. We found that total lean body mass was the most important associating factor for bone mineral density and these were strongly correlated throughout all regression analyzes. We found no connection between lumbar bone density and androgen status, hyperinsulinemia, estradiol or calcium homeostasis. Premenopausal women with polycystic ovary syndrome have lower bone mineral density in the lumbar vertebrae L1–L4 compared to healthy controls. Total lean body mass and polycystic ovary syndrome are significantly associated to this finding. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Depression occurs at least two times more often in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients than in controls, but little is known about the treatment of depression in RA. The primary objective of this study was to compare the 1 year period prevalence of antidepressant prescription in patients with RA versus controls. We included a retrospective inception cohort of 509 patients with incident RA and 2545 frequency-matched population controls ascertained from 1995 to 2002. The cohort was followed until 31 December 2017 and linked with nationwide Danish registers. From the Danish National Prescription Register, we obtained information on redeemed prescriptions of antidepressants (Anatomical Therapeutic Chemical code N06A). We did not demonstrate significant differences in the 1 year period prevalence ratios and the incidence rate ratios for either antidepressant prescription or the frequency of hospital admissions with depressive episode. The most frequent indication for antidepressant prescription in patients with RA was depression. Cox regression analyses showed no association between RA and antidepressant prescription. We found no significant differences in the occurrence of antidepressant prescription in patients with RA versus matched controls. The main indication for antidepressant prescription in RA was depression. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Addressing the issue of EU foreign policy, this article analyses one of the European institutions, the EEAS, and examines how the EEAS navigates in a European landscape characterised by a handful of main foreign policy paradigms. In particular, we ask how the EEAS has adjusted its foreign policies in the light of competing paradigms. In the first section, we explicate the key concepts including policy paradigms, worldviews and public philosophy. Having thus provided the conceptual settings, the third section examines the main foreign policy paradigms that the EEAS will need to prudently navigate. We focus on four dimensions: world order and multilateralism, security, neighbours and climate change. The dimensions are chosen simply because they are at the top of the contemporary European policy agenda. While analysing paradigm shifts, we discuss how the topic of the article relates to the model of four Europes. Finally, we briefly conclude and outline wider perspectives. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The de Morton Mobility Index (DEMMI) is a unidimensional clinical instrument proven reliable and valid for measuring mobility in the elderly, but its responsiveness has not been evaluated when applying the methodology recommended by COSMIN. To evaluate the responsiveness and the predictive validity of the DEMMI. Elderly people, referred for municipality-based rehabilitation, were consecutively included. Eight hypotheses regarding the relationship between the change scores in the DEMMI and other functional measures of mobility were tested by assessing the participants before and after rehabilitation. Three months after completing the rehabilitation, the participants' functional status was evaluated. 250 elderly people (mean age 85 years, 63% women) were included. The change scores in the DEMMI and the other measures correlated (r = 0.422 to 0.547), but only three out of the eight hypotheses were confirmed. A DEMMI score of less than 48 and less than 67 can predict inability of ambulating close to the participant's residence and using public transport, respectively. We found a moderate responsiveness and a high predictive validity of the DEMMI score. The DEMMI appears to be an appropriate instrument for monitoring change in mobility and predicting functional status among elderly patients undergoing rehabilitation. The de Morton Mobility Index (DEMMI) is a clinical instrument for measuring mobility. This study shows that the DEMMI was responsive to change in mobility and predicted disability among a diverse group of elderly individuals referred to rehabilitation after hospital discharge. The DEMMI is applicable as an outcome measure in trials investigating the effect of rehabilitation and for clinical decision-making concerning geriatric rehabilitation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Women are at high risk for painful colonoscopy. Pain, but also sedation, are barriers to colorectal cancer (CRC) screening participation. In a randomised controlled trial, we compared on-demand with pre-colonoscopy opioid administration to control pain in women at CRC screening age. Women, aged 55–79 years, attending colonoscopy at two Norwegian endoscopy units were randomised 1:1:1 to (1) fentanyl on-demand, (2) fentanyl prior to colonoscopy, or (3) alfentanil on-demand. The primary endpoint was procedural pain reported by the patients on a validated four-point Likert scale and further dichotomized for the study into painful (moderate or severe pain) and non-painful (slight or no pain) colonoscopy. Secondary endpoints were: willingness to repeat colonoscopy, adverse events, cecal intubation time and rate, and post-procedure recovery time. Between June 2017 and May 2020, 183 patients were included in intention-to-treat analyses in the fentanyl on-demand group, 177 in the fentanyl prior to colonoscopy group, and 179 in the alfentanil on-demand group. Fewer women receiving fentanyl prior to colonoscopy reported a painful colonoscopy compared to those who were given fentanyl on-demand (25.2% vs. 44.1%, p <.001). There was no difference in the proportion of painful colonoscopies between fentanyl on-demand and alfentanil on-demand (44.1% vs. 39.5%, p =.40). No differences were observed for adverse events or any of the other secondary endpoints between the three groups. Fentanyl prior to colonoscopy provided better pain control than fentanyl or alfentanil on-demand. Fentanyl before colonoscopy should be recommended to all women at screening age. Trial registration: Clinicaltrials.gov (NCT 01538550). Norwegian Medicines Agency (16/16266-13). EU Clinical Trials Register (EUDRACTNR. 2016-005090-13) [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Previous research has shown that we believe more in the reality of climate change when we experience warmer-than-usual temperatures. This reflects a psychological process in which easily accessible information from personal weather experiences is used as a heuristic to form climate opinions. This paper replicates and extends upon a research design and results of Egan and Mullin to provide the first systematic European study of the Local Warming Effect. Based on data from 12 European countries, the analysis shows that when objective temperatures increase by two standard deviations (5 °C) relative to normal temperatures, climate opinions are strengthened by around 0.5–1.0 percentage points – comparable to the effect of a full step to the left on a 0–10 political ideology scale. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Can public agencies efficient facilitate sustainable energy strategies that can be used to increase the efficiency of global climate policy? We focus on the specific case of climate partnership between Denmark, a global leader within wind power, and China, the world's largest CO2 emitter. Based on theory and empirical data, we argue that the strategy of climate partnership can help both partners obtain a more sustainable energy policy with a larger positive effect on climate change as well as increase the income of both state and businesses through an increased level of green exports. The climate partnership model between Denmark and China, as facilitated by the Danish Energy Agency, creates such a win-win situation supported by the main stakeholders. This low-cost policy suggests that public agencies worldwide such as the European External Action Service (EEAS) should expand the number of such efficient climate partnerships. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper draws upon Actor Network Theory (ANT) to explore material and social dynamics of a coastal community garden site on public housing grounds in Rockaway, NY after Hurricane Sandy. Through a participatory design-research project, we examine shifting associations between humans and non-humans as a way of interrogating agency, power dynamics, and governance. Acknowledging our own outsider status, we draw upon the frame of 'contact zones' for thinking through encounters in conditions of power differentials. In describing our encounter with the Beach 41st Street Community Garden as a contact zone, we identify three assemblages with different governance arrangements – tidal shore, garden plots, and treed lawn. These assemblages are networked through material flows and include nonhuman actants such as freshwater, soil, plants, and wood. Unruly actors and actants – people, saltwater, poison ivy, dogs, and trash – can spark controversy and resist governing. We reflect upon the role of design, research, and community organizing as interventions that can cause rearrangements of the assemblages, shedding new light on power dynamics and potential apertures for change in a dynamic site. In so doing, we mobilize contact zones and ANT to better understand and act within shifting associations between humans and non-humans. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Trial registrationPediatric acquired brain injury (pABI) may lead to long-lasting challenges in need of rehabilitation-efforts years after the insult. The Child in Context Intervention (CICI) is an individualized, goal-oriented intervention targeting children with pABI, their families and schools in the chronic phase. This paper describes the goals that patients and families in the CICI intervention group identified to work on. The 29 participating families worked on 90 goals that were predominantly coded to the domains of Body functioning (46.6%) and Activities and participation (40.5%), according to the International Classification of functioning, Disability and Health (ICF). The most frequently used codes focused on fatigue and emotional symptoms, in addition to codes in the AP domain describing the need for increased independence in everyday life at school, at home, and socially. Goal attainment in the intervention group was high, with positive progress on 94.4% of the goals and positive goal achievement for all included families. The high level of goal attainment provides promising evidence of the CICI programme’s efficacy, and highlights the need to further develop evidence-based rehabilitation programs for children with pABI in the chronic stage of recovery.ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT04798859. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Topical medications are first-line treatment for mild-to-moderate psoriasis, but adherence is low, which negatively affects patients' outcomes and quality of life. Nurses can play a central role in patient care, particularly in improving adherence. To explore the experience of dermatology nurses with psoriasis patients' adherence to topical drugs. We conducted a semi-structured focus group study with 6 dermatology nurses and 2 dermatology nursing students. Participants were recruited from a dermatology hospital outpatient clinic. Data were analyzed by a systematic text condensation method with a phenomenological-hermeneutic approach. Nurses experienced that factors such as social inequality, patient-centered nursing, and patients' quality of life can have an influence on adherence. Optimal adherence to topical treatments is a complex exercise and is influenced by many different factors. Involving nurses when prescribing topical treatments may be beneficial since they are one of the most trustworthy professions and have a holistic view on psoriasis severity, patient preferences, health care resources available and socioeconomic factors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Topical drugs are recommended first-line treatment for mild-to-moderate psoriasis. However, patient preferences for the topical drugs differ, since a wide variety of topical drugs and topical drug formulations are available. The aim of this study was to investigate psoriasis patient preferences for topical drugs. A systematic literature search was performed for English-language articles in Embase, Medline, PsycINFO, Cinahl, Scopus, and the Cochrane Library. Four surveys, six randomized controlled trials, and two prospective studies of mainly good quality were included. Seven of the studies investigated patient preferences for topical drug formulations, while five studies investigated their preferences for different topical drugs. Overall, patients preferred drugs that are easy to apply, less messy, and have a pleasant scent. Psoriasis patient preferences for topical drugs differ. There is no one topical drug or topical drug formulation that suits everyone, which shows the importance of individualized prescriptions for topical drugs that are based on shared decision-making between the prescriber and patient. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To develop and validate a prediction model for disability among young patients with acquired brain injury (ABI) after the acute phase. Within a nationwide cohort of 446 15–30-year-old ABI-patients, we predicted disability in terms of Glasgow Outcome Scale – Extended (GOS-E) <7 12 months after baseline assessment in outpatient neurorehabilitation clinics. We studied 22 potential predictors covering demographic and medical factors, clinical tests, and self-reported fatigue and alcohol/drug consumption. The model was developed using multivariable logistic regression analysis and validated by 5-fold cross-validation and geographical validation. The model's performance was assessed by receiver operating characteristic curves and calibration plots. Baseline assessment took place a median of 12 months post-ABI. Low GOS-E (range 1–8 (best)) and Functional Independence Measure (range 18–126 (best)) along with high mental fatigue (range 4–20 (worst)) predicted disability. The model showed high validity and performance with an area under the curve of 0.82 (95% confidence interval (CI) 0.77, 0.87) in the cross-validation and 0.81 (95% CI 0.73, 0.88) in the geographical validation. We developed and validated a parsimonious model which effectively predicted disability. The model may be useful to guide decision-making in outpatient neurorehabilitation clinics treating young patients with ABI. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article explores the ethical challenges following the use of genetic information in experimental cancer treatment. In Danish healthcare, current ethical debates on the wider use of genetic information are highly focused on the heredity of genetic information. This focus accords with the international bioethical literature and the established practices of assessing inherited risks for cancer. Drawing on Pols' (2003. "Enforcing Rights or Improving Care? The Interference of two Modes of Doing Good in Mental Health Care." Sociology of Health & Illness 25 (4): 320–347. doi:10.1111/1467-9566.00349) concept of modes of doing good, we show that this has led to a certain understanding of the ethical challenges regarding genetic information – an understanding we term the germline mode. We argue that the germline mode overlooks crucial dilemmas facing healthcare professionals who use genetic information to target treatment directly at patients' somatic mutations, i.e. alterations in the DNA occurring only in the tumor. In this article, we develop the concept of the somatic mode and explore the ethical challenges that emerge when genetic information takes a somatic turn. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present study set out to examine the impact of linking in-school biology and biotechnology teaching with out-of-school biology and biotechnology experiences on the attitudes towards school biology and biotechnology of 16 upper secondary science students from eight different schools. The students had all been selected by the other students from their classes to participate in an intervention as Young Researchers and differed in being either vocal (8) or quiet (8) participants during normal lessons. Through interviews the Young Researchers shared their retrospective self-evaluations of the intervention. Findings show that combining an out-of-school intervention with in-class teaching and learning had an impact on the students involved. Vocal students' self-belief and future career plans were affected positively and they became more committed to reach their goals of achieving high grades going to university and getting a good job in science. Quiet students' self-belief and future career plans were also affected positively, but differently from vocal students, as they also changed their behaviour and became more vocal during class. It is, therefore, suggested that an experience of this kind can have a positive impact on students' attitudes towards school biology and biotechnology [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Differences in tRNA expression have been implicated in a remarkable number of biological processes. There is growing evidence that tRNA genes can play dramatically different roles depending on both expression and post-transcriptional modification, yet sequencing tRNAs to measure abundance and detect modifications remains challenging. Their secondary structure and extensive post-transcriptional modifications interfere with RNA-seq library preparation methods and have limited the utility of high-throughput sequencing technologies. Here, we combine two modifications to standard RNA-seq methods by treating with the demethylating enzyme AlkB and ligating with tRNA-specific adapters in order to sequence tRNAs from four species of flowering plants, a group that has been shown to have some of the most extensive rates of post-transcriptional tRNA modifications. This protocol has the advantage of detecting full-length tRNAs and sequence variants that can be used to infer many post-transcriptional modifications. We used the resulting data to produce a modification index of almost all unique reference tRNAs in Arabidopsis thaliana, which exhibited many anciently conserved similarities with humans but also positions that appear to be 'hot spots' for modifications in angiosperm tRNAs. We also found evidence based on northern blot analysis and droplet digital PCR that, even after demethylation treatment, tRNA-seq can produce highly biased estimates of absolute expression levels most likely due to biased reverse transcription. Nevertheless, the generation of full-length tRNA sequences with modification data is still promising for assessing differences in relative tRNA expression across treatments, tissues or subcellular fractions and help elucidate the functional roles of tRNA modifications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Poor adherence to topical antipsoriatic drugs limits treatment effectiveness. Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate how health care providers may improve psoriasis patients' adherence to topical treatment. Materials and methods: A systematic literature search was performed for English-language articles in Embase, Medline, PsycINFO, Cinahl, Scopus, and the Cochrane Library. Results: Ten studies of varying quality were identified. Two randomized controlled trials (RCTs) testing the adherence-improving potential of interventions by health care providers to support patients showed improvement in adherence to topical treatment. In a prospective study with a pre/postdesign, an individualized, face-to-face consultation reported an improvement in patient-reported adherence to topical treatment over a 9-week period. Based on seven qualitative studies obtaining insights from either patients or health care providers, health care providers may need to address socio-economic factors, health care system factors, and treatment-, patient-, and disease-related factors in interventions that aim to improve the adherence of psoriasis patients to topical antipsoriatic drugs. Conclusion: There is a need to develop better adherence-improving interventions. A good patient–health care provider relationship is considered crucial to adherence and may be an important intervention target. Before interventions to improve adherence to topicals can be recommended for the clinic, the intervention should be tested in high-quality RCTs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Internet of Things (IoT) explores new perspectives and possible improvements in risk assessment practices and shows potential to measure long-term and real-time occupational exposure. This may be of value when monitoring gases with short-term maximum levels and for time-weighted average (TWA) concentrations used in standard measuring practices. A functional embedded system was designed using low-cost carbon monoxide (CO) electrochemical sensors and long-range-wide-area-network radio communication technology (LoRaWAN) was used to enable internet connectivity. This system was utilized to monitor gas levels continuously in the working atmosphere of an incineration plant over a 2-month period. The results show that stable and long-term continuous data transfer was enabled by LoRaWAN, which proved useful for detecting rapid changes in gas levels. However, it was observed that raw data from the low-cost sensors did not meet the NIOSH accuracy criteria of ± 25% of the estimated true concentration based on field data from a co-located gas detector that met the NIOSH accuracy criteria. The new IoT technologies and CO sensor networks shows potential for remote monitoring of exposure in order to: (1) detect rapid changes in CO and other possible hazardous airborne gases; and (2) show the dynamic range of real-time data that may be hazardous for workers in the sampled areas. While the IoT low-cost sensors appear to be useful as a sentinel for monitoring hazardous atmospheres containing CO, the more useful finding may be showing real-time changes and the dynamic range of exposures, thus shedding light on the transient and toxic nature of airborne hazards. More importantly, the low-cost CO sensors are not a clear substitute for the more costly real-time gas detectors that perform within the NIOSH accuracy criteria. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

IABSE Task Group 3.1 has the mandate to define reference results for the validation of methodologies and programs used to study both stability and buffeting responses of long-span bridges. To this end, the working group set up a benchmark procedure consisting of several steps with increasing complexity to define reference results useful for this validation. The simplest step (1.1a) was presented in Part 1. In this paper (Part 2), the contributions and reference results of the second sub-step (1.1c) are discussed. It consists of the simulation of the aeroelastic response of a three-degree-of-freedom bridge deck section forced by turbulent wind, using experimental aerodynamic coefficients measured in a wind tunnel. The increase in complexity, compared to the previous step, involves the experimental definition of unsteady force coefficients that are defined in a limited range of reduced velocities, and inclusion of the lateral motion and horizontal turbulent wind velocity components. Comparison of the different outputs, obtained by Task Group 3.1 participants with the same input data, is presented, revealing differences that are not always negligible. Moreover, the increase in complexity of the test case results in larger spreads of the results compared to the fully analytical case, analysed in Part 1. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

IABSE Task Group 3.1 has the mandate to define reference results for the validation of methodologies and programs used to study both stability and buffeting responses of long-span bridges. These tools for the simulation of the aeroelastic behaviour are fundamental in the safe design of bridges and they should be validated. The working group decided to set up a benchmark procedure consisting of several steps to define reference results for this validation. For each step, contributors use their own methodology to simulate the bridge behaviour using the same input data. All the results are then compared, and reference values are defined through statistical analysis. The benchmark procedure is considered as a three-step problem with substeps of increasing difficulty: Step 1 compares numerical results only, Step 2 is validation against wind tunnel experiments, and Step 3 is validation against full-scale data. In this paper, the contributions and the reference results of the simplest initial substep (1.1a) are presented. It consists of the simulation of the aeroelastic response of a two-degree-of-freedom bridge deck section, with analytical aerodynamic coefficients, forced by turbulent wind. Despite the problem's simplicity, differences in some contributions are significant, confirming the necessity of having solid references to validate software programs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Adsorbent materials can be used for the removal of organic acids from air in storage rooms with heritage collections. The organic acid removal efficiency of two commercially available activated carbon air-filters were tested in situ in two unoccupied stores with densely packed collections. One filter was designed for outdoor type pollutants (Filter A), while the other was designed for organic acids in indoor air (Filter B). Furthermore, the acetic acid removal efficiency of a desiccant silica gel rotor used for dehumidification was measured in a laboratory at different relative humidity levels. Finally, passive removal of acetic acid by silica gel and unfired clay brick were tested in a chamber, and for clay brick at room level as well. Filter B had the highest removal efficiency. The removal efficiency of both filter types depended on the airflow and the filter performance varied considerably in situ from the values reported from standard laboratory tests. Increasing the filter airflow reduced the removal efficiency from 77% and down to 7% for Filter A, and from 92% to 24% for Filter B. There was almost no effect of active air filtration on the concentration of organic acids when this was measured in the middle and in the corner of the storage rooms away from the ventilation inlets. The desiccant dehumidifier removed 98–100% of the acetic acid from the air, independently of the relative humidity. The desiccant rotor will, however, only be running when there is a need for dehumidification and as a result will only periodically remove pollutants. The high acid removal efficiency by dry silica gel was furthermore demonstrated in a chamber test. A clay brick wall in a test room established a concentration gradient across the room and reduced the concentration of organic acids by 56% compared to close to the emission source. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The perceived benefits of drug use are not currently integrated into the treatment of substance use disorder. This omission appears paradoxical and is unsubstantiated by empirical research. As the perceived benefits of drug use are catalysts for drug initiation, relapse and continuous use, increased knowledge about these benefits seems crucial to efficacious treatment. Aims: To investigate the perceived benefits of drug use in substance use disorder. Method: The study is a phenomenological-hermeneutical investigation using thematic analysis of interviews with 30 long-term recovered adult service users. Results: Our thematic analysis resulted in three themes and several sub-themes: (1) Benefits of drug use; (2) Necessity of intense experiences; and (3) Importance of being unconventional. Conclusions: Findings indicate that the benefits of non-problematic and problematic drug use are motivated by similar individual and social needs. An absolute distinction between problematic and non-problematic drug use thus seems arbitrary and potentially counterproductive for clinical practice. The benefits of drug use should be researched as a possible add-on treatment module, as this knowledge may be of significant clinical value in treatment frameworks. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

International research emphasises that Physical Education Teacher Education (PETE) has a key role to play in initiating and processing changes in Physical Education (PE). However, several researchers also find that it is a significant challenge for PETE to contest ideological approaches regarding PE practices among PE student teachers. Stronger relationships between research and educational practice and more deliberate mobilisation of research into teacher education may help address such educational issues. The main agents in that regard are teacher educators who are supposed to have the competencies to mobilise research literature into PETE. However, in Denmark, only 10% of Danish teacher educators hold a research-based PhD. The main aim of this article is to make the first steps towards more knowledge in this area by presenting an exploratory study of perceived barriers to mobilising research literature into PETE as experienced by a group of Danish PE teacher educators. The paper is based on empirical data generated through a course developed to qualify PE teacher educators' competencies in the use of research literature: papers, discussion-notes and interviews. Four main categories were generated: (1) 'We're competing on time', (2) 'A separate approach', (3) 'It has to add value' and (4) 'Hard to make it that academic'. The discussion addresses some general focus points for supporting the application of research in teacher education and suggest directions for future research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]