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The study aims were to i) compare movement demands of different substitution strategies for each position in elite female field hockey and ii) compare the effect substitutions had on match intensities post-substitution. During 19 international matches, movement data from 26 international players were collected. Substitution strategies were categorised into 5-min, 7.5-min, 10-min, at random intervals and full quarter play. Small reductions in work-rate were found from quarter 1 to 4 across positions despite running intensities not differing between quarters. Work-rate was greater for starting players during the opening minute and was also higher when compared to players coming off the bench. However, players coming off the bench had higher running intensities during this first minute with higher work-rates after minute two compared to the quarter average. Small differences in work-rate were found between substitution strategies for strikers and midfielders, with no differences in intensity for any position. In conclusion, a decrease in work-rate during the match suggests fatigue, but because intensity was maintained throughout, pacing strategies could be present. Although the substitution strategy utilised did not produce substantial results, the "first-minute-rush-effect" was confirmed as players coming off the bench were able to match and, in some cases, increase the work-rate. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article draws attention to the fact that Indian and Coloured teacher associations in the Transvaal made persistent demands for greater racial segregation in schools (of teaching staff and learners) from the 1930s into the 1950s. This was at a time when the Transvaal Education Department was unable to implement anything approaching meaningful segregation of schooling amongst Indians and Coloureds. The context in which these demands for segregated schooling were made is important to understand: decades of frustrated ambition in an educational system which restricted the training, credentialling, and appointment of teachers according to hardening South African racial hierarchies. Ironically, enforcing greater racial segregation in schooling, especially with regard to teachers and principals, would create space for a rising new class of professionals, displacing white staff and allowing black, Indian, and Coloured teachers to achieve greater upward social mobility. An important justification for making this shift happen was the necessity of expelling white teachers and the associated idea of the benefits of being taught by cultural insiders. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Athletes display a high prevalence of undesired sleep characteristics that may affect both performance and wellbeing. Objectives: This scoping review aimed to identify and map the existing evidence of behavioral sleep interventions and their effects on sleep outcomes in athletes, and retrospectively code the behavior change techniques (BCTs) implemented using the Behavior Change Technique Taxonomy (BCTTv1). Methods: Conducted following the JBI methodology for scoping reviews, four online databases were used to identify prospective interventions with at least one behavioral component in competitive athletes, and reporting a sleep outcome pre- and post-intervention. Results: Thirty-three studies met the inclusion criteria, encompassing 892 participants with a median age of 23. Five intervention categories were identified (education, mind-body practices, direct, multi-component, and other), with each demonstrating mixed efficacy but the potential to improve sleep outcomes. The BCTs varied in type and frequency between each category, with only 18 unique BCTs identified across all studies. Conclusions: The varied efficacy of previous studies at improving sleep outcomes may be attributed to the lack of behavior change theory applied during intervention development. Designing interventions following a targeted specification of the behavioral problem, and the integration of corresponding BCTs should be considered in future research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Annual VIIRS global night-time lights traditionally report mean radiance levels after filtering to remove moonlit and cloudy data followed by outlier removal. The mean is the first statistical moment, but there are three other statistical moments (variance, skew and kurtosis) that are currently not produced globally. In this study, we generated VIIRS day/night band multiyear and annual statistical moments for a widely dispersed set of test areas. The moments were calculated from 15 arc second nightly temporal profiles spanning 2012–2020, filtered to exclude cloudy and sunlit data, with radiance adjustments to reduce view angle and lunar illuminance effects. The moment data were examined in two ways: (1) Geospatial grids-which reveal zonation and temporal changes present in urban areas and (2) Scattergrams of moment pairs. The variance versus mean scattergram exhibits several distinct data clusters used to define five zones: core lighting, dark-erratics, mid-erratics, bright-erratics and bright and seteady. The results indicate that the information content of VIIRS night-time lights can be augmented if all four statistical moments are calculated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article explores the implementation of tuition-free promise programs by institutions, localities and states in the U.S. to promote college access and success. Topics discussed include the trend of associating eligibility for a free college program to enrollment in vocational fields, and the differences in the design features of college promise programs.

Incel refers to an online group of young males who feel frustration and despair at being repeatedly neglected on the dating market. Despite gaining notoriety for a number of public attacks, the majority of incel research is comprised of analyses of their forums rather than of individuals themselves. This provides a good contextual overview of the incel community but does not capture the experiences of incels or identify how and why this group responds so strongly to rejection. A total of 38 incel and 107 non-incel males (MAGE = 23.60, SD = 4.90) were recruited through Reddit and two institutional forums to participate in the present online study, completing questionnaires pertaining to their dating app experiences and their mental and relational well-being. Large differences between incels and non-incels were found, with the former reporting greater depressive symptoms, rejection sensitivity, relationship status influence, and insecure attachment. These were all associated with perceived popularity, which incels scored lower on. Incels also adopted more liberal dating app strategies, yet reported fewer matches, conversations, and in-person outcomes. The pattern of results reported sheds new light on the role that dating apps may play in incels' efforts to attract mates and how these frustrations manifest. This is integral both to understanding the broader incel discourse as well as any efforts to develop treatment strategies with self-identified incels who seek counseling. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Enterically coated (ENT) or delayed-release (DEL) capsules may lessen gastrointestinal symptoms (GIS) following acute sodium citrate (SC) ingestion, although the effects on blood acid-base balance are undetermined. Fourteen active males ingested 0.4 g.kg−1 body mass (BM) SC, within gelatine (GEL), DEL and ENT capsules or 0.07 g.kg−1 BM sodium chloride control (CON). Blood acid-base balance and GIS were measured for 4 h. Ingestion form had no significant effect on total GIS experienced (GEL: 2 ± 7; DEL: 1 ± 8; ENT: 1 ± 4 AU). Most (7/14) participants experienced zero symptoms throughout. Peak GIS typically emerged ≤100 min post-ingestion, with a similar time to reach peak GIS between ingestion form (GEL: 36 ± 70; DEL: 13 ± 28; ENT: 15 ± 33 AU). Blood [HCO3−] was significantly higher with ENT versus GEL (ENT: 29.0 ± 0.8; GEL: 28.5 ± 1.1 mmol.L−1, P = 0.037). Acute ingestion of a reduced SC dose elicited minimal GIS, producing significant changes in blood [HCO3−] from rest, irrespective of ingestion form (GEL: 6.0 ± 0.9; DEL: 5.1 ± 1.0; ENT: 6.2 ± 0.8 mmol.L−1). The necessity of individualized ingestion strategies is also challenged, with sustained increases in blood [HCO3−] of ≥4 mmol.L−1 for up to 153 min highlighted. If commencing exercise at peak alkalosis augments subsequent performance above starting at a standardized time point where HCO3− is still elevated remains unclear. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

While the killing of one's own infant is an undoubtedly harrowing crime, there exists little research exploring attitudes toward these individuals. Such work has focused primarily on depictions of mothers, yet U.K. government data indicate that the majority of infant homicide cases involve paternal suspects. A sample of U.K. residents (n = 245) participated in a mixed-methods design to explore attitudes toward mothers and fathers who have been accused of murdering their infant child and whether parental mental health issues impacted these judgements. Results aligned with the chivalry hypothesis wherein maternal suspects were evaluated more leniently. Qualitative analyses uncovered hidden gender expectations: mothers were ascribed blame when the father was accused of infant homicide, a finding that was not present in the reverse scenario. This suggests that traditional views of motherhood conflict with a shifting social landscape that is seeing an increase in stay-at-home fathers and working mothers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

There has been little study of animal sexual abuse (ASA). Subsequently, little is known about veterinary medical professionals' (e.g., Veterinarians, Veterinary Technicians, Veterinary Nurses) knowledge of ASA and how they may contribute to the prevention of ASA. Thus, the objective of this paper is to comprehensively study ASA in a sample of veterinary medical professionals. Eighty-eight professionals were recruited through professional associations and posts on social media to take part in a survey examining non-sexual animal abuse, ASA, and criminal justice perceptions. Results indicated that, levels of knowledge and training were much lower for ASA than non-sexual abuse. Professionals also responded punitively toward individuals who have committed sexual abuse against animals and supported long prison sentences and registries for offenders. Veterinary medical professionals were supportive of mandatory reporting of all types of abuse but did not feel prepared to testify in these cases should they go to court. These results have implications for practice as they indicate that veterinary medical professionals are not receiving enough training on abuse – particularly ASA – which could put their patients at risk of continued harm. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Young athletes experience stress daily and coping adaptively with these stressful situations is an important determinant of their well-being and performance. Rather than seeking to change the often-unavoidable stressful situations, it is possible to change the way in which young athletes think about the situations. The present study aimed to investigate whether a multimodal cognitive-behavioral intervention could enhance young athletes' psychological well-being and performance. Delivered toward the end of the competitive season when there is often more at stake, the intervention employed a combination of education and reappraisal delivered in 6 × 1-hour group workshops. Content included stress mindset, irrational beliefs, self-compassion, and imagery. We hypothesized that the intervention would enhance stress mindset and reduce irrational beliefs, and in turn, this would enhance the psychological well-being and performance of young athletes. Ninety-four footballers and swimmers (n = 48 females, n = 46 males, Mage = 17.49 years, SD = 3.53) completed measures in stress mindset, perceived performance, irrational beliefs, anxiety and negative affect at baseline and post-intervention. Participants were allocated to an experimental (n = 49) or control condition (n = 45). Results from the mixed model ANOVAs demonstrate that the intervention was successful at enhancing stress mindset and reducing negative affect in the experimental condition, compared to those in the control condition. There were no significant changes in performance, irrational beliefs, or anxiety. Findings offer support for targeting stress mindset to enhance young athletes' well-being. To reduce irrational beliefs, a more specific approach to the individual may be required. Lay summary: Young athletes experience a range of daily stressors, so exploring ways to enhance their well-being and performance in stressful situations is of importance. Altering their trait beliefs about stress and promoting perceptions of control over their thoughts are useful methods of enhancing their stress mindset and reducing negative affect. Practitioners could provide education about stress to enhance young athletes' stress mindset, and in turn, this may lead to reduced negative affect. A multimodal cognitive-behavioral intervention of this nature appears to engage young athletes due to the variety of content. To reduce irrational beliefs, a more tailored approach that challenges individuals' specific irrational beliefs may be more beneficial. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Insomnia symptoms are common among medical students. This study explored the perspectives of medical students about which sleep management strategies to use. Medical students responded to an online survey on their thoughts about the use of various sleep management strategies. Of the 828 respondents, 568 (69%) provided responses to questions about the most preferred strategies and 450 (54%) provided responses about their least preferred strategies. About 48.5% felt their insomnia symptoms were too mild to see a clinician and 23.9% did not think their symptoms warranted sleep medication. Over 40% of students could not avoid work before sleep, have consistent sleep/wake times, or engage in regular exercise because of their busy and inconsistent schedules. Approximately 40–60% could not improve their sleep environment (e.g. better heating and bed) because of the associated costs. Over 80% reported an inability to change their pre-sleep habits (e.g. using electronics close to bedtime, using bed for activities other than sleep or sex). Half of the students disliked relaxation techniques or felt they would not help. Around 30–50% did not believe that changing caffeine and/or alcohol intake would affect their sleep. Medical students may benefit from additional sleep education. Clinicians may need to discuss which strategies individual students prefer and modify their recommendations accordingly. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The piriform cortex (PC) occupies both banks of the endorhinal sulcus and has an important role in the pathophysiology of temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE). A recent study showed that resection of more than 50% of PC increased the odds of becoming seizure free by a factor of 16. We report the feasibility of manual segmentation of PC and application of the Geodesic Information Flows (GIF) algorithm to automated segmentation, to guide resection. Manual segmentation of PC was performed by two blinded independent examiners in 60 patients with TLE (55% Left TLE, 52% female) with a median age of 35 years (IQR, 29–47 years) and 20 controls (60% Women) with a median age of 39.5 years (IQR, 31–49). The GIF algorithm was used to create an automated pipeline for parcellating PC which was used to guide excision as part of temporal lobe resection for TLE. Right PC was larger in patients and controls. Parcellation of PC was used to guide anterior temporal lobe resection, with subsequent seizure freedom and no visual field or language deficit. Reliable segmentation of PC is feasible and can be applied prospectively to guide neurosurgical resection that increases the chances of a good outcome from temporal lobe resection for TLE. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Food retailing is undergoing a major restructuring process that is altering its boundaries, service provision and operations. Digitalisation and other technological advances are shifting the focus from products to services, from offline to online and from physical to virtual. Simultaneously, initiatives such as the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals are exerting pressure on food retailers to address contemporary global challenges, such as promoting healthy and sustainable consumption and production. However, these areas not only challenge food retailers but also provide opportunities for facilitating favourable dietary changes that benefit consumers, companies and society at large. This study introduces transformative food retailing as a construct that shifts attention to the reconfigured role of food retailing and its potential. We identify the shaping forces and characteristics of transformative food retailing and discuss the implications for consumers, food retailers and society at large. This paper is among the first to define and conceptualise food retail as transformative and, as a result, sets a platform for future scholarly research and practice to uncover the full potential of food retailing in serving both consumers and society. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

While scholars provide guidance on the ideal of independence among collegiate news organizations, practitioners in the field recognize major barriers to achieving pure independence from an associated university or college. This article considers legal precedent to determine how the gap between pure college media independence and modern, standard practices of these news organizations create murky lines for courts when determining whether public universities have the right to regulate and control aspects of student media. Using data and transcripts from a 2021 study of college news sustainability, the current work argues that college media are evolving and that U.S. legal precedent does not provide comprehensive protections for student journalists to accommodate the changes happening within this sphere of media. We also describe how the U.S. Supreme Court's current views of the press and New Voices legislation might impact the future of the college media sphere. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

AbstractExperiential learning is an effective pedagogical tool that has been associated with several beneficial student outcomes. Given the complex and applied nature of criminal justice courses, educators in these fields have sought to implement experiential learning, developing several impactful initiatives along the way. However, many of these require extensive safety planning, resource acquisition, community partnerships, and institutional buy-in. The present study introduces and evaluates an experiential assignment that helps circumvent some of these issues, wherein first-year university students (n = 42) abide by a set of self-selected parole/probation conditions, write a reflection on their experience, and report on the empirical saliency of their conditions. Following the assignment deadline, an online survey was disseminated to students to gauge the impact of their experience. Results indicated that students enjoyed the assignment, believing that it provided real-world experience, transformed their perspectives, and helped them better understand their course material. Students also demonstrated a strong desire for more experiential learning opportunities in their program. Implications and future directions are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Latina high school students aspiring to careers in the fields of Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics (STEM) participated in the year-long Latina STEM Fellowship (LSF) program. A team of education professionals interviewed the students to better understand how these Latina students visualize a future STEM career, their perceived obstacles, and the ways they leveraged their positionality as high school Latina students to construct their identities. Semi-structured interviews revealed these students used the intersectionality of their race/ethnicity, culture, and gender to develop agency and express resilience in their future path toward a career in STEM. The students incorporated a positive and synergistic view of their Latina identities to envision success in their STEM career aspirations. Future research should focus on longitudinal studies that follow Latina students from high school through the university pipeline to better understand the factors that contribute to their success. This study highlights the need for structured STEM experiences for Latina students, who are typically underrepresented in most STEM fields. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

LR-MDS patients likely benefit most from supportive care and have longer survival, but MDS-related death affects one in four patients and remains unchanged. To the Editor Modern treatment of myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) in the U.S. derives from advances in the mid-2000s. MDS patients usually have high comorbidity burden, thus strategies to optimize coexisting medical conditions and better supportive care in long-term HR-MDS survivors may help consolidate short-term CSS gains from MDS-directed therapies. HR-MDS patients likely benefit most from disease-modifying therapy and have improved cancer-specific death, but OS remains poor and unchanged, possibly representing increased death from other causes in beneficiaries of MDS-specific treatment. [Extracted from the article]

Malnutrition is associated with higher rates of complications following radical cystectomy (RC) for the treatment of muscle-invasive bladder cancer. The newer robotic approach to RC has yet to be analyzed against the open approach in malnourished patients with respect to perioperative complications. A retrospective cohort analysis of RC patients with a postoperative diagnosis of bladder cancer and non-disseminated disease was performed. Malnourishment was defined as either low serum albumin (<3.5 g/dL), >10% 6-month preoperative weight loss, or BMI <18.5 kg/m2). Multivariable and generalized logistic regression were used for categorical and continuous outcomes respectively. Malnourishment was associated with greater systemic sepsis, bleeding transfusions, 30-day mortality, postoperative C. difficile infection, and days from operation to discharge (DOD) (all P < 0.05). In malnourished patients, robotic approach was associated with lower adjusted odds of bleeding transfusions (aOR = 0.51, P < 0.05) and fewer adjusted days from operation to discharge (β[SE]= −5.2[1.1], P < 0.05) compared to open. Typical benefits seen with minimally-invasive robotic surgery translate to malnourished patients, although they were still prone to longer hospital stay than their adequately nourished counterparts. Robotic approach to RC may help mitigate the increased need for transfusions and longer DOD seen in malnourishment and may be preferable for patients with preoperative nutritional deficits. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A critical aspect of the development of culturally relevant classroom assessments is the design of tasks that affirm students' racial and ethnic identities and community cultural practices. This paper describes the process we followed to build a shared understanding of what culturally relevant assessments are, to pursue ways of bringing more diverse voices and perspectives into the development process to generate new ideas and further our understanding, and finally to integrate those understandings and findings into the design of scenario-based tasks (ETS Testlets). This paper describes our engagement with research literature and employee-led affinity groups, students, and external consultants. In synthesizing their advice and feedback, we identified five design principles that scenario-based assessment developers can incorporate into their own work. These principles are then applied to the development of a scenario-based assessment task. Finally, we reflect on our process and challenges faced to inform future advancements in the field. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We aim to investigate factors which might affect the sleep of medical students, and how they currently manage their sleep. An online survey was sent to medical students at the University of Otago. After adjusting for gender, ethnicity and age, depressive symptoms (Mild: odds ratio (OR) = 6.3; Moderate: OR = 18.1; Severe: OR = 15.6), and sleep hygiene (OR = 1.07) were associated with insomnia symptoms. Commonly endorsed strategies for sleep management by students were undertaking regular exercise (80.1%), having consistent sleep-wake time (71.3%), and limiting caffeine intake (70.3%). Few were willing to see a clinician (23.4%) or take medication (22.3%). Participants with insomnia symptoms were more likely to prefer limiting their alcohol intake (OR = 1.8), limiting daytime naps (OR = 1.5), seeing clinicians (OR = 1.9), and taking sleep medication (OR = 4.0), but less likely to prefer avoiding intense work (OR =.71) or minimizing using electronics (OR =.60) close to bedtime than those without insomnia symptoms. High sleep self-efficacy was associated with lower odds for having insomnia symptoms (OR =.74 (.70,.77)). Increased awareness and greater resources are needed to support the sleep health of medical students. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The emerging research base on Restorative Practices (RP) efficacy in schools lacks validated instruments of RP implementation fidelity that capture youth responsiveness to RP components. Therefore, members of a University-District Community Based Participatory (CBPR) project collaboratively developed the Student Restorative Culture Survey (SRCS). This study seeks to examine the construct validity of the SRCS using confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) to test the theoretical foundations of the instrument. This study found evidence supporting the construct validity for the SRCS with a five-factor structure of RP Benefits, RP Quality, School Support, Repair Harm, and Feeling Left Out. Given that RP is rooted in an emancipatory paradigm, it is critical to ensure that implementation measures reflect contextual modifications and center student experiences. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article explores the employment experiences of government scholarship graduates from one master's degree programme at a flagship university in Kazakhstan. Analysis of interviews with graduates of a master's degree programme designed in response to a national policy agenda shows that graduates encountered numerous challenges transitioning from university to work despite obtaining a degree from a top Kazakhstani university. The key challenges included limited employment opportunities, hostile attitudes toward younger graduates, difficult working conditions and employers' misunderstanding of the new master's programmes. We argue that despite significant government financial investment in education, a weak enabling support system hinders graduates' career advancement and results in job mismatch and underutilization of skills. We suggest that policymakers need to shift debates on human capital development and graduate employability from supply-side factors to a more comprehensive model in which graduate employment is supported through the collaboration of the higher education system, industry, policymakers and graduates themselves. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Conventional wisdom dispersed by fans and coaches in the stands at almost any high school track meet suggests female athletes typically peak around 10th grade or earlier (15 years of age), particularly for distance runners, and male athletes continuously improve. Given that universities in the United States typically recruit track and field athletes from high school teams, it is important to understand the age of peak performance at the high school level. Athletes are often recruited starting in their sophomore year of high school and individuals develop at different rates during adolescence; however, the individual development factor is usually not taken into account during recruitment. In this study, we curate data on event times for high school track and field athletes from the years 2011 to 2019 to determine the trajectory of fastest times for male and female athletes in the 200m, 400m, 800m, and 1600m races. We show, through visualizations and models, that, for most athletes, the sophomore peak is a myth. Performance is mostly dependent on the individual athlete. That said, the trajectories cluster into four or five types, depending on the race distance. We explain the significance of the types for future recruitment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The number of U.S. prisoners with minor children has increased dramatically in recent decades. Although the quality of inmate-child communication is positively associated with individual and familial outcomes, innovative programming for incarcerated parents is limited. This mixed methods study explored the initial delivery to incarcerated fathers of a letter-writing intervention developed for and previously used with incarcerated mothers. Pre- to post-intervention measures of parental stress, communication, and relationships with caregivers were tested with the Wilcoxon Signed Rank test. Focus groups were conducted post-intervention to explore perceptions of parental challenges and the intervention. Participants experienced significant improvements in communication and caregiver relations, but not in parental stress. Themes from qualitative analysis highlighted important barriers to communication, positive attributes of the intervention—including structured prompts, outside facilitators and peer support—and improved emotional responses and parental identity among participants. The discussion explores ways to build on this successful delivery to incarcerated fathers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Animal Law is an emerging field of law both in university teaching and in legal practice. However, it is still relatively unknown in UK universities with only a small percentage offering a course in the subject. Given the growing interest in environmental protection and animal welfare, it is hoped that more universities will develop modules in Animal Law. This article aims to assist in this by answering the why, how and what of Animal Law teaching in UK universities: Why teach Animal Law? How can it be taught within law programmes and what is currently happening? Animal Law is ideal for exploring the interconnectedness of law and ethics and engages students in applying philosophical theories to some of the real-life dilemmas they face. It is also an excellent subject for developing key transferable skills for law students such as critical analysis, research and mooting. The results from a small survey are presented, outlining how Animal Law is currently taught in UK universities and discussing the potential risks Animal Law modules may face due to the imminent changes in legal education. From this analysis, conclusions are drawn on the future of Animal Law teaching in the UK. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

After three family members’ deaths, expulsion from the Paris Conservatoire for perceived lack of talent, and escaping compulsory military service via deliberate bronchitis infection, Erik Satie returned to Montmartre and soon composed the Trois Gymnopédies (1888). Gymnopédie no. 1's famously liminal simplicity is now culturally ubiquitous. This article speaks to the lacuna between Satie's nebulous queerness and his favoured term ‘gymnopédie’ by unveiling a somatic gesture in the oft-forgotten Gymnopédie no. 3 where the player's hands interlace to sustain overlapped chord voicings. To read this gesture as a form of touch that queers classical technique, I contextualise the suite's affects in Satie's grief-laden biographical moment, and analyse Gymnopédie no. 3's somatic device via traditional music analysis. I examine John Cage's sonic pedagogies developed during his 1948 Black Mountain College lectures to show how Cage's paradigm of embodiment was derived from Satie's methodological treatment of embodied experience. Finally, I include a transdisciplinary somatic interpretation of Gymnopédie no. 3 to contrast customary music analysis. As a practice of perverse presentism, I seek to write within historical tenuity surrounding Satie's queer positionality and the Gymnopédies, necessitating queer pedagogies that visit this question without engaging the critical tendency to essentialise queerness as transhistorical fact. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Blink reflex assessment has been suggested as a potential marker for sportrelated concussions (SRCs) screening. However, exertion level is known to affect the blink reflex, which may affect the clinical utility of sideline screening and postconcussion monitoring. This validation study of 44 male college-aged athletes found significant differences in several blink reflex parameters between baseline and active play. In assessing the differences between mild and moderate/higher intensity, as a function of heart rate, the number of oscillations was the only significantly different parameter between the two groups. When combining the two groups (mild and moderate/higher intensity) and comparing to baseline values of the blink reflex, there were significant differences in latency, initial velocity, time to open, and lid excursions. Using baseline data, the EyeStat provides a greater understanding of its application during baseline, and exercise monitoring. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study examines the question of asymmetry/symmetry regarding the use of language in partisan media outlets in the US. Some research has suggested that conservatives and conservative media are unique in how they present information to their audience, positing that conservatives use simpler, more uncivil language. Others have noted that some of these matters, such as use of uncivil language, applies to both conservative and liberal outlets. The current study adds to this literature by examining whether the ideological leanings of news sources correlate with reading ease, level of negativity (sentiment), and level of formality (tone). Specifically, we examine whether only conservative outlets use simpler, negative, and less formal language or if these trends appear for media outlets across the ideological spectrum. Our findings find support for the symmetry hypothesis. Indeed, our findings suggest that ideological extremity and partisanship strength correlate with use of easier-to-read language. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Altruism is consistently identified as the dominant motive for body donation. Over 12 months, 843 people who requested body donation information packs also completed research questionnaires that included open-ended questions about their motives. Abductive analysis suggested two distinct sets of altruistic motives: those seeking benefits for medical professionals and patient groups ("medical altruism") and those seeking benefits for friends and family ("intimate altruism"). Either could facilitate or impede body donation. Altruism may not be best understood as a unitary motive invariably promoting body donation. Rather, it is a characteristic of various motives, each of which seek benefits for specific beneficiaries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Opioid use in pregnant women is a growing public health concern and is shown to be associated with lower infant birth weights. Placental volume changes in prior studies correlated with various maternal and fetal conditions. We aimed to identify differences between placental volumes in pregnant women with opioid use, and control pregnant women without drug use. We prospectively recruited 27 healthy pregnant women and 17 pregnant women with opioid use disorder who were on medication-assisted treatment (MAT). All women underwent placenta/fetal MRI at 27–39 weeks gestation on a 3 Tesla MR scanner. Placental volumes were measured in a blinded fashion using a previously validated technique. Multiple linear regression was used to identify associations of placental volume with multiple maternal and fetal clinical factors. The significance threshold was set at p <.05. Placental volume was significantly associated with gestational age at MRI (p <.0001), fetal sex (p =.027), MAT with smoking (p =.0008), MAT with polysubstance use (p =.01), and maternal BMI (p =.032). Placental volume was not associated with opioid MAT alone in our cohort. For pregnant women on medication-assisted treatment for opioid use disorder, there was no significant difference in placental volume compared to healthy pregnant women. However, concomitant smoking and polysubstance use in the setting of medication-assisted treatment may be detrimental to placental health. To our knowledge, this is the first study assessing placental volume in opioid use on prenatal MRI. These results support the benefit of medication-assisted treatment during pregnancy; however additional studies are needed to further elucidate the impact of opioid use on placental and fetal development and postnatal outcomes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The goal of this project was to design a scaffolded learning activity that develops English learners' (ELs) argumentation skills. In this study, we investigated how middle school ELs interacted with a game-enhanced scenario-based assessment of argumentation skills (named Seaball). The target skills included identifying and classifying opinions on a controversial issue. Various features, such as language-based accommodations, were embedded in the assessment design to make the tasks more accessible to ELs. Immediate performance feedback was also provided in the assessment. We conducted a pilot study with 163 middle school students (including 96 ELs and 67 native English speakers as a control group) to both examine their performance and evaluate the effectiveness of the accommodations. Results indicated that English proficiency levels were significantly related to student performance in Seaball, and that ELs were outperformed by their English-speaking peers. Additionally, while survey data revealed that students considered the language accommodations embedded in the task to be helpful (e.g. the glossary accommodation), the accommodations had no significant impact on Seaball performance. Both ELs and non-ELs generally agreed that they benefited from receiving immediate feedback in the task. The findings suggest that the approach to designing EL accommodations for students engaging in ELA tasks employed in this work may be promising. Further, this approach has potential to guide the design of formative assessments intended to support ELs in learning ELA argumentation skills. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article examines the performance of the adaptive cumulative sum (CUSUM) plans and three simultaneous CUSUM statistics with different levels of temporal memory for monitoring changes in dispersion in the steady state situation. This article demonstrates that taking a larger rational subgroup has early out-of-control detection advantages for all monitoring plans considered. The article illustrates that the CUSUM plan that seems to have the most convincing robust early detection advantages is the three CUSUM statistic with different levels of temporal memory rather than the adaptive CUSUM plans for steady state situations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Water is crucial for birds, especially during hot weather. However, the availability of water, and its use by birds in modern anthropogenic habitats, is far from understood, especially outside arid regions. Here, we analyze a large nationwide dataset collected in the temperate zone and present an overview of small water resources used by birds in urban and rural habitats in Poland. We investigated the proportion of birds using free-standing water, preferences for various water sources, and factors and threats influencing drinking and bathing behaviour. Birds using water resources are represented by various taxonomic and ecological groups. Species composition differed slightly due to environmental conditions in the vicinity of the water resource and the background species composition. In total 51 species were observed using water, representing 64% of the 80 species recorded in the vicinity. The probability of water usage was positively related to temperature, which further emphasizes the importance of water under future climate-warming scenarios. We show that small water resources, including those provided by people, were less likely to be used by birds than resources resembling natural waters (puddles, ponds, fountains). This novel finding may have particular importance for avian conservation planning, including appropriate behaviour for nature lovers (providing water sources and reducing stress to birds due to predation risk). Finally, we assessed potential threats to bathing and drinking birds, such as moving cars, risk of drowning, and the presence of predators. Any kind of surface water is currently beneficial for wild birds inhabiting human modified landscapes. During heatwaves and droughts access to water can be crucial for many birds. Unfortunately, such extreme events are predicted to become more frequent and more severe under climate change. Therefore, we would encourage further research in the use by birds of free-standing water, similar to the many studies of birdfeeders in winter, and to consider the maintenance of diverse sources of accessible water in environmental management. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Implicit Association Test (IAT) developed by Harvard University has been utilized in teacher preparation for cultural competence. Various versions of the IAT including race and gender based versions are used to raise awareness of student bias and its influences on teaching practice. Through a qualitative exploratory case study, this article introduces the Skin Tone IAT as another meaningful tool for guiding student teachers through an exploration of colorism and implicit skin tone bias. Results demonstrate participants' increased awareness of their own implicit bias. Implications for teaching practice and other helping professions, research, and pedagogy are explored. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As part of the special issue on mentoring in neuropsychology in collaboration between the Journal of Clinical and Experimental Neuropsychology (JCEN) and American Psychological Association (APA) Society for Clinical Neuropsychology (SCN; Division 40)'s Women in Neuropsychology Committee (WIN), we are excited to present a compilation of sage advice in regards to best practices in mentoring from a diverse range of well-respected clinical neuropsychologists in field. This amazing group of neuropsychologists, including: Drs. Heather G. Belanger, Erin D. Bigler, Cady Block, Mark Bondi, Greg Brown, Sandra Brown, Daryl Fujii, Robert Heilbronner, Robin C. Hilsabeck, Amy Jak, Michelle R. Madore, Luis D. Medina, Neil H. Pliskin, George Prigatano, Yakeel T. Quiroz, Lisa Jane Rapport, Maureen Schmitter-Edgecombe, Anthony Y. Stringer, Julie Suhr, Daniel Tranel, Elizabeth W. Twamley, Steven Paul Woods, and Keith Owen Yeates discuss their first-hand experiences and practical advice related to formal/informal mentoring and supervising, with a particular focus on women and underrepresented peoples. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The academic literature on mentoring is well established, with a large body of published "best practices" regarding mentoring outside of neuropsychology. Specific attention is given to the need to diversify mentors, mentoring practices, and giving voice to a new generation of academics and practitioners through the mentoring process. Still, the field of neuropsychology has much to learn and implement consistently in practice from this well-established literature base and trove of resources and best practices. Existing literature in mentoring argues for compassionate mentoring and moving away from a mentee deficit model, to a model of having clear expectations of mentors to address the needs of all their mentees (National Academies of Sciences & Medicine, 2019), but with particular attention given to women, historically marginalized racial/ethnic groups, first-generation college students, mentees with disabilities, sexual and/or gender minority individuals, and mentees with intersecting identities. Evidence-based practices and programs with a focus on culturally responsive mentoring are a new area of interest both in terms of program development based on theory and measurement of mentee-mentor outcomes. Women in Neuropsychology (WIN) is a special committee of the American Psychological Association, Society for Clinical Neuropsychology (SCN; Division 40), dedicated to facilitating success and well-being among women and gender non-binary individuals in neuropsychology (). This article serves as an introduction to the WIN/JCEN special issue on mentoring in neuropsychology. Articles included in this special issue are focused on this specific topic relative to the discipline of clinical neuropsychology to develop, operationalize, and highlight best practices in mentoring with attention to the need to end racist/sexist treatment of women and historically marginalized racial/ethnic individuals; develop culturally humble mentoring approaches and clinical practices; and fix the leaky pipeline limiting access to marginalized individuals to contribute to the field of research and practice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Neuropsychology trainees have identified mentorship as an important factor in their training. Limited past work has been conducted on mentorship within neuropsychology, and there is a need to better understand the experiences and perspectives of neuropsychology mentors. Self-identified mentors in clinical neuropsychology completed a survey about their mentorship practices, including culturally responsive mentorship, as well as perceived barriers and challenges to providing effective mentorship. Themes were derived using qualitative analyses for free response questions, and descriptive statistics were calculated for quantitative variables. Mentors identified assessment, professionalism, and ethics as top priorities in mentorship, which may reflect the overlap within neuropsychology of assessment supervision and mentoring. Reported best practices included being self-aware and engaging in a personalized approach to mentorship relationships that varies depending upon the needs of the mentee. A majority reported that their training program is not diverse and they themselves do not mentor trainees from diverse backgrounds which provides a clear area for targeted efforts to recruit and retain diversity in the discipline. Mentors described practices related to discussing diversity-related differences with their trainees including self-disclosure, creating a safe space for conversations, and tailoring discussions to the individual trainee. They reported an interest in more training on how to engage in culturally competent mentorship. Two barriers to providing effective mentorship identified most by mentors were time constraints and a lack of training. These results highlight a variety of perspectives and approaches to mentorship, which may be beneficial for mentors to consider as they reflect on their mentorship practices and/or for trainees as part of their professional development toward becoming future mentors themselves. These results also highlight the need for a greater emphasis on mentorship training within neuropsychology, including training in culturally responsive mentorship practices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Despite the prominence of self-efficacy as a predictor of antiretroviral therapy (ART) adherence, relatively little work has examined domain-specific associations with steps in the care continuum or the possibility that substance use may have domain-specific associations with self-efficacy. This study analyzed data from a sample of 174 people living with HIV recruited through three clinics in the New York City metro area. Consistent with hypotheses, path analysis showed that appointments kept and viral load were each predicted only by their respective domain-specific self-efficacy components (i.e., self-efficacy for keeping appointments, B = 0.01, p =.04; and self-efficacy for taking ART medications, B = −0.02, p <.01). Path models also indicated domain-specific associations with substance use. Self-efficacy for keeping appointments was negatively associated with severity of drug use (B = −1.81, p <.01); meanwhile, self-efficacy for taking ART medications was negatively associated with severity of alcohol use (B = −0.52, p <.01). Accordingly, studies assessing barriers to retention in the HIV care continuum should conduct multi-domain assessments of self-efficacy for differential associations with specific behaviors. Furthermore, HIV care providers might consider screening for domain-specific self-efficacy to identify patients at risk of drop-out and tailoring interventions to various care continuum domains. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The COVID-19 pandemic has exacerbated disparities in access to healthcare and mental health, often forcing healthcare social workers into ethical and moral dilemmas as they endeavor to provide equitable, humanistic care to their patients and caregivers. The purpose of this mixed method study was to explore how COVID-19-related personal and professional grief and losses impacted healthcare social worker's distress and resilience. Participants were recruited through healthcare social work professional organizations from September-November 2020. Participants (N = 246) completed an online survey capturing sociodemographic variables, as well as mental distress, pandemic-related meaning-making, and resilience. Data analysis included correlations and regressions pertaining to meaning-making, emotional distress, and resilience, as well as thematic analysis of participants' open-ended survey responses. Approximately one-third of participants reported emotional distress and difficulty in finding meaning from their pandemic-related losses. Participants reported a lower level of resilience when compared with the United States general population. Three themes emerged from social workers' qualitative responses: the hardest year of my career; the collective loss of our normal; and we were built for this. Pandemic-related grief permeates social workers' daily lives; yet their training and resilience foster hope to positively impact their clients, communities, and families. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper addresses the question of what it means to be human from a Native American (specifically, Ojibwe) perspective by interrogating the human-animal relationships in The Birchbark House series by Louise Erdrich (1999–2016). The article begins by considering the human-nature ontology shared by Native American tribes, before developing the idea of a kinship ecology within an Ojibwe context. The novels' designation as children's literature adds further complexity to this study due to its tendency towards didacticism and the nature of the child 'learning' to be human and about their place in the world. Furthermore, within the novels there exists a counterpoint to the author's portrayal of Ojibwe values through the impact of settler colonialism on the lives of the characters, and with it, the differing treatment of animals and the wider environment. I consider how the novels' presentation of Ojibwe 'human nature' is at odds with settler colonialist beliefs about what it means to be human, both in the historical setting of the narrative and in the novels' message for the twenty-first century reader. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Many tools have been generated in recent decades to support decision-makers in understanding and acting on climate science, causing stakeholders in the Gulf of Mexico (Gulf) to repeatedly express the need for guidance when selecting climate resilience tools. The Climate and Resilience Community of Practice (CoP), Gulf of Mexico Alliance (GOMA), and the Northern Gulf of Mexico Sentinel Site Cooperative (Cooperative) developed and implemented an end-user driven process for tool creation. Research has suggested that integrating target end-users throughout tool development improves the probability a tool will be utilized, yet there is little practical guidance available on how to successfully design and implement an end-user driven tool development process. In this study, an end-user driven process and results from implementing the process during tool development are presented. Challenges, successful approaches, and lessons learned to support future tool development, especially for tools focused on sharing climate science are identified. Guidance is provided on needed expertise, timelines for engagement with target end-users, and methods on how to solicit, analyze, and assimilate end-user needs, perspectives, and priorities into a final product. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: The theory of reinvestment has been used to explain underperformance of motor skills in sport. Our study had three objectives. First, we examined the influence of conscious processing on rowing performance in competitive races. Second, we investigated conscious processing as a function of rowing experience. Finally, we explored whether extreme conscious processing predicted catastrophic skill failure during competitive rowing. Design: Cross-sectional field study. Participants were observed during a competitive race before completing a multi-measure questionnaire. Method: Participants were recruited from one of five rowing events held in the English midlands. Rowers (N = 147) were observed racing and then completed measures of movement-specific reinvestment, perceived performance, and demographics. Actual performance was calculated from their race finishing position. Results: Post-hoc data analysis revealed that Movement Self-Consciousness (MSC) but not Conscious Motor Processing (CMP) was associated with actual race performance. CMP was positively associated with perceived technical performance, whereas MSC was negatively associated with perceived tactical performance. Two rowers who were observed to crab (i.e., choke) during their race reported extreme levels of CMP. Finally, the relationship between conscious processing and performance was not moderated by rowing experience. Conclusion: Our findings provide broad support for the theory of reinvestment in the rowing context. Poor race outcome was only associated with MSC, suggesting that the pressures of competition, such as social evaluation, impact field performance. Catastrophic performance failure during competition (i.e., crabbing) was linked to extremely high CMP, which may be due to excessive conscious control that CMP evokes, therefore disrupting automatic processes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Rape myths (RMs) are a complex set of cultural beliefs and attitudes that support and condone sexual violence, mainly by shifting blame from the perpetrator to the victim. Much empirical attention has been paid to how RMs perpetuate cultural norms that justify sexually assaultive behaviours, with research demonstrating that individuals who have higher rape myth acceptance (RMA) are less likely to believe victims of sexual assault, report their own assault if victimized, and are themselves at an increased risk for sexual violence perpetration. Though several methods exist for assessing RMA, shifting cultural norms make it increasingly difficult to accurately assess RMA using traditional quantitative methods; existing research shows discrepancies in response patterns between qualitative and quantitative examinations of RMAs. In a mock-jury paradigm, university (n = 86) and community-based participants (n = 82) responded to a fictitious police report of sexual coercion between two romantic partners. Results indicated that although respondents endorsed low levels of RMA on a self-report measure (updated IRMA), their qualitative responses endorsed four distinct RMs, such as "she asked for it," which attributes responsibility for the assault to the victim. Implications and future directions for research will be discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This research project aimed to develop and validate a rowing-specific reinvestment scale. In Study 1, a 24-item questionnaire was developed and the content validity was assessed using experts (N = 7) and pilot-tested in rowers (N = 24). Next, rowers (N = 282) completed the questionnaire with the remaining items, and exploratory factor analysis (EFA) was conducted. This further reduced the number of items and revealed two factors, rowing specific conscious motor processing (RS-CMP) and movement self-consciousness (RS-MSC). In Study 2, rowers (N = 270) completed the scale that was evaluated using confirmatory factor analysis (CFA). Moreover, the construct validity of the scale was investigated by asking them to complete measures of movement-specific reinvestment, perceived performance, self-consciousness, and state anxiety. Actual performance was also determined based on their race finishing position. Study 1 EFA resulted in a 2-factor model with six items assessing RS-CMP and six items assessing RS-MSC. Study 2 supported the factor structure of scale; CFA indicated an acceptable model fit with good internal consistency. Content validity was also supported, with evidence of concurrent, convergent, discriminant, and predictive validity. In conclusion, these studies provided good initial evidence for the validity and reliability of the RSRS. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Retail research The objective of IRRDCR from the outset has been to seek to publish interesting research on aspects of retailing and retail change. The IRRDCR has tried to maintain this variety of approaches and a concern with the real-life practicality and variety of retailing, internationally, and with this broader concern for processes in retailing and retail management. Our look to the future considered four avenues of change that we saw as likely to be issues for retail research: retailing itself, retailing internationally, the impact of retailing and retail academia. The IJR sought to include research articles, research notes, case studies, book reviews and descriptions of retail research units across the globe, with the aim of linking an international retail scholarly community and progressing interesting, international, retail-focused research. [Extracted from the article]

To compare the bicarbonate kinetics and gastrointestinal (GI) symptom responses between an equal dose of sodium bicarbonate and sodium citrate using delayed-release capsules. Thirteen active males (age 20.5 ± 2.1 y, height 1.8 ± 0.1 m and body mass [BM] 76.5 ± 9.6 kg) consumed either 0.3 g.kg−1 BM sodium bicarbonate, sodium citrate or a placebo, using a double-blind, randomized crossover design. Blood bicarbonate ion (HCO3−) concentration, pH and GI symptoms were measured pre-consumption and every 10 min for 180 min post-consumption. Blood HCO3− concentration (P < 0.001) and pH (P = 0.040) were significantly higher in the sodium bicarbonate condition compared with sodium citrate condition up to 3 h post-consumption. Peak blood HCO3– concentration was significantly higher with the sodium bicarbonate compared with citrate (P < 0.001). Mean GI symptom scores were lower (P = 0.037) for sodium citrate (1.5 ± 1.8 AU) than bicarbonate (2.6 ± 3.1 AU), with considerable inter-individual variability. No GI symptoms were reported following consumption of the placebo. Both substances increase HCO3− values significantly, with sodium bicarbonate causing significantly higher pH and HCO3− values than the same dose of sodium citrate, but results in slightly more severe GI symptoms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Effectively evaluating the credibility and accuracy of multiple sources is critical for college readiness. We developed 24 source evaluation tasks spanning four predicted difficulty levels of a hypothesized learning progression (LP) and piloted these tasks to evaluate the utility of an LP-based approach to designing formative literacy assessments. Sixth, seventh, and eighth grade students (N = 360, 120 per grade) completed 12 of the 24 tasks in an online testing session. Analyses examined the tasks' reliability and validity and whether patterns of performance aligned to predicted LP levels (i.e., recovery of the LP) using task progression maps derived from item response theory (IRT). Results suggested that the LP tasks were reliable and correlated with external measures; however, some lower level tasks proved unexpectedly difficult. Possible explanations for low performance are discussed, followed by implications for future LP and task revisions. This work provides a model for designing and evaluating LP-based literacy assessments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Minimization of airborne virus transmission has become increasingly important due to pandemic and endemic infectious respiratory diseases. Physical distancing is a frequently advocated control measure, but the proximity-based transmission it is intended to control is challenging to incorporate into generalized, ventilation-based models. We utilize a size-dependent aerosol release model with turbulent dispersion to assess the impact of direct, near-field transport in conjunction with changes in ventilation, exposure duration, exhalation/inhalation rates, and masks. We demonstrate this model on indoor and outdoor scenarios to estimate the relative impacts on infection risk. The model can be expressed as a product of six multiplicative factors that may be used to identify opportunities for risk reduction. The additive nature of the short-range (proximity) and long-range (background) transmission components of the aerosol transport factor implies that they must be minimized simultaneously. Indoor simulations showed that close physical distances attenuated the impact of most other risk reduction factors. Increasing ventilation resulted in a 17-fold risk decrease at further physical distances but only a 6-fold decrease at shorter distances. Distance, emission rate, and duration also had large impacts on risk (11–65-fold), while air direction and inhalation rate had lower risk impacts (3–4-fold range). Surgical mask and respirator models predicted higher maximum risk impacts (33- and 280-fold, respectively) than cloth masks (4-fold). Most simulations showed decreasing risk at distances > 1–2 m (3–6 ft). The risk benefit of maintaining 2-m distance vs. 1 m depended substantially on the environmental turbulence and ventilation rate. Outdoors, long-range transmission was negligible and short-range transmission was the primary determinant of risk. Temporary passing events increased risk by up to 50 times at very slow walking speeds and close passing distances, but the relative risks outdoors were still much lower than indoors. The current model assumes turbulent dispersion typical of a given room size and ventilation rate. However, calm environments or confined airflows may increase transmission risks beyond levels predicted with this turbulent model. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]