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The aim with this article is to contribute knowledge about the meanings of friluftsliv in educational practice. This is done by investigating what friluftsliv becomes in the ongoing practices of PETE in Sweden and how these meanings are established in the studied activities. The empirical material consists of different kinds of material from friluftsliv activities in PETE programmes: study guides, field trip plans, students' vlogs from overnight stays outdoors, video recordings from two longer field trips, audio recordings from evening seminars during the field trips and students' written reflections after them. In order to identify meanings of friluftsliv and how these are established we used a transactional analysis based on Dewey. Five different ways of what friluftsliv becomes in PETE practice were identified in this study. The different meanings reflect the complex picture of contradictions and lack of common ground for the content and motives identified in the outdoor education field. Our study also confirms how the meaning of friluftsliv as skills is established by putting up tents, lighting fires, building wind shelters and so on, and how this contributes to a focus on the instrumental values in PETE. On the other hand, our study shows that other meanings of friluftsliv are established in the ongoing practice, where more intrinsic values are at stake even if they are often overshadowed in PETE practice. In conclusion the results also point to the potential of fritluftsliv in terms of a suggested move away from an activity-based personal and social development discourse in favour of experiences of educating for environmentally sustainable human-nature relations. The challenge is how to make these experiences educational in PETE and how to guide students in transforming experiences in more exclusive friluftsliv into pedagogical competence as future teachers using friluftsliv for different purposes in school PE. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As incumbents strive to collaborate with start-ups in the pursuit of cutting-edge digital solutions, the complexities posed by disparate partners and their innovative endeavours often lead to intricate tensions. Our research underscores the critical role of innovation intermediaries in enabling a successful digital co-creation, yet a deeper understanding of this novel and evolving context is required. Through a comprehensive study of two innovation intermediaries, five incumbent companies, and eleven start-ups, we shed light on how intermediaries can effectively mitigate the hard-to-manage tensions that emerge. Our analysis uncovers three primary tensions: incompatible digital co-creation cultures, divergent digital innovation operations, and misaligned technical capabilities. We further propose a four-phase process for innovation intermediation, including the establishment of digital co-creation foundations, catalysing digital innovation projects, orchestrating the co-creation process, and scaling the resulting outcomes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Orthohantaviruses are rodent-borne emerging viruses that cause haemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS) in Eurasia and hantavirus pulmonary syndrome in America. Transmission between humans have been reported and the case-fatality rate ranges from 0.4% to 40% depending on virus strain. There is no specific and efficient treatment for patients with severe HFRS. Here, we characterised a fatal case of HFRS and sequenced the causing Puumala orthohantavirus (PUUV). PUUV RNA and virus specific neutralising antibodies were quantified in plasma samples from the fatal case and other patients with non-fatal PUUV infection. To investigate if the causing PUUV strain was different from previously known strains, Sanger sequencing was performed directly from the patient's plasma. Biopsies obtained from autopsy were stained for immunohistochemistry. The patient had approximately tenfold lower levels of PUUV neutralising antibodies and twice higher viral load than was normally seen for patients with less severe PUUV infection. We could demonstrate unique mutations in the S and M segments of the virus that could have had an impact on the severity of infection. Due to the severe course of infection, the patient was treated with the bradykinin receptor inhibitor icatibant to reduce bradykinin-mediated vessel permeability and maintain vascular circulation. Our data suggest that bradykinin receptor inhibitor may not be highly efficient to treat patients that are at an advanced stage of HFRS. Low neutralising antibodies and high viral load at admission to the hospital were associated with the fatal outcome and may be useful for future predictions of disease outcome. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

My parents' death struggle, my clinical work with dying patients, the euthanasia of Freud, and a fear of dementia form the background to my reflections on dying patients, hospices, assisted suicide, and euthanasia. The change in public opinion has resulted in a displacement from Nazi crimes to the present focus on the right to self-determination. Consequently, a law allowing assisted suicide or euthanasia has been adopted in several locations, such as Oregon in the USA, the Benelux countries, Switzerland, and Canada. The fear of suffering, hopelessness, and inability are strong arguments to allow euthanasia and aided suicide. A compelling case against it is its negative social consequences, the infringement into the private sphere when the sick person and their family must decide if they are willing to accept assisted suicide or euthanasia. Although the "right to death" provides freedom to some, for others it is a forced choice that interferes with the dying process. I conclude by highlighting the palliative model, wherein death is perceived as a part of an individual's life and as a normal process, although this task is hard for the family to contain, especially when the dying person is in pain and agony. Dying is not merely an individual process. It affects the whole family as well as the future generations' views on reciprocity and responsibility. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives. This study aimed to investigate whether introducing a digital risk assessment tool, the Swedish National Vibration Database, would increase the number of risk assessments on hand–arm and whole-body vibration. Employer and safety representatives from companies where vibration exposure is common were invited. Methods. Of the 2953 invited companies, 1916 were selected for educational intervention and the remaining 1037 companies served as a control group with no intervention. For the educational intervention, participating companies were further divided into two groups (group A, n = 26; group B, n = 47) that both received information regarding risk assessment, but group B was also informed about the digital tool. Both groups answered a questionnaire on risk assessment before the intervention and at the follow-up, 6 months later; the control group received the same questionnaire but no education (group C, n = 22). Results. Of the invited companies, only 2% chose to participate and 7% at follow-up. Seventy-eight percent of the participants had made some kind of risk assessment of vibration at follow-up. Conclusion. Due to the low participation rate among invited companies, this study is not able to draw any conclusions on whether the digital tool can be used to increase the number of risk assessments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Alcohol is one of the leading contributors to the disease burden among young people. Drinking motives are one of the strongest factors influencing drinking behaviors among youth, yet we know little about reasons for why young people do not drink. The aim of the present study is to examine reasons for not drinking in a nationally representative sample of Swedish youth. Data from a survey of a nationally representative sample of students in year 9 (15-16 years old) was used. Data was collected in 2017 and the total sample comprise 5549 respondents. Ten items measured reasons not to drink alcohol. Comparisons were made between drinkers and nondrinkers in endorsement of the reasons for not drinking. A multivariable logistic regression model was fitted to examine the relative importance of the different reasons. That alcohol is bad for health and parents disapproval of drinking was the most commonly endorsed reasons both among drinkers and nondrinkers. The multivariable analysis showed that the strongest association with being a nondrinker was found for "Alcohol tastes horrible" (OR 2.995), "I have religious reasons for not drinking" (OR 2.775), "People who drink lose control in an unpleasant way" (OR 2.460) and "Drinking is too likely to lead to serious accidents" (OR 2.458). Harm avoidance and religious reasons are the most important reasons not to drink among Swedish youth. Future research should examine how different reasons predict abstinence. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article reports on an empirical study of a literature project at a special residential home for detained youth in Sweden. Informed by critical literacy, the study explored the ways in which versions of empowerment in relation to reading were performed in a 'critical space'. The ethnographic study was analytically inspired by the actor-network theory. Observations and interviews with students and teachers were used to understand the ambiguous and at times contradictory ways that empowerment was enacted; aligning with or refusing to align with dominant literacies or institutionalised expectations of development and improvement. Two different versions of empowerment are explored; these exist in tension with each other and are enacted in the material. The paper concludes with a discussion of the reading project as a critical space, a specific site that offered more critical elements of reading to take part in education. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Literary education exposes students to unpredictable critical moments in their encounters with a text. Drawing on Dewey's transactional realism and actor-network theory, this theoretical and conceptual study explores the performativity of things and materials as they shape reading and teaching bodies. This transactional performativity extends beyond the physical positioning of the body to the power relations enacted in text situations. The conceptual rationale is illustrated by a story about a reading chair in a detention home for detained young men—an environment where power issues come to a head. The story illustrates a theoretical discussion of what might be characterized as performing 'the critical' in reading and how potentialities for students' experiences are created in text situations by the different components involved. The purpose of the article is to explore the potentialities of performing critical aspects of reading to challenge, to transform, and to encourage resistance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the era of digitalization, manufacturing firms find it difficult to assess what is "the right" digital business model. To avoid common digitalization traps, company leaders and managers need to carefully assess each business model opportunity before committing to implementation and commercialization. We present insights from our case study about the diverse and complex issues related to digital business models. We highlight three digitalization traps and provide a three-phase framework companies can use to evaluate digital business model opportunities and make an informed decision on the commercial prospects for each model vetted. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We are witnessing an alarming increase in the burden and range of mosquito-borne arboviral diseases. The transmission dynamics of arboviral diseases is highly sensitive to climate and weather and is further affected by non-climatic factors such as human mobility, urbanization, and disease control. As evidence also suggests, climate-driven changes in species interactions may trigger evolutionary responses in both vectors and pathogens with important consequences for disease transmission patterns. Focusing on dengue and chikungunya, we review the current knowledge and challenges in our understanding of disease risk in a rapidly changing climate. We identify the most critical research gaps that limit the predictive skill of arbovirus risk models and the development of early warning systems, and conclude by highlighting the potentially important research directions to stimulate progress in this field. Future studies that aim to predict the risk of arboviral diseases need to consider the interactions between climate modes at different timescales, the effects of the many non-climatic drivers, as well as the potential for climate-driven adaptation and evolution in vectors and pathogens. An important outcome of such studies would be an enhanced ability to promulgate early warning information, initiate adequate response, and enhance preparedness capacity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A milder climate has during the last decade contributed to an increased density and spreading of ixodid ticks, thus enhancing their role as emerging vectors for pathogenic microorganisms in northern Europe. It remains unclear if they contribute to the occurrence of infections caused by the bacteria Bartonella spp., Francisella tularensis subspecies holarctica and the parasite Toxoplasma gondii in Sweden and on the Åland islands, Finland. In this study, we want to improve understanding of the tick-borne transmission of these pathogens. Volunteers were recruited at primary healthcare centers. Ticks and blood samples were acquired from participants recruited in 2008 and 2009. Health questionnaires were completed, and medical records were acquired where applicable. Feeding time was estimated and screening of pathogens in the ticks was performed through real-time PCR. Ticks (n = 1849) were of mixed developmental stages: 76 larvae, 1295 nymphs, 426 adults and 52 undetermined. All analyzed ticks were considered negative for these pathogens since the CT-values were all below the detection limit for Bartonella spp. (1663 ticks), Francisella spp. (1849 ticks) and Toxoplasma gondii (1813 ticks). We assume that infections with these pathogens are caused by other transmission pathways within these regions of Sweden and the Åland islands, Finland. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper investigates consumer response to advertising for future, to-be-released products. Drawing on recent consumer psychology research on the optimism bias, positive uncertainty, and affective (mis-)forecasting, we explore consumers' positive bias for "the next product." A first experimental study of responses to car ads investigates how advertising the same product before versus after release has significant, favorable effects. Future-oriented advertising evokes greater elaboration and stimulates more positive evaluations of both ads and brands. The second experimental study replicates and extends these findings with mineral water ads for both familiar and unfamiliar brands. The third study rules out limited availability as a competing explanation and extends the findings by including a time lag and actual product consumption. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Wildfires present a growing risk to many countries, and climate change is likely to exacerbate this risk. This study analyzes how people directly affected by a wildfire understand its causes and consequences, as well as the future risk of wildfires. The point of departure is that social understanding of wildfires has an important influence on the consequences that emerge in the wake of a wildfire. The empirical case analyzed here is the largest forest fire in modern Swedish history, and the material basis of the study is a postal survey to all individuals directly affected by the fire. The results revealed a complex picture of the respondents' understanding of the wildfire. Even if the fire was human caused, there was little blame toward forest companies and fire departments. Many positive consequences, such as a long-term increase in biodiversity, were attached to the disaster, and there was a belief that organizations will learn from it and take action to limit wildfires in the future. Simultaneously, the majority of the respondents believed that climate change may lead to an increased risk of forest fires in the future. These findings illustrate the complexity of people's perceptions of the fire and its aftermath. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Terrorism is a worldwide phenomenon, as the Global terrorism index reveals. The aim of terrorism is to take command over our feelings and our imagination to compel us to change our ways of life and release a clash between civilizations. In my discussion, I will concentrate on identity, an individual's feeling of being unique, having a coherent self while at the same time being part of a large group. My intention is to link the concept of identity to affects and thinking and the loss of reality-testing when the group is dominated by schizo-paranoid anxiety. Two lines of thought stand out in my discussion of terrorism - the power of identity and the search for meaning - both of which are affected by globalization, the rise of a network society, and disenchantment with the world. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

There have been increasing demands to improve Swedish children's reading habits, triggered by poor PISA results in 2013, and public healthcare has stepped in as a strong reading-promoting actor. Drawing on the emerging field of valuation research in STS, the paper explores the values enacted in health-related information brochures about reading that are distributed to all Swedish parents at various times of their children's lives. The analysis demonstrates how the lack of reading books is enacted as a public health problem that requires prevention and intervention of public healthcare. Health is thus recruited as a stabilising actor in the process of determining the value and importance of reading and where the problem of non-reading of books becomes a private matter for families to solve. The analysis also shows how instances of health-promoting intentions of doing good can in effect be marginalising by viewing specific people as less valuable. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Science and Technology Studies (STS) has been surprisingly slow to become widely known and deployed in the field of education. Yet STS has a rich array of concepts and analytical methods to offer to studies of: knowledge practices and epistemic cultures; the interrelationship between states and knowledge; regulatory practices, governance and institutions; and classrooms, pedagogy, teaching and learning. Most importantly, it provides a fresh perspective on how power operates in ordering societies, disciplining actors and promoting ideas and practices. In this paper, we provide an introduction to STS and elaborate what it offers education scholars. Using examples from the emerging body of STS work in the field of education, and in particular from the papers in this special issue, we argue that STS is not only useful, but an exciting and generative form of critique - one that is especially suited to investigating contemporary issues in education policies and practices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Research suggests that compared with working-class parents, middle-class parents more commonly enrol their children in organised activities with the aim of increasing their prospects of future success in education and working life. Organised activities are seen as an important contribution to the reproduction of social class. Drawing on a Bourdieusian understanding of social class, this study contributes by exploring class-based reasoning about extracurricular activities among Swedish parents. Sweden provides a markedly different institutional and social context than is usually found in the literature. In the present study, interviews with 37 working-class and middle-class parents are qualitatively analysed. Findings show similarities in parents’ reasoning, indicating that Swedish parenting culture and childrearing ideals partly cross class boundaries. They also suggest, however, that the middle-class parents typically regarded extracurricular activities as more important, and enrolled their children in more activities, than the working-class parents. The contradiction between similarities emanating from dominant national cultural understandings of parenting and childrearing and dissimilarities based on class-culture socialisation is explored in this article. One tentative conclusion is that working-class parents’ lower participation levels are not only explained by cultural and financial resources but also by limited control over working hours. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Both inside and outside educational settings, reading literature is emphasized as something good, perhaps even something that makes us better people. This paper aims to open the ‘black-boxed’ conception of reading by studying how reading and (non)readers are conceptualized in relation to young people taken into custody. I examine a policy document describing a reading project in detention homes for young people as a case in which reading is perceived as having specific effects. Actor-network theory is used as a methodological approach to call attention to the way ideas, values, and knowledge about educational content are produced. The analysis shows that the seemingly coherent policy document produces radically different versions of what reading is and who the readers and non-readers are. I conclude that conceptualizations of reading and literacy always involve the creation of ‘a dark side of reading’; the strong construction of ‘reading as doing good’ has marginalizing effects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Lay summary: Human and animal studies have shown that chronic stress interfers with both homeostatic and hedonic appetite control. Here, we investigated the effect of chronic stress on food preferences and eating behavior in real life settings. In random order, fifty healthy students participated in two test periods of 4-5 days; a stressful period (one week prior to an examination) and a nonstressful period (four weeks after an examination). Food preferences were assessed by counting money spent on highly rewarding foods bought with gift certificates, and changes in eating behavior was further assessed by the Three Factor Eating Questionnaire. Cohen's Perceived Stress Scale, the Recovery-Stress Questionnaire, heart rate variability and Cortisol awakening response were used to evaluate the level of stress. Data on glycemic control, blood pressure, physical activity and sleep were also collected. Forty-four subjects had complete data on the primary outcome. Self-perceived stress was higher and recovery lower in the exam period (p ≤ .001). Subjects were less cognitively restrained (p = .037), less moderately-to-vigorously and lightly physically active (p ≤ .037) and were more sedentary (p = .009) in the examination period. However, no difference was found in money spent on high reward foods, disinhibition or hunger between the examination and control condition. Furthermore, no differences in the physiological markers of stress, glycemic measures and sleep were found. Data does not convincingly support the hypothesis that perceived stress increases the preference for highly palatable foods or leads to adverse effects on different markers of health. However, the stressor might have been to mild to induce obesogenic behaviors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The development of novel digital technologies connected to the Internet of Things, along with advancements in artificial intelligence and automation, is enabling a new wave of manufacturing innovation. "Smart factories" will leverage industrial equipment that communicates with users and with other machines, automated processes, and mechanisms to facilitate real-time communication between the factory and the market to support dynamic adaptation and maximize efficiency. Smart factories can yield a range of benefits, such as increased process efficiency, product quality, sustainability, and safety and decreased costs. However, companies face immense challenges in implementing smart factories, given the large-scale, systemic transformation the move requires. We use data gathered from in-depth studies of five factories in two leading automotive manufacturers to analyze these challenges and identify the key steps needed to implement the smart factory concept. Based on our analysis, we offer a preliminary maturity model for smart factory implementation built around three overarching principles: cultivating digital people, introducing agile processes, and configuring modular technologies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The study included 12 preschool departments, with two teachers in six departments characterised by high levels of stress and burnout and two teachers in six departments characterised by low levels of stress and burnout. A total of 24 females with a mean age of 43.5 years participated in the study. The teachers rated stress, fatigue, work demands and work burnout using different questionnaires. Cortisol samples were collected at wake up, one hour after wake up, at 11:00 am and at 09:00 pm. An observation study was conducted to create an overview of the communication patterns between the children and the personnel during different time periods. Significant differences between the two groups of teachers were observed regarding the organisation of the work and family situation. The high-stress teachers had more communications from colleagues than low-stress teachers, spent more time on pedagogical planning and had young children at home. These results support the view that the organisation is a central factor regarding stress experienced by preschool teachers. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

In this article we explore factors that constitute ‘the social’ for the teacher Susan, which at the same time highlights ethical aspects of the exercise of her profession. We meet her in a situation where she is setting grades, and our interest focuses on the relations that become of concern for her in her professional task to give the students their grades. In this exploration, we recognize the renewal of interest in realism and examine the possible links that can be drawn between transactional realism, as a pragmatic view, and the new materialism, here represented by actor–network theory. Building on a narrative from an interview with a named teacher in a daily newspaper, the empirical study focuses on actors constituting Susan’s reality when grading. Our argument is that in order to understand the complex levels of aspects that influence teachers’ actions, it is necessary to start from the local and from there trace the human and material factors that may affect teachers’ room for action. Bringing material aspects into the consideration of Susan’s situation helps us see that technology itself changes time and spaces and moves the action of grading into spaces outside her professional sphere. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

How do forestry consultants provide advice when facing a situation of great uncertainty? This question serves as the point of departure in analyzing how forestry consultants provide guidance in extreme situations. Three empirical cases are analyzed, all related to a storm that caused the most severe damage in Swedish history. The first case concerns how forestry consultants handled the immediate uncertainties in their advice on how to manage the windthrow. The second case concerns how they handled the risks associated with the large-scale timber depots that resulted from the decision to transport all windthrown trees away from the forest. The third case concerns how forestry consultants handled uncertainties regarding the reforestation of the area. Whereas there was discursive closure in the two first cases, and the forest owners followed the recommendations made by the forestry consultants, there was no discursive closure in the third case, resulting in the forest owners deciding against the advice provided by the consultants. In conclusion, this result is explained with reference to the epistemic authority and embodied knowledge of the forestry consultants. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

How are extreme events understood in the forest sector? What are the implications of forest professionals' understandings and evaluations of extreme events? These questions are central to this study, which analyses the handling of the largest forest storm and the largest forest fire in modern Swedish history. The theoretical approach is that of risk governance in practice, which stresses that understanding the framings, practices and strategies used by members of professional organizations is pivotal for how disasters are managed. Two interview studies have been conducted with forest professionals involved in the two cases. The analysis shows that there were fundamentally different understandings of the two events and their implications for forestry practice. The storm was seen as an unavoidable natural disaster, but the consequences of future storms were considered possible to mitigate through changed forest practices. The forest fire, on the other hand, was conceptualized as a partly natural and partly man-made disaster, and forestry was seen as having very limited possibilities to reduce the likelihood as well as the consequences of similar events. The different understandings had significant implications for the post-disaster dynamics and for which management practices that were developed. Thus, understanding how extreme events are perceived is crucial to understanding which management practices that emerge in their wake, a topic of growing relevance because climate change is predicted to increase the frequency of forest fires and storms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

OVERVIEW: As multinational manufacturing companies pursue service innovation toward global markets, their back-end development units -- headquarters R&D -- face immense challenges due to market heterogeneity. Our extensive studies of 13 leading multinational companies in service innovation have identified, analyzed, and ranked challenges to reveal the key steps to building necessary capabilities. Based on our analysis, we inductively identified four competencies in global service innovation capabilities (developing customer insights, integrating global knowledge, creating global service offerings, and building a digitalization capability) and the activities associated with them. Global service innovation requires companies to develop capabilities that support increased relationship intensity and interaction between headquarters R&D and local units, customers, and service partners. In developing these capabilities, the headquarters units progressively learn to collaborate, integrate, and orchestrate processes and activities across and within regional front-end units, customers, and service partners. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this article is to describe howthe learner autonomy of a student diagnosed with high-functioning autism is regarded in regular education in a longitudinal perspective and how her educational strategies are managed by school representatives. The main data include unstructured interviews with the student and educational personnel and passive observations in the class room. The student's intellectual orientation and scientific interests are discouraged by most teachers throughout her school years. School narratives of her perceived cognitive and educational shortcomings overshadow and counteract her autonomy. The student's scientific interests can be seen as a means to deal with perceptions of a world that is incomprehensible and frightening. It is possible that persons with weak central coherence, more often than others, have interests concerning how things are structured and strive to organise and explain their environment. This specific kind of learner autonomy can be described as intellectual induction and could be understood as compensatory strategy of the mind. In school, however, it is discouraged with reference to the student's problems in areas traditionally associated with learner autonomy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

NEET is an acronym for Not in Employment, Education or Training. For the year 2010, it is estimated that 12.5% of all young people aged 15-24 in the OECD countries could be categorised as NEETs. Within this group, various subgroups of NEET are identified. Our study, which was conducted using cross-sectional data collected through the European Social Survey, focuses on the category of people who are assumed to be most marginalised and inactive: ''the disengaged.'' Participants in the study were men and women aged 18-30, originating from 33 European countries. The results show that disengaged NEETs reported poorer health than both young people who were conventionally unemployed and those in employment or studying. It is also shown that ''the disengaged'' scored worse on other social and welfare variables, for example, trust and social activity. Being disengaged is discussed in relation to the gross domestic products of the different countries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Traditional manufacturing companies are increasingly offering industrial services in order to secure their position in the globally competitive environment. However, little is known about the extent and effect of this transition. Based on a large-scale survey of Finnish manufacturing companies, this study offers descriptive statistics for current industrial service offerings. Merely adding on simple services to a current product offering is shown to be negatively associated with financial performance. Rather, our statistical analysis suggests a thorough and comprehensive organizational transformation is required to generate significant financial value. In addition, qualitative data from globally recognized Swedish and Finnish frontrunner manufacturing companies offer insights into how these market leaders have successfully navigated the organizational challenges of such a transformation to offer successful industrial product-service systems. Based on the data, we outline four distinctive capabilities and associated key learning activities required to facilitate a successful transition toward becoming a high-value industrial product-service provider. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper outlines the history of theInternational Forum of Psychoanalysis, with special reference to its values, organization, and relation to technical developments, that is, the use of information technology in the handling of its manuscripts. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

In the aftermath of a hurricane in Sweden that felled some 250 million trees, the Swedish Forest Agency advised forest owners to reduce forest vulnerability by planting different tree species. This paper analyses why forest owners failed to heed the Forest Agency's recommendation, thereby reproducing a forest vulnerable to storms. This paper focuses on the deliberations and risk evaluations of forest owners when deciding which tree species to plant. The analysis identifies three main categories of reasoning that guided the forest owners' decision-making process: short-term economic reasoning caused by the pressing situation they faced; an understanding of windstorms as natural catastrophes that are impossible to influence; and the uncertainties associated with alternative forest management practices. Furthermore, given their risk-averse strategy, their approach to understanding and coping with uncertainty was crucial in determining their responses. This paper concludes that the forest owners primarily employed experience-based, practical and embodied knowledge, implying that abstract risks and theoretical knowledge regarding future developments were not deemed relevant. An additional conclusion is that even if a huge storm felling shows the need to change forest management practice, it does not provide the most favourable social conditions for achieving change. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

Objective. Severity of acute pancreatitis (AP) can vary from a mild to a fulminant disease with high morbidity and mortality. Cost analysis has, however, hitherto been sparse. The aim of this study was to calculate the cost of acute pancreatitis, both including hospital costs and costs due to loss of production. Material and methods. All adult patients treated at Skane University Hospital, Lund, during 2009-2010, were included. A severity grading was conducted and cost analysis was performed on an individual basis. Results. Two hundred and fifty-two patients with altogether 307 admissions were identified. Mean age was 60 ± 19 years, and 121 patients (48%) were men. Severe AP (SAP) was diagnosed in 38 patients (12%). Thirteen patients (5%) died. Acute biliary pancreatitis was more costly than alcohol induced AP (p< 0.001). Total costs for treating mild AP (MAP) in patients <65 years old was lower (p = 0.001) and costs for SAP was higher (p = 0.024), as compared to older patients. The overall hospital cost and cost for loss of production was per person in mean €5,100 ± 2,400 for MAP and €28,200 ± 38,100 for SAP (p < 0.001). The costs for treating AP during the two-year-long study period were in mean €9,762 ± 19,778 per patient. Extrapolated to a national perspective, the annual financial burden for AP in Sweden would be ∼ €38,500,000; corresponding to €4,100,000 per million inhabitants. Conclusions. The costs of treating AP are high, especially in severe cases with a long ICU stay. These results highlight the need to optimize care and continue the identification and focus on SAP, in order to try to limit organ failure and infectious complications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this article, we introduce the concept of harmonic balls in sub-domains of ℝn, through a mean-value property for a subclass of harmonic functions on such domains. In the complex plane, and for analytic functions, a similar concept fails to exist due to the fact that analytic functions cannot have prescribed data on the boundary. Nevertheless, a two-phase version of the problem does exist, and gives rise to the generalization of the well-known Schwarz function to the case of a two-phase Schwarz function. Our primary goal is to derive simple properties for these problems, and tease the appetites of experts working on Schwarz function and related topics. Hopefully these two concepts will provoke further study of the topic. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The preconditions for psychoanalytic practice within the Swedish public welfare system are analyzed in this article. Psychoanalysis remains a one-to-one treatment and relies on the analyst's capacity to use his or her own subjective response. The development of the psychoanalytic process is dependent on unconscious reality, making it impossible to work with a model that has a strict relation between diagnosis, treatment method, and result. Objectivity and the desire to predict treatment outcomes characterize the immanent logic in the complex system of laws and recommendations that affects most practices within the field of medicine. As a consequence of this development, psychoanalysis and psychodynamic therapy are marginalized, since our treatment methods are not adapted to the present industrialization and economization of the medical health sector, with the result that the preconditions for psychoanalytic training have changed dramatically. The exclusion of psychoanalysis from the national health insurance scheme is a demanding challenge at a time when the Swedish welfare model is undergoing fundamental changes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An introduction to the journal is presented in which the editors discuss various reports published within the issue including one by Giuseppe D'Agostino on the role of analytic listening in the treatment of patients to whom trauma is dissociated and unsymbolized, one by Oren Gozlan on gender integration and the psychological aspect of sex reassignment, and one by Macedo and colleagues on the application of psychoanalytic thinking and listening among adolescent patients who attempted suicide.

The present clinical trial examined the influence of a supplement, containing a combination of antioxidants extracted from fruit, berries and vegetables, on levels of plasma antioxidants (tocopherols, carotenoids and ascorbate), glycaemic control (blood glucose, HbA1c, insulin), oxidative stress biomarkers (F2-isoprostane, malondialdehyd, nitrotyrosine, 8-oxo-7, 8-dihydro-2′-deoxyguanosine, formamidopyrimidine glycosylase sites, frequency of micronucleated erythrocytes) and inflammatory markers (interleukin-6, C-reactive protein, prostaglandin F2α-metabolite) in type 2 diabetes. Forty subjects were randomly assigned to control, single or double dose group and completed the study. In summary, 12 weeks of antioxidant supplementation did neither affect glycaemic control nor the levels of biomarkers of oxidative stress or inflammation, despite substantially increased plasma concentrations of antioxidants. The absence of an effect may be explained by the selected study subjects with relatively well-controlled diabetes, a high intake of fruit and vegetable and levels of plasma antioxidants, biomarkers of oxidative stress and inflammatory markers comparable to those found in healthy subjects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Global warming - reality or fantasy? Certainly, global warming is a dystopia linked to other catastrophes in human history, such as the Flood and Noah's Ark. Noah's belief in God saved his life and the life of his family. In our time, we need to sustain our belief in the human capacity to cooperate and survive. This is a necessary background when thinking of the future and analysing the border between fantasy and reality, between fear and paranoia, and in the process in which a new worldview takes form. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The effect of antioxidant supplementation on biomarkers of oxidative stress was investigated in a 6-week intervention study in 60 overweight men. The supplement contained a combination of antioxidants aiming to correspond to the antioxidant content found in a diet rich in fruit and vegetables. Placebo, single or double dose of antioxidants was provided to the subjects. Metabolic variables, plasma antioxidants and biomarkers of oxidative stress (lipid peroxidation and DNA damage) were measured. No effect of supplementation on biomarkers of oxidative stress was observed. Both intervention groups showed substantial increases of plasma antioxidants. This study demonstrated that supplementation with a combination of antioxidants did not affect lipid peroxidation and DNA damage in overweight men, despite increased concentrations of plasma antioxidants. The absence of antioxidant supplement effect might possibly be explained by the chosen study group having a normal level of oxidative stress, duration of the intervention and/or doses of antioxidants. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article discusses various reports published within the issue, including "Dramatology in life, disorders, and psychoanalytic therapy," by Zvi Lothane, "Interpretive acting-out: Unavoidable and sometimes useful," by Robert Waska, and "Sarah and the camps: Case history, metapsychology, and countertransference," by Luiz Eduardo Prado de Oliveira.

Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDE) are a class of brominated flame retardants with some congeners having the ability to accumulate in body lipids. The incorporation of PBDE in consumer products found primarily in the indoor environment suggests that routes of exposure include inhalation of indoor air and contact with indoor dust. The purpose of this study was to test the hypothesis that lifestyle factors, and in particular the proximity and use of products likely to contain PBDE in the indoor environment, are primarily responsible for levels of PBDE found in human milk. Human milk samples were taken from two populations of lactating women in the same geographic region of the United States: one “typical” of US suburban lifestyle, and the other practicing a traditional Amish lifestyle, which excludes many modern amenities containing PBDE, such as computers and televisions. For a subset of the cohort, persistent organic pesticides and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCB) were also measured in human milk samples. Despite the small number of participants, there is evidence suggestive of Amish women having lower PBDE concentrations in their milk. In addition, the nonsignificant differences in levels of PCBs and pesticides between the two groups of women as compared to the significant differences in levels of PBDE suggest an important route of exposure for PBDE other than diet. Information prepared for study participants is provided to initiate a dialogue on how to best communicate biomonitoring findings to study participants and to the public in general. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective. This article reviews the first 4 years of operation of the National Penile Cancer Register (NPECR) in Sweden. The register was set up to gain knowledge about the incidence and primary treatment of penile cancer, including the use of and the frequency of lymph node dissection. The register elicits treatment disparities between regions, and aims to determine the impact of clinical practice guidelines introduced in Sweden. Material and methods. All patients newly diagnosed with penile cancer after the year 2000 have been registered in the NPECR. A total of 454 patients were registered in the period 2000-2003. Results. Registrations in the NPECR were almost complete, with 98.7% of cases registered in the National Cancer Register also being registered in the NPECR. At least 145 clinicians reported to the register. The annual incidence of penile cancer is 2.2/100 000 men. Squamous cell carcinoma accounts for 95% of the cases. The mean age at diagnosis was 65.5 years. Most tumours were classified as Tis, T1 or T2, each class representing 25-30% of the total number of diagnosed cases. Penis-preserving treatment was performed in 58% of the patients (Table I). The number of patients classified as ≥T1/G2-G3 was 206, and 101 of these patients (49%) underwent inguinal lymphadenectomy. Conclusions. We have introduced a population-based register in Sweden with almost complete registration, and this offers unique possibilities for further studies of both epidemiological and clinical aspects of penile cancer. The results obtained to date indicate that the primary treatment is done in many settings and that guidelines, e.g. to dissect lymph nodes, are not always followed. Table I.Primary treatment of 454 patients with penile cancer in the NPECR in Sweden 2000-2003. Primary treatment n (%) Local excision 161 (35) Local excision and laser therapy 28 (6) Laser therapy 40 (9) Partial amputation 106 (23) Total amputation 38 (8) Radio- or chemotherapy 7 (2) Other 28 (6) No therapy 5 (1) No data 41 (9) Total 454 (100) [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The growing ill-health in Sweden is related to the crisis of the welfare state and to globalization and the expansion of a new virtual reality affecting the conceptualization of time and space, as well as to wider areas of human interaction, thinking, and ethical judgment. Fear and anxiety are emotional states of mind that have widespread effects on an individual level as well as on the whole of society. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We give a definition of a mother body of a domain in the complex plane, and prove some continuity properties of its potential in terms of the Schwarz function (which is explicitly assumed to exist). We end the article by studying the case of the ellipse, and use the previous results to prove existence and uniqueness of a mother body in this case, as well as a related existence result about graviequivalent measures for the ellipse. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article presents an interview with Jan Stensson, who is retiring from his long career as a psychoanalyst. Topics discussed include: the reason why he chose to work as an analyst; the number of patients he has treated during his career; the effect on the profession of the current trend of analysts to start practicing in their forties; and his own brand of psychoanalytic listening.

Psychoanalysis is questioned in the public debate and in the managed care system. The Swedish experience of negotiating with representatives of the public welfare system clarifies how important it is to have a wide network. The author argues that there is great risk that psychoanalysis will sink back into the private sphere if psychoanalysts cannot accept a third party to support the treatment situation. Were this to be our future, the choice of becoming a psychoanalyst would be more a choice of vocation than a choice of a profession. This line of thought related to the first medical revolution is the introduction of scientific medicine within a socio-economic context in which the main part of medical care is organized in a private setting. Sigmund Freud's consulting room was firmly situated within the private sphere. Although through his entire life he struggled to get psychoanalysis officially recognized, and thereby strived to place it within the public sphere, the original concept of psychoanalytical treatment was related to the family as a unit of production. Within this unit, Freud invented the analytical setting. The second medical revolution is the introduction of a general social security system of welfare including the main part of medical-health care. In Sweden, as in many Western welfare societies, psychoanalysis was included in public insurance systems. The third medical revolution is the introduction of methods for assessment and accountability, with the consequence that the main part of the medical health sector is organized by managed care methods. These methods question whether or not psychoanalysis should be included in public welfare systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Starting with Castel's description of the network society the author examines the disintegration of the patriarchal family, A process that is dependent on the diversification of family types, the increasing amount of women in working life and the feminist movement. The changes in ideology and in the means of production influence the development of individuals. This is discussed with respect to Erikson's epigenetic diagram and Fromm's theory of a social character. These social processes also effect psychoanalytical theory especially how we understand female sexuality and perversions or neoesexuality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Four-day-old chicken embryos were exposed to extremely low frequency (ELF) magnetic fields (MF) prior to UV exposure (75 min, predominantly UV-C, 0.4 mW/cm2) to investigate possible MF-mediated protection against lethal effects of UV. The UV exposure typically resulted in a 20% survival rate (as judged by beating hearts) in sham-exposed embryos 3 h postexposure. In contrast, exposure to a 50 (10, 50, or 100 µT) or 60 Hz (10 µT) vertical MF caused a significant increase in survival rate, observed only 30 min after UV exposure. No difference in protection levels was seen between these exposure intensities. A horizontal 50 Hz MF (10, 50, or 100 µT) did not result in the general protection against UV-induced death observed for vertical fields, suggesting that the size of the induced electric field (which differs between horizontal and vertical exposure) is important for the MF-induced protection. To explore the molecular mechanisms involved in this effect, immunoblotting experiments with an antibody against the inducible form of hsp70 were performed. These showed that application of MF (50 Hz, 200 µT, 1 h) induced hsp70 expression in human K562 cells. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Obstacles for development are discussed with Eugene O'Neills play "A moon for the misbegotten as starting point" and with special reference to banter, fear and suspicion The dead mother is used to understand the characters as well as the oidipal situation and the fear of the stranger. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Presents a psychoanalytic interpretation of the film "Talk to Her." Contemplation of masculinity and femininity in the film; Development of the male-female theme; Analysis of the character of Benigno.