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The essential oil of 28 ginger genotypes was subjected to gas chromatography–mass spectrometry to understand the potential of these genotypes to produce high essential oil with added value. The essential oil and its composition varied among genotypes. The highest essential oil and oleoresin (6.00 and 12.18 %) was recorded in 'Red ginger' (Z ingiberofficinale var. rubrum). Among the ginger (Z. officinale) genotypes, high oil and oleoresin (3.00 and 8.55 %) were recorded in 'Arunachal local'. The genotypes 'Acc. 578ʹ, 'Nadia' and 'Aswathi' recorded less fiber and 'Red ginger', 'Acc. 219ʹ, 'Arunachal local' and 'Acc. 833ʹ recorded high fibre. The Zingiberene was the major component in the essential oil and highest was recorded in 'Maran'. Principal component analysis revealed essential oil, oleoresin, camphene, trans-nerolidol, α farnesene and neral contributed to genetic diversity. The results contribute to the selection of ginger genotypes for high essential oil and different end use. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Mosquitoes are major vectors for the transmission of many diseases like chikungunya, malaria, dengue, zika, etc. worldwide. In the present study, selenium nanoparticles (SeNPs) were synthesized fromClausena dentataand were tested for their larvicidal efficacy against the fourth-instar larvae ofAnopheles stephensi,Aedes Aegypti, andCulex quinquefasciatus. The synthesized nanoparticles were characterized using UV-Vis spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared Radiation (FTIR) spectroscopy, EDaX, and SEM. The results recorded from UV-Vis spectroscopy show the peak absorption spectrum at 420 nm. In FTIR, the maximum peak value is 2922.25 cm−1assigned to N-H group (amide group). In EDaX analysis shows peak around 72.64 which confirm the binding intensity of selenium. In SEM analysis, the synthesized SeNPs sizes were ranging from 46.32 nm to 78.88 nm. The synthesized SeNPs produced high mortality with very low concentration (LC50) were 240.714 mg/L; 104.13 mg/L, and 99.602 mg/L forA. stephensi,A. Aegypti, andC. quinquefasciatus, respectively. These results suggest that theC. dentataleaf extract-mediated biosynthesis of SeNPs has the potential to be used as an ideal ecofriendly approach toward the control of mosquito vectors at early stages. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

In this work, we designed an amperometric catechol biosensor based on α-Fe2O3nanocrystals (NCs) incorporated carbon-paste electrode. Laccase enzyme is then assembled onto the modified electrode surface to form a nanobiocomposite enhancing the electron transfer reactions at the enzyme’s active metal centers for catechol oxidation. The biosensor gave good sensitivity with a linear detection response in the range of 8–800 μM with limit of detection 4.28 μM. We successfully employed the sensor for real water sample analysis. The results illustrate that the metal oxide NCs have enormous potential in the construction of biosensors for sensitive determination of phenol derivatives. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Plant breeders are often confronted with the task of selecting suitable parents for making crosses to maximize the probability of isolating desirable pure-lines in predominantly self-fertilizing species, such as dolichos bean. General combining ability (GCA) is one of the widely accepted measures for choosing parents for crosses. However, the choice of suitable testers to discriminate among breeding lines for GCA has been a debatable issue in crop breeding. Comparative ability of high yielding testers (HYT) and low yielding testers (LYT) to discriminate among advanced breeding lines for GCA in dolichos bean was investigated using two criteria: (1) range of GCA and (2) contribution of lines towards total variance of test-cross progenies. The range of estimated GCA effects of lines was wider when tested against LYT than when tested against HYT. The greater contribution of lines to the variance of crosses derived from LYT than those derived from HYT suggested better ability of LYT than HYT to discriminate among lines for GCA. Based on GCA effects, significant differences existed in the ability of HYT and LYT to discriminate among lines for their GCA effects and favored the use of LYT for studies designed to evaluate the breeding lines for their GCA effects in dolichos bean. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

The choice of suitable selection strategy for genetic improvement of any crop species hinges on the relative contribution of additive and non-additive components of genotypic variation of economic traits. Simplified triple test cross (STTC) design was used to detect epistasis and assess epistasis-driven bias in the estimates of additive (σ2A) and dominance (σ2D) components of genotypic variation of economic traits in Dolichos bean. The material for the study consisted of 12 genetically diverse inbred lines and two pairs of testers contrasting for economic traits. The 12 inbred lines were crossed to two pairs of testers in 2012 rainy season to generate two sets of STTC progenies, which were evaluated in 2013 and 2014 rainy season at the University of Agricultural Sciences, Bengaluru, India. The results indicated an important role of epistasis in inheritance of all the traits in Dolichos bean. While σ2Apredominated in the inheritance of racemes/ plant, σ2Dpredominated in the inheritance of pod weight/plant. Only σ2Awas important in the inheritance of days to flowering and seed weight/plant. The 12 inbred lines used in the study contributed significantly to varying extent to epistasis governing different traits in both sets of STTC progenies in both years. The bias in the estimates of σ2Awas greater than that in the estimates of σ2D. Therefore, it is not advisable to ignore epistasis in studies designed for determining the relative magnitude of σ2Aand σ2Dcontrolling target traits in Dolichos bean. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]