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This research centers on an empirical exploration of the athlete’s experience grounded in Merleau-Ponty’s Body Phenomenology. Employing a phenomenological analysis, the study illuminates the agency of the body-subject and the profound significance of world-construction through embodiment in athletic situations. By delving into the lived experiences of athletes, this investigation unveils the dynamic interplay between the athlete’s body, subjective agency and the perceptual construction of the sporting environment. The recognition of the agency of the body-subject and the active role of the body schema provides a nuanced perspective on the phenomenology of athletic performance. Insights gleaned from this study contribute to a deeper understanding of the intricate relationship between the athlete, their embodied experiences and the constructed world of sports. The implications extend to sports training methodologies, emphasizing the importance of holistic approaches that consider the athlete as an embodied and perceiving subject. And the same time, this research enhances our comprehension of the philosophical foundations underlying the athlete’s engagement with the sporting world. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

AbstractIn recent decades, heavy metal ions have emerged as a significant global environmental concern, posing threats to the delicate balance of ecosystems worldwide. Their introduction into ecosystems occurs through various activities and poses a serious risk to human health. Among heavy metal ions, Cd2+ is recognized as a highly toxic pollutant. Its widespread use contributes to its accumulation in the environment. Chronic exposure to Cd2+ ions present serious risks to both the environment and human health. Therefore, the detection of these metal ions are very important. Organic fluorometric and colorimetric detection have emerged as promising tools for this purpose, offering advantages such as high sensitivity, selectivity, and sometimes reversibility. This review offers a comprehensive overview of the recent advancements in the fluorometric and colorimetric detection of Cd2+ using organic chemosensors from 2019 to 2024. We delve into key aspects of these studies, including the design strategies employed to design novel chemosensors and the underlying sensing mechanisms. Furthermore, we explore the diverse applications of these organic chemosensors, ranging from environmental monitoring to biomedical diagnostics. By analyzing the latest research findings, this review aims to offer insights into the current state-of-the-art in the field of Cd2+ detection using organic chemosensors. Additionally, it highlights the potential opportunities and challenges that lie ahead, paving the way for future advancements in this important area of research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

1. Ponesimod is a selective modulator of the sphingosine 1-phosphate receptor 1 (S1P1) approved for the treatment of active relapsing forms of multiple sclerosis. The chemical structure of ponesimod contains a glycerol side chain which is the major target of drug metabolism in humans. 2. The two major metabolic pathways give the acids M12 (-OCH2CH(OH)COOH) and M13 (-OCH2COOH). While the former results from oxidation of the terminal alcohol, the mechanism yielding the chain-shortened acid M13 is less obvious. A detailed mechanistic study with human liver microsomes and hepatocytes using ponesimod, M12 and some of the suspected intermediates revealed an unexpectedly complex pattern of enzyme-mediated and chemical reactions. 3. Metabolic pathways for both acids were not independent and several of the transformations were reversible, depending on reaction conditions. Formation of M13 occurred either via initial oxidation of the secondary alcohol, or as a downstream process starting from M12. 4. The phenol metabolite M32 was produced as part of several pathways. Control experiments at various pH values and in the absence of metabolising enzymes support the conclusion that its formation resulted from chemical degradation rather than from metabolic processes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Halochromic cotton fabrics were fabricated based on a layer-by-layer technique. The formation of multiple layers from polyelectrolytes with opposite charges was confirmed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy. UV-vis spectroscopy and color analysis revealed that the obtained fabrics produce a clear and rapid color response. The color change is reversible, and the switching process can be repeated 10 times. It was also found that dyes located in the surface layers were more likely to leach when immersed in NaCl solutions. Due to its efficiency and simplicity, this halochromic cotton fabric could be utilized as a naked-eye sensing label or test strip to monitor pH. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the occasion of the exhibition Fatti come nuovi (20 October 1985–12 January 1986), where the most prominent artworks of the Poldi Pezzoli Museum in Milan were shown after restoration, a multidisciplinary project was launched between the Museum and the Italian Montedison group. This project aimed at evaluating several conservation products used at the time in ceramic and glass conservation, such as adhesives and retouching varnishes. In the frame of the project, two-component epoxy adhesives (Plastogen® EP, HXTAL NYL-1), acrylates (Paraloid® B-72, Plastogen® G), vinyl acetate dispersions (Vinavil®, Arkolyn), a polyester resin and cellulose nitrate adhesives (HMG, AGO® Goldsiegel) were studied in terms of their mechanical properties and colour change upon artificial ageing by UV-VIS radiation. Since then, the samples were kept in the dark. Almost 30 years later, the samples have been re-evaluated for changes in solubility and colour upon natural ageing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

At present, aqueous all-iron flow batteries have become one of the most potentials flow batteries system due to their low cost and environmental-friendly operation. However, the battery performance and cycle-life will to a great extent be limited by the electrolytes, which are mainly influenced by temperature, electrolyte concentration, and electrolyte additives. Herein, we repeatedly conducted the electrochemical tests on catholyte and anolyte in varied temperatures and electrolyte concentrations. Based on the analyses, it is proved that the electrolyte of an all-iron flow battery is suitable for high-temperature conditions. By comparing the electrochemical performance of anolyte and anolyte with citrate, the citrate is proved to be an effective additive in solving the problem of anolyte reversibility. This work can guide the conditional design of all-iron flow battery energy storage devices, and meanwhile, the solution is proposed to enhance the anolyte reversibility of the all-iron flow battery. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Gram-negative bacterium Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection is lifelong and usually acquired in childhood, which is etiologically linked to gastric cancer (GC). H. pylori gastritis is defined as an infectious disease with varying severity in virtually all infected subjects. Chronic atrophic gastritis (CAG) is the precancerous condition with the decrease or the loss of gastric glands, which can further be replaced by metaplasia or fibrosis. Patients with advanced stages of CAG are at higher risk of GC and should be followed up with a high-quality endoscopy every 3 years. H. pylori infection is the most common cause and its eradication is recommended, which may contribute to the regression of CAG. However, it is controversial whether CAG is reversible after eradication therapy. In the review, we discuss recent studies which provide important insights into whether CAG is 'reversibility' and when it may progress into GC after eradicating H. pylori. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We describe in detail how the symmetries of equivariance and reversibility induce corresponding properties for the stable and unstable invariant manifolds and for the stable and unstable foliations for any sufficiently small Lipschitz perturbation of a linear hyperbolic dynamics. This requires establishing first a faithful correspondence between the reversibility and equivariance properties of the original dynamics and corresponding properties for its evolution map. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Although the assessment of a bronchodilator response (BDR) is a routine and important procedure when performing lung function tests, comparisons between spirometric and oscillometric BDRs in asthmatic children living at high altitude have not been previously reported. The aim of the present study was to compare spirometric and oscillometric BDRs in children living at high altitude, and to identify independent predictors of spirometric and oscillometric BDRs. Between January and December, 2015, asthmatic children aged between 5 and 17 years old performed impulse oscillometry (IOS) and spirometry during the same visit before and after albuterol administration. The data were analyzed, and children were classified into those positive for oscillometric BDR only, those positive for spirometric BDR only, those positive for both BDRs, and those negative for both BDRs. Ninety-three asthmatic children (56 boys, 37 girls), with a median (IQR) age of 11 (8-13) years, made up the study population. Among the total of 93 participants, 13 (14.0%), 4 (4.3%), 0 (0%), and 76 (81.7%) were positive for spirometric BDR only, positive for oscillometric BDR only, positive for both BDRs, and negative for both BDRs, respectively. Age and baseline lung function were identified as significant predictors of positive spirometric BDR. The present study shows poor concordance between positive spirometric and oscillometric BDRs, with a greater proportion of patients with a spirometric BDR when compared to those with positive oscillometric BDR. Additionally, age and baseline lung function are useful for predicting spirometric BDR results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Many great cultures of the world have recognised the impossibility of teaching. Governments in various colonial countries continue to spend huge sums of money on 'closing the gap' in Indigenous education, yet national assessment figures would support the claim that teaching is indeed an impossibility. This paper draws on some of Biesta's recent theorisation to highlight the double impossibility of teaching in Indigenous education. While representation and miscommunication surely make teaching an impossible profession, I nevertheless return to the question, what is possible in education? I apply the more recent work of Butler to highlight how vulnerability can allow us to hear the story of others. Vulnerability allows us into the lives of others, and to recognise that they are already implicated in ours, noting that certain bonds are actually shaped through the reversibility of the story. I examine a presentation to teacher education students on the Stolen Generations as a means of understanding how the role of power in constituting body vulnerability can be leveraged in the curriculum beyond the discourse of independent and self-motivated learning. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Hegel, Engels and Marx knew that a quantitative reduction or increase of an entity can lead to a change in its nature (quality). The theorisation of this process has made almost no progress since the late nineteenth century. In the present essay we attempt to rethink and refine the notion of a Quantity-Quality-Transition (QQT). Aspects discussed include: the mediation between quantity and quality through 'measure'; the different types of QQT; the (ir)reversibility of QQTs; the stratification of reality (properties that pop-up only at a certain level of complication); transitional phases within QQTs; and whether QQTs are lawful processes or not. We conclude that QQT is an 'umbrella' notion which encompasses many variations and can only be understood by delineating the intricate interplay of multiple (non-linearly interpenetrating) levels of processes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The change in forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1) in response to a bronchodilator (ΔFEV1) is a diagnostic tool. Moreover, bronchodilation testing may give clinically relevant outcomes beyond diagnostic purposes. The present study aimed, therefore, to investigate the nationwide role of bronchodilation testing in daily practice. The study included 280 subjects, 202 (72.1%) males and 78 (27.9%) females; the mean age was 11.6 years. Notably, 67 (24%) children had bronchial reversibility (BDR). Age, initial FEV1, FEV1/FVC, and FVC were significantly associated with BDR (OR 1.16, 1.66, 0.71, and 0.67, respectively). Interestingly, 39 (58.2%) children with BDR had no bronchial obstruction. In conclusion, the BDR is usually associated with low values of the lung function parameters, even if within the normal ranges. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper presents the design to construction process of an ultra-lightweight hybrid temporary structure consisting of a combination of bending-active glass fiber-reinforced polymers arches, a restraining system made of stainless steel cables, and a translucent membrane envelope. After a brief introduction to the basic design concepts and versatility of the modular system to create different shapes, the paper focuses on the fast-track erection procedure that enables to build the pavilion in a very short time. A multi-disciplinary team had collaborated at the design development of the temporary pavilion, built with the aim of deepening a wide range of aspects that are peculiar to temporary architecture. The aim of the second design-to-construction loop, following the first loop which resulted in the construction of the first full-scale prototype, is two-fold: firstly to optimize the innovative mix of lightweight structural components with the aim of reducing the total weight of the building (and thus facilitate transport and installation), and secondly to test the technical details designed to favor reversibility and to ensure the re-usability of the structure for multiple cycles of use. The paper concludes by showing the results achieved and the lesson learned from the first construction of the temporary pavilion in occasion of a one-week event and anticipating the further studies regarding the interface between structure and membrane envelope, also in relation to the building expected life-span and requirements. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Expander is the most important component for Organic Rankine Cycle (ORC) especially to convert low-temperature heat to power in remote areas. However, most of developing countries are still far from capability in fabricating the required expander. Thermodynamically, the expander’s function can be obtained by reversing the operation of the compressor. The purpose of this study is to test the performance of a compressor reversed expander and to study its thermodynamic reversibility. The compression cycle and the expansion cycle were performed by using a scroll-type compressor, and the working fluid used for the performance test was R134a. Based on the test results, it was found that the pressure ratio, in terms of maximum-to-minimum ratio, increased in line with the increase of the evaporator temperature both in the compression and expansion cycle. The average isentropic efficiency of the expansion cycle was 77.66%, with an entropy generation rate of 0.06 W/K. It was relatively higher than that of the compression cycle, which was 30.34% of average isentropic efficiency with 1.11 W/K of entropy production rate. The results showed that the scroll-type compressor reversed expander can be used for ORC process with considerable effectiveness. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We conducted a genome-wide association study of blood DNA methylation and smoking, attempted replication of previously discovered associations, and assessed the reversibility of smoking-associated methylation changes. DNA methylation was measured in baseline peripheral blood samples for 5,044 participants in the Melbourne Collaborative Cohort Study. For 1,032 participants, these measures were repeated using blood samples collected at follow-up, a median of 11 years later. A cross-sectional analysis of the association between smoking and DNA methylation and a longitudinal analysis of changes in smoking status and changes in DNA methylation were conducted. We used our cross-sectional analysis to replicate previously reported associations for current (N = 3,327) and former (N = 172) smoking. A comprehensive smoking index accounting for the biological half-life of smoking compounds and several aspects of smoking history was constructed to assess the reversibility of smoking-induced methylation changes. This measure of lifetime exposure to smoking allowed us to detect more associations than comparing current with never smokers. We identified 4,496 cross-sectional associations at P < 10−7, including 3,296 annotated to 1,326 genes that were not previously implicated in smoking-associated DNA methylation changes at this significance threshold. We replicated the majority of previously reported associations (P < 10−7) for current and former smokers. In our data, we observed for former smokers a substantial degree of return to the methylation levels of never smokers, compared with current smokers (median: 74%, IQR = 63-86%), corresponding to small values (median: 2.75, IQR = 1.5–5.25) for the half-life parameter of the comprehensive smoking index. Longitudinal analyses identified 368 sites at which methylation changed upon smoking cessation. Our study demonstrates the usefulness of the comprehensive smoking index to detect associations between smoking and DNA methylation at CpGs across the genome, replicates the vast majority of previously reported associations, and quantifies the reversibility of smoking-induced methylation changes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Reversible axial flow fans, used in tunnel ventilation systems are designed in a way that as the direction of impeller rotation changes, suction and discharge directions change without any sensible change in flow rate and pressure. Also, their reversibility must be higher than 90%. Therefore, the blade profiles of these fans (S-shaped or elliptic) are designed symmetrically. In the current work, a reversible axial flow fan was studied experimentally and numerically in various ambient conditions and blade positions. Additionally, the experimental test of the fan was performed according to the AMCA-210 standard. Comparison of simulation and experimental results indicated the acceptable agreement of simulation results with experimental findings. The main achievement is that each blade can be studied before fabrication. Hence, the performance curves of designed fans can be predicted with reasonable accuracy without the substantial cost of fabrication and testing, which can be highly beneficial for fan manufacturers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this work, a series of polymeric materials were prepared with different content of UV absorber 2-(2′-hydroxy-3′,5′-di-tert-butylphenyl)-5-chloro-benzotriazole (UV-327). The paper-based relics protective properties of the UV-5 coating were evaluated by anti-pollution ability, dry heat and UV accelerated aging tests. The anti-pollution experiment results showed that the water and oil drops on the paper sample could be wiped directly and UV-5 coating could prevent water and oil from penetrating into the paper interior. Furthermore, the reversible test indicated that the protective coating could be directly removed with ethyl acetate and paper sample had little change after removing the coating. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The major disruptive seismic events that have hit Italy in recent years (2009, 2012 and 2016) have started a disciplinary debate regarding the need to tighten up requirements for structural strengthening of structures in historic buildings, in order to avoid the loss of human lives and heritage. The preservation of materials resulting from an increased level of performance would positively affect structural systems, as well as the preservation of historic and cultural values and their transmission to future generations. This article explores the relationship between cultural sustainability and the structural rehabilitation of historic architectures, two key aspects contributing to the achievement of a wider sustainability goal during the restoration and renovation process of historic buildings. The contribution explores how GBC Historic Building®, the first and only rating system assessing and certifying the sustainability level of restoration, rehabilitation, and adaptation of historic constructions, addresses the topics of structural tests and monitoring, as well as reversibility and structural compatibility. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present study describes the synthesis of a series of 22 chalcone analogs. These compounds were evaluated as potential human MAO-A and MAO-B inhibitors. The compounds showed varied selectivity against the two isoforms. The IC50 values were found to be in the micromolar to submicromolar range. The Ki values of compound 16 were determined to be 0.047 and 0.020 μM for the inhibition of MAO-A and MAO-B, respectively. Dialysis of enzyme-inhibitor mixtures indicated a reversible competitive mode of inhibition. Most of the synthesized chalcone analogs showed a better selectivity toward MAO-B. However, introducing of 2,4,6-trimethoxy substituents on ring B shifted the selectivity toward MAO-A. In addition, we investigated the molecular mechanism of MAO-B inhibition by selected chalcone analogs. Our results revealed that these selected chalcone analogs increased dopamine levels in the rat hepatoma (H4IIE) cells and decreased the relative mRNA expression of the MAO-B enzyme. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Building on the seminal work of Gromov on endomorphisms of symbolic algebraic varieties, we introduce a notion of cellular automata over schemes which generalize affine algebraic cellular automata previously introduced by the first two named authors. We extend known results to this more general setting. We also establish several new ones regarding the closed image property, surjunctivity, reversibility, and invertibility for cellular automata over algebraic varieties with coefficients in an algebraically closed field. As a byproduct, we obtain a negative answer to a question previously raised by the first two named authors on the existence of a bijective complex affine algebraic cellular automaton whose inverse is not algebraic. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Thermoplastic vulcanizates (TPVs) of ethylene-acrylic acid copolymer (EAA)/chloroprene rubber (CR) were prepared by dynamic vulcanization, and the mechanical properties, microstructure, Mullins effect and reversible responses of the prepared EAA/CR TPVs were investigated systematically under the compression mode. Experimental results showed that the EAA/CR TPV with 40/60 weight ratio had the excellent mechanical properties. The crosslinked CR particles with average diameter of 3 ~ 6 µm were dispersed evenly in the etched surface of EAA/CR TPV. Mullins effect could be observed in the stress–strain curves of TPVs during the uniaxial loading–unloading cycles. Compared with the EAA/CR TPV with 30/70 weight ratio, the EAA/CR TPV with 40/60 weight ratio had the relatively larger maximum stress, residual deformation, internal friction loss, degree of stress softening effect and tanδ value at specific strain. Meanwhile, the reversibility of the Mullins effect showed a temperature-dependent feature and was enhanced with increasing heat treatment temperature. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We show that any neighbourhood of a non-degenerate reversible bifocal homoclinic orbit contains chaotic suspended invariant sets on N-symbols for all. This will be achieved by showing switching associated with networks of secondary homoclinic orbits. We also prove the existence of super-homoclinic orbits (trajectories homoclinic to a network of homoclinic orbits), whose presence leads to a particularly rich structure. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Bronchodilator reversibility occurs in patients with COPD. Pooled analysis of two 12-week, placebo-controlled randomised studies (FLIGHT1 [NCT01727141]; FLIGHT2 [NCT01712516]) assessed the effect of bronchodilator reversibility on lung function, patient-reported outcomes, and safety in 2,043 patients with moderate-to-severe COPD treated with indacaterol/glycopyrrolate (IND/GLY) 27.5/15.6 µg twice daily. Reversibility was defined as post-bronchodilator increase in forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1) of ≥12% and ≥0.200 L. Overall, mean reversibility (mean post-bronchodilator FEV1 increase) was 22.8%, and 54.5% of patients met reversibility criteria. IND/GLY resulted in significant (p < 0.05) placebo-adjusted improvements from baseline at Week 12 in reversible and non-reversible patients in FEV1 area under the curve from 0 to 12 hours (0.308 L and 0.170 L, respectively), trough FEV1 (0.260 L and 0.174 L), St. George's Respiratory Questionnaire total score (−6.3 and –3.5), COPD Assessment Test total score (−2.3 and –1.2), daily rescue medication use (−1.52 and −0.79), and daily total symptom score (−0.86 and –0.63); Transition Dyspnoea Index focal score also showed improvements (1.93 and 1.29) at Week 12, irrespective of reversibility status. Improvements in lung function and rescue medication use were significantly (p < 0.05) greater in IND/GLY patients in the reversible subgroup compared with the non-reversible subgroup. The safety profile was similar across treatment groups and reversibility subgroups. Overall, treatment with IND/GLY led to significant improvements in lung function and PROs in patients with moderate-to-severe COPD, regardless of reversibility status, with greater improvements in the reversible subgroup. Safety profile was not affected by reversibility status. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A novel rhodamine-based probe (RP1) was synthesized and characterized as a colorimetric chemosensor with high selectivity and sensitivity in biological systems toward Cu2+ over other cations tested. RP1 showed low detection limit for copper. The binding between RP1 and Cu2+ was confirmed to be stoichiometric. The recognition process was reversible. We also performed the density functional theory (DFT) calculation to have more understanding of structure, molecular and electronic. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A novel rhodamine-based probe (RP1) was synthesized and characterized as a colorimetric chemosensor with high selectivity and sensitivity in biological systems toward Cu2+ over other cations tested. RP1 showed low detection limit for copper. The binding between RP1 and Cu2+ was confirmed to be stoichiometric. The recognition process was reversible. We also performed the density functional theory (DFT) calculation to have more understanding of structure, molecular and electronic. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Mullins effect and its reversibility of ethylene–propylene–diene terpolymer/carbon black vulcanizate and polypropylene/ethylene–propylene–diene terpolymer thermoplastic vulcanizate under compression mode were investigated systematically. Morphology studies showed that sphere-like ethylene–propylene–diene terpolymer particles were dispersed evenly in the etched thermoplastic vulcanizate surface with diameter of 5–7 µm. The results showed that thermoplastic vulcanizate demonstrated characteristic features (hysteresis of energy, residual deformation accumulation, stress softening) of Mullins effect. Compared with that of ethylene–propylene–diene terpolymer/carbon black vulcanizate, the polypropylene/ethylene–propylene–diene terpolymer thermoplastic vulcanizate had much higher stress and its stress softening phenomenon was more obvious. The reversibility of Mullins effect showed a temperature-dependent feature and was enhanced with increasing temperature. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

Aggregation behavior of sulfonated phenol formaldehyde (SPF) resin in the presence of different valence salts and solution pH values was studied by measuring the change of dispersion turbidity with time. Electrophoretic mobility and hydrodynamic diameter of SPF resin aggregates were also measured under different salt conditions. Disaggregation behavior of SPF resin aggregates was characterized by manually shaking or ultrasound treatment. The result shows that that the size of SPF molecule aggregates and turbidity of the SPF resin dispersion were increased with the increase of Na+and Mg2+concentrations, and accordingly, the dispersion stability of SPF resin was decreased. The effect of Mg2+on SPF resin molecule aggregation was more sensitive than that of Na+as Mg2+has a stronger charge screening effect on the repulsive forces between SPF resin molecules. H+protonates –O−and –groups on SPF resin molecules, leading to a decrease of surface charge on the molecule; therefore the molecule aggregation was promoted and SPF resin dispersion stability was decreased. The reversibility of SPF resin aggregates was observed. The SPF resin aggregates could be disaggregated under ultrasound treatment. In addition, the disaggregated aggregates could recover to their original size at quiescent conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The chiasm is usually considered the key notion for Merleau-Ponty’s later philosophy. I argue against a common conclusion, namely that ‘the chiasm’ is equivalent to ‘reversibility’. Even when the two terms are not taken as interchangeable, the precise nature of their relation has not been adequately established. Focusing exclusively on ‘reversibility’ has implications for a range of philosophical issues, including relations between self and other. The danger of substituting one term for the other is that existential relations are construed as inversions, rather than as genuine exchanges. I examine two trajectories that can be discovered in ‘The Intertwining—The Chiasm’. The first is the inclusion of difference within a peculiar, extended sense of ‘reversibility’. The second is the development of a plurality of expressions, among which ‘reversibility’ is necessary but not sufficient. I go on to argue that Merleau-Ponty secures difference within the chiasm by supplementing the notion of reversibility with ‘imminence’, the idea that something has not yet occurred. I also propose that the figure of a threshold illuminates how the chiasm operates as a transition where both joining and differentiation occur. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

We relate progress in statistical mechanics, both at and far from equilibrium, to advances in the theory of dynamical systems. We consider computer simulations of time-reversible deterministic chaos insmallsystems with three- and four-dimensional phase spaces. These models provide us with a basis for understanding equilibration and thermodynamic irreversibility in terms of Lyapunov instability, fractal distributions and thermal constraints. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The refurbishment of twentieth-century buildings has given rise to lively discussions both at a national and international level over the past 20 years. Such discussions have suggested the opportunity of working on the aforesaid buildings, enhancing what they could afford from a cultural, economic and environmental point of view. Furthermore, underlining how the scope of viable restoration projects is getting wider and wider when compared with the ones targeting pre-industrial buildings. Restoring and refurbishment reinforced-concrete buildings require a different approach from brickwork ones, in order to take into account their different building features and structural behaviour. This has led to setting down specific working guidelines that anyway need to be supported by more adaptable project-related solutions allowing their refurbishment, even as regards their structural reversibility. The refurbishment of the former Excelsior Cinema (1926–30) in Milan presents the features of an operational experiment concerning finding project-related and technical solutions allowing a correct interface between new spaces and existing volumes, even as far as relevant refurbishment of the buildings is concerned. This has made a thorough analysis of the building even more necessary. Furthermore, an experiment has been made regarding a weight-bearing capital enabling the new structures to work together with the existing ones. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

Purpose: The aim was to evaluate the reversibility of the clinical and histological changes induced in the corneas of an animal model after removing an intracorneal ring segment (ICRS). Methods: Surgery for this study was performed in 38 eyes of an experimental animal model (Gallus domesticus) for ICRS surgery (Ferrara technique). The animals without complications were randomized to two groups; in all of them, 1 segment was implanted in each eye and later removed at different times (1 and 3 months after implantation). In each group, after explantation, corneas were processed at different times for histological analysis with hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) stain and electronic microscopy. The refractive state of the eyes was also measured. Results: In corneas without complications (88.23%), explantation was performed correctly. During the first few days, around the area where the ICRS was implanted we observed deposits of cells and a moderate degree of corneal opacity (haze). These signs decreased progressively without disappearing completely. Histologically, at 7 days, we observed hyperplasia and abnormal arrangement of collagen fibers. Later, these findings also decreased in both groups, albeit at a faster rate in group 1. Minimal changes were observed in electron microscopy up to the end of the study in both groups. Preoperative refractive state was achieved at 1 month after explantation in both groups. Conclusions: ICRS can safely be explanted from the cornea. Refractive reversibility was achieved at 1 month after explantation. However, the clinical and histological findings after ICRS explantation depend on the time from implantation to explantation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: Lung function tests have attracted interest for the diagnosis and follow-up of childhood asthma in recent years. For patients who cannot perform forced expiratory maneuvers, impulse oscillometry (IOS), performed during spontaneous breathing, may be an alternative tool.Methods: Thirty-five acute, 107 stable asthmatic and 103 healthy children who presented to our clinic performed IOS followed by spirometry before and after salbutamol inhalation. The mean baseline and reversibility of IOS and spirometry parameters were compared between the groups. Correlation analyses were undertaken within the asthmatics, and the healthy controls separately. To distinguish the three groups, the sensitivity and specificity of baseline and reversibility values of IOS and spirometry were computed. When spirometry was taken as the gold standard, the discriminating performance of IOS to detect the airway obstruction and reversibility was investigated.Results: The mean absolute values of Zrs, R5, R5−R20, X5, X10, X15, Fres, AX, and all spirometric parameters, and the mean reversibility values of R5, R10, Fres, AX and forced expiratory volume in one second were different between the groups and the highest area under curve values to discriminate the groups was obtained from area of reactance (AX) and ΔAX. Zrs, all resistance (including R5−R20) and reactance parameters, Fres and AX were correlated with at least one spirometric parameter. Spirometric reversibility was detected by ≤−22.34 and ≤−39.05 cut-off values of ΔR5 and ΔAX, respectively.Conclusions: IOS has shown a highly significant association with spirometric indices and reversibility testing. It may be a substitute for spirometry in children who fail to perform forced expiratory maneuvers. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

Despite the great advance in nano-filtration (NF) process development in various applications, its performance in water treatment is still impeded by the undesired fouling phenomenon, which is not yet fully understood nowadays. In this study, a comprehensive investigation on the fouling behavior, more specifically the combined fouling behavior with the presence of more than one type of foulant was carried out under various solution chemistries and feed hydraulic pressures. The interaction between the model organic foulant (alginate) and inorganic foulant (silica colloid) was systematically studied with nano-filtration membranes, with a more severe fouling observed in the combined fouling than individual foulants. However, the results also revealed that the commonly observed synergistic effect of combined fouling in the forward osmosis process was not present in the nano-filtration process. In addition, the solution chemistries (pH and calcium ions) and feed hydraulic pressure were also found to have certain influence on the combined fouling, especially the feed hydraulic pressure which exhibited a more pronounced impact on the flux decline than the other factors, thus in turn, affecting more on the reversibility of the membrane fouling. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present paper argues that Merleau-Ponty’s notion of Flesh/reversibility intellectually is significantly flawed, and leads phenomenology into something of a dead end. This is shown through the following strategy. First Merleau-Ponty’s account of originary perception and his critique of the reflective attitude are expounded. They are shown to culminate in rejection of the subject-object relation as an ontological fundamental in favour of a ‘hyper-reflective method’. A critique of Merleau-Ponty’s position is then offered. It argues that originary perception isnotlogically prior to reflective thought, and that Merleau-Ponty fails to do justice to the scope of the subject-object relation. Specifically, he overlooks the way in which the relation is the basis of our practical perceptual orientation. It is then shown how this relation actuallypervadesMerleau-Ponty’s own all-important ‘hyper-reflective’ alternative – the notion of ‘Flesh’. Possible counter-arguments are considered and refuted. The need for a post-analytic phenomenology is posited. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

□ For an irreducible continuous time Markov chain, we derive the distribution of the first passage time from a given state i to another given state j and the reversed passage time from j to i, each under the condition of no return to the starting point. When these two distributions are identical, we say that i and j are intime duality. We introduce a new condition calledpermuted balancethat generalizes the concept of reversibility and provides sufficient criteria, based on the structure of the transition graph of the Markov chain. Illustrative examples are provided. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

In this paper, we investigate how computing power of a space-bounded Turing machine (TM) is affected by reversibility and determinism. We show an irreversible deterministic TM (IDTM), and a reversible non-deterministic TM (RNTM) can be simulated by a reversible and deterministic TM (RDTM) that uses exactly the same numbers of storage tape symbols and storage tape squares. Thus, an RDTM has relatively high capability in spite of the constraints of reversibility and determinism. Here, we also discuss a space-bounded symmetric TM. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A lot of hindrances are seen in petroleum operation, production, and transportation as a results of factors that related to asphaltene precipitation. It has great importance to investigate the reversibility of asphaltene precipitation under changes of effective factors on thermodynamic conditions such as pressure, temperature, and composition. In the present work the reversibility of asphaltene precipitation under changes of pressure and temperature was investigated for two kind of Iranian heavy oil. The stability test shows these samples are located at unstable region in aspect of asphaltene precipitation. The experimental procedure includes two parts, (a) decreasing pressure from initial reservoir pressure to near saturation pressure and surveying asphaltene content hysteresis with redissolution process at reservoir temperature, and (b) investigation of precipitated asphaltene in both precipitation and redissolution processes at different temperature and reservoir pressure. At each step IP143 standard test was used to measure precipitated asphaltene. It was concluded that above bubble point pressure, asphaltene precipitation is nearly reversible with respect to pressure for both samples and it was partially reversible with respect to the temperature for sample A, and accordingly pressurizing is acceptable method for solving the problem in both heavy asphaltenic crude oil samples and increasing temperature is acceptable method for solving asphaltene problem in crude oil sample A. Also density measurement of flashed oil confirmed that there is a little hysteresis in asphaltene content during redissolution and precipitation processes. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

In this paper, we propose a reversible steganographic algorithm for compressed images. The algorithm firstly compresses the input image using block truncation coding. One binary map and two quantisation levels, called high and low levels, are then obtained for each block. Thereafter, we adopt a median edge detector to predict the high and low quantisation levels for neighbouring blocks. A secret message is then embedded into the predicted difference based on the difference expansion technique. Each block can be classified as embeddable and non-embeddable according to the order of two quantisation levels. Thus, the location map is unnecessary in our proposed algorithm. The experimental results show that our data-embedded compressed code can be the same file size compared with standard block truncation coding-compressed code. Our algorithm can also resist the RS steganalysis attack. Further, the embedding capacity can be varied according to the given embedding parameter. The feasibility of our proposed algorithm is validated by presenting comparisons with existing algorithms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the present study, the enhancing effect of 2-isopropyl-5-methylcyclohexyl heptanoate (M-HEP) on the percutaneous absorption of indomethacin (IM) was evaluated by the in vitro penetration experiments using the rat abdominal skin as a barrier. Partition experiment, attenuated total reflection-Fourier transform infrared (ATR-FTIR) spectrum and transepidermal water loss (TEWL), was employed to investigate the possible mechanisms of the action of M-HEP. Furthermore, the reversible effect of M-HEP on excised rat skin was also evaluated through in vitro permeation as a preliminary indicator of safety. The result of in vitro permeation experiment indicated that, 10% (w/w) M-HEP in combination with isopropyl palmitate (IPP) significantly increased ( p < 0.05), the cumulative amount of IM in comparison with the control group (IPP only). The partition coefficient of IM between the stratum corneum (SC) and enhancer solution was also greater than that between the SC and IPP. A blue shift in the ATR-FTIR spectra of SC after treatment with M-HEP solution was observed at the CH2 band, which indicating that M-HEP disrupted the intercellular lipid structure of the SC. In addition, both M-HEP/IPP and L-menthol (MT)/IPP improved the TEWL value of rat abdominal skin. After removal of M-HEP, the skin barrier function would be restored in 8 h. In conclusion, M-HEP could reversibly enhance the percutaneous absorption of IM by increasing the partitioning of IM into the SC from enhancer solution and disturbing the organized structure of SC lipids and the reversibility of M-HEP was better than MT. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As its title indicates, Hong Sang-soo's filmOn the Occasion of Remembering the Turning Gate(Saeng-hwal-eui Bal-gyun) (2002) refers to a specific Chinese legend whose conclusion is alluded to at the end of the film. Though there are apparent references to the legend in the film's first half, the allusions there seem to have no immediate purpose. However, in light of the general pattern of reversibility that structures much of the film, those apparent references in conjunction with some dances early in the film suggest that the allusions refer, not to the Chinese legend, but rather to a well-known Japanese Kabuki play, A Maiden at Dōjōji, whose action inverts gendered roles of the Chinese legend. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background. Allergic asthma and rhinitis may be associated. Airway inflammation is shared by both disorders. The measure of the fractional concentration of exhaled nitric oxide (FeNO) may be considered as a surrogate marker for airway inflammation, mainly in allergic patients. Reversibility to bronchodilation (BD) testing is a functional characteristic of asthma. Objective. The aim of this study was to evaluate whether FeNO may predict reversibility to BD in a pediatric cohort of allergic subjects with asthma (180) or rhinitis (150). Methods. Lung function (including forced expiratory volume at the first second (FEV1), forced volume capacity (FVC), forced expiratory flow at 25-75% of volume capacity (FEF 25-75)), FeNO measurement, and BD testing were performed in all children. Results. Lung function, FeNO, and sensitization type were significantly different in the two groups. A strong correlation was found between FeNO and ΔFEV1 after BD. Two main predictors of reversibility were FeNO values >34 ppb [Odds RatioAdj (ORAdj) = 1.9] and sensitization to perennial allergens (ORAdj = 1.7). Conclusions. This study provided evidence that FeNO was strongly related with the response to BD testing and could predict bronchial reversibility in children with allergic rhinitis or asthma. Therefore, a simple FeNO measurement could suggest relevant information about bronchial reversibility. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Zirconium tungstosuccinate (ZWSu) and zirconium tungstosalicylate (ZWSa) composites were synthesized by anchoring moieties of succinic acid (SuA) and salicylic acid (SaA) onto zirconium tungstate (ZW), respectively. The produced exchange composites were unambiguously characterized by TGA, DTA, XRD, and FTIR spectroscopy. Thermally stable, amorphous, highly active, and multifunctional inorganic-organic exchangers were produced. The sorption behavior of the hybrid materials for removal of some hazardous radionuclides, 134Cs, 60Co, and 152+154 Eu has been studied for covering different pHs, contact time, and concentrations; capacity; 2.6, 3.14, and 4.05 meq/g were accommodated. FORM, PFORM, and PSORM equations were kinetically tested to predict the reaction mechanism. Adsorption isotherms have been constructed at different reaction temperatures (30, 40, 50, 60 ± 1°C). Adsorption of 134Cs, 60Co, and 152+154 Eu on the exchangers fit to Langmuir and Freundlich isotherms. The effect of temperature on the equilibrium distribution coefficient values was also investigated, and the thermodynamic parameters were determined; the reverse order kinetics and ion exchange reversibility were moreover indicated. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

In this study, the amount of asphaltene precipitation produced by adding different ratios of n-alkanes (n-pentane, hexane, n-heptane, n-nonane) into two dead oil samples from Iranian oil fields has been measured. The obtained results were compatible with the results of other researchers. Meanwhile, the reversibility of asphaltene precipitation process has been investigated as an important subject in this phenomenon. Then, by using the experimental data and optimization, the scaling equation's coefficients were calculated and then the amount of asphaltene precipitation and the onset point have been obtained by the scaling approach. Finally, the obtained results have been compared with the experimental data and the model's accuracy was approved. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Computer simulations have shown that several classes of population models, including the May host-parasitoid model and the Ginzburg-Taneyhill 'maternal-quality' single species population model, exhibit extremely complicated orbit structures. These structures include islands-around-islands, ad infinitum, with the smaller islands containing stable periodic points of higher period. We identify the mechanism that generates this complexity and we discuss some biological implications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) is defined by being “not fully reversible”, most guidelines recommend measurement of lung function after the administration of a bronchodilator. The objective of this study was to compare bronchodilator responsiveness (significant improvement in the FEV1 or FVC) to full-, partial- or “inverse’” reversibility in obstruction status in a population-based sample in Southeastern Kentucky. The study population was selected using random digit dialing of an adult population in Southeastern Kentucky as part of the Burden of Lung disease (BOLD) project. Lung function was assessed using spirometry pre- and post-bronchodilation. Subjects presence and severity of COPD was classified using modified Global Obstructive Lung Disease (GOLD) criteria. We examined the relation between changes in “obstruction” status (based on the FEV1/ FVC of 0.7) and the presence of “significant bronchodilator responsiveness” (based on ≥ 12% improvement in the FEV1 or the FVC). The final population with acceptable pre- and post-bronchodilator spirometry included 440 participants. 32/440 subjects (7.3%) changed from obstructed to unobstructed (full-reversibility), 19/440 (4.3%) changed from unobstructed to obstructed (“inverse”-reversibility), 389/440 (88.4%) had either no-change or partial-reversibility, and 65/440 (14.8%) had bronchodilator responsiveness. Among those with full-reversibility, only 9/32 (28.1%) had bronchodilator responsiveness, whereas among subjects with “inverse”-reversibility, 10/19 (52.6%) had bronchodilator responsiveness. Among all subjects with bronchodilator responsiveness, only 19/65 (29.2%) changed categories. Our findings suggest that significant bronchodilator responsiveness is not the same as “reversibility” of “obstruction”, even though these terms are often used interchangeably. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper begins by reviewing conventional understandings of the historical and archaeological record and questions the lack of problematizing the nature of time in relation to the archive. Drawing on the concept of memory in both mental (testimony) and material terms (trace), the paper argues that we need to address the temporal paradox at the heart of any archive, namely the continuity of the past into the present. Using the concept of palimpsest, the materiality of memory as trace is then explored as a way to understand the intersection of objects and events - and their residues. It is proposed that the trace produces a very different historical ontology to testimony, one that requires different kinds of narrative. Specifically, the residuality that is implicit in the concept of trace references an interia or resilience in the material world where preservation and destruction - memory and forgetting - are entangled with degrees of reversibility to the order of things. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this article is to highlight the central role that the time asymmetry of stability plays in feedback control. We show that this provides a new perspective on the use of doubly-infinite or semi-infinite time-axes for signal spaces in control theory. We then focus on the implication of this time asymmetry in modelling uncertainty, regulation and robust control. We point out that modelling uncertainty and the ease of control depend critically on the direction of time. We also discuss the relationship of this control-based time-arrow with the well-known arrows of time in physics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article examines estimation of the one-step-ahead transition probabilities in a reversible Markov chain on a countable state space. A symmetrized moment estimator is proposed that exploits the reversible structure. Examples are given where the symmetrized estimator has superior asymptotic properties to those of a naive estimator, implying that knowledge of reversibility can sometimes improve estimation. The asymptotic mean and variance of the estimators are quantified. The results are proven using only elementary results such as the law of large numbers and the central limit theorem. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Fouling is an inevitable hurdle limiting flux and performance of membrane processes. This paper reviewed the literature studies on physical cleaning methods and chemical cleaning and commented on the indices for cleaning efficiencies therein used in literature works. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]