Search

The complex pattern of gold production in Canada, which differs from the classic Hubbert´s curve, is modeled, and a short-term forecast is made, via the Fundamental Equation of Mineral Production (FEMP). For intervals of time with a variable production to reserves ratio, a discrete piecewise version of the equation updates the reserves and the Production to Reserves Ratio (PRR) by units of time. These piecewise linear portions of the PRR correspond to sub-cycles of rising and declining production embedded in the overall history of production. This version of the FEMP allows modelling of any pattern of mineral production at a universal range of scales. The Hubbert´s linearization indicates the official account of reserves underestimates the real amount of gold resources in Canada. The equivalence between the Hubbert's formula and the FEMP is introduced. The Hubbert curve is shown as a case study of the Fundamental Equation, featured as the product of a quadratic function of the cumulative production and a rational function of the PRR with time. The forecast for Canada's current gold production illustrates the metal output is about to peak with an all-time record high in the near future, unless new findings or influential global economic factors are introduced (i.e., a sharp and sustained growth of gold demand from regional markets), allowing an increase of the slope of the linear function featured by the PRR of the FEMP-based model. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article examines steps taken at one academic library to address issues encountered when attempting to create a foundation of copyright knowledge to assist staff in reserves and interlibrary loan. It reviews the development of a copyright policy for the library that specifically addressed interlibrary loan and reserves activities. It also addresses how conducting staff instruction, developing process documentation, and having regular training meetings, enhanced each department's ability to incorporate the new policy into daily workflows. Finally, it points out new issues encountered when attempting to simplify how copyright and licensed materials are handled. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As librarians are increasingly identified as rights experts on campus, it is essential that they understand rights issues and how best to communicate them to a multitude of users. While scholarly literature contains many examples of librarians working with faculty on copyright issues regarding course materials, reserves, e-reserves, and intellectual property, there is far less documentation of the need for students, especially undergraduates, to understand their rights as creators and consumers of information. This article reviews relevant literature on librarian copyright skills, the need for copyright instruction, and current case studies and examples of copyright instruction for undergraduates. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We estimate China's demand for foreign reserves from 1994:1 to 2007:4. Using a monetary model for China's reserve demand, we take into account the People's Bank of China's systematic neutralization policy to reduce inflation. While ultimately inconsistent, this policy has led to a growth in foreign exchange reserves that seems limitless: a neutralization coefficient of 0.57 leading to a “magnification effect” on the increase in reserves of 2.3. That is, a purchase of foreign reserves leads to a contraction of domestic credit of 57% of the foreign exchange purchase, which in turn magnifies the surplus under a stable exchange rate. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Value at Risk has lost the battle against Expected Shortfall on theoretical grounds, the latter satisfying all coherence properties while the former may, on carefully constructed cases, lack the sub-additivity property that is in a sense, the most important property a risk measure ought to satisfy. While the superiority of Expected Shortfall is evident as a theoretical tool, little has been researched on the properties of estimators proposed in the literature. Since those estimators are the real tools for calculating bank capital reserves in practice, the natural question that one may ask is whether a given estimator of Expected Shortfall also satisfies the coherence properties. In this paper, we show that it is possible to have estimators of Expected Shortfall that do not satisfy the sub-additivity condition. This finding should motivate risk managers and quantitative asset managers to investigate further the properties of the estimators of the risk measures they are currently utilizing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Focuses on the economic cooperation between India and the United Arab Emirates in the 1990s. Maintenance of a high level of per capita income by United Arab Emirates; Amount of gross international reserves of India; Contribution of the oil sector to the UAE's gross domestic product.

En a series of papers, Taylor (1971, 1977, 1979) has proposed a theoretical model of Credit Union behavior emphasizing their non-profit and cooperative nature. Taylor (1979) represents the model in its most developed form. In this note his work is surveyed and a modification is proposed, namely the incorporation of current period endogenous reserve accumulation, which is very important in practice and which, it is suggested, fills a significant gap and makes his model more satisfactory as a representation of credit union behaviour in periods of asset growth or decline. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]