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Service-oriented manufacturing has been a prevalent trend in integrating product collaborative development with maintenance service, whereas the final products are frequently trapped into severe quality defects lacking appropriate contracting incentives. This paper establishes a tractable framework investigating the alignment of inspection and warranty strategies to manage product quality throughout the R&D, manufacturing and usage processes. Specifically, the manufacturing effort is motivated by a cost-sharing contract provided by the researcher, who performs quality inspection upon receiving the final product. Subsequent maintenance service is predesignated for warranty period coverage that the cost is partially claimed for compensation from the manufacturer. Under both breakdown and preventive maintenance strategies, we elaborate and compare the optimal incentive intensities solving the equilibrium effort decisions and inspection accuracy. The results suggest that both R&D and manufacturing effort levels under preventive maintenance are slightly higher than that under breakdown maintenance scenario, while inspection accuracy contradicts conversely. The breakdown maintenance strategy is associated with a lower proportion of warranty costs borne by the manufacturer. For a sufficient long warranty period, the researcher is better off to conduct preventive maintenance periodically. Our study contributes to providing explicit implications to manage product development quality with adequate inspection and warranty strategies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

India continues to modernize its nuclear arsenal, with at least four new weapon systems and several new delivery platforms under development to complement or replace existing nuclear-capable aircraft, land-based delivery systems, and sea-based systems. Several of these systems are nearing completion and will soon be fielded. We estimate that India may have produced enough military plutonium for 130 to 210 nuclear warheads but likely has produced only around 172, although the country's warhead stockpile is likely growing. The Nuclear Notebook is researched and written by the staff of the Federation of American Scientists' Nuclear Information Project: director Hans M. Kristensen, associate director Matt Korda, senior research associates Eliana Johns and Mackenzie Knight. To see all previous Nuclear Notebook columns in the Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists dating back to 1987, go to . [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Sales force turnover has been identified as one of the top issues in sales organizations by sales researchers and practitioners. The present research examines the role of two under-investigated factors: sales role focus (i.e., hunting focus versus farming focus), and salespeople's career aspirations in understanding turnover. Analysis of survey data from 263 salespeople showed support for sales role focus as a factor associated with salespeople's turnover intention and career aspirations, and the influence of salespeople's age on the supported relationship. The current research extends the sales literature by demonstrating how salespeople's age moderates the relationship between sales role focus and turnover intention through career aspirations. The findings of the research will help sales managers hire and retain the right salespeople. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Lean manufacturing (LM) applies different tools that help to eliminate waste as well as the operations that do not add value to the product or processes to increase the value of each performed activity. Here the main motivation is to study how quantitative modelling approaches can support LM tools even under system and environment uncertainties. The main contributions of the article are: (i) providing a systematic literature review of 99 works related to the modelling of uncertainty in LM environments; (ii) proposing a methodology to classify the reviewed works; (iii) classifying LM works under uncertainty; and (iv) identify quantitative models and their solution to deal with uncertainty in LM environments by identifying the main variables involved. Hence this article provides a conceptual framework for future LM quantitative modelling under uncertainty as a guide for academics, researchers and industrial practitioners. The main findings identify that LM under uncertainty has been empirically investigated mainly in the US, India and the UK in the automotive and aerospace manufacturing sectors using analytical and simulation models to minimise time and cost. Value stream mapping (VSM) and just in time (JIT) are the most used LM techniques to reduce waste in a context of system uncertainty. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Using the computer vision method, this study proposes an analytical model of visual aesthetics for brand communication and analyzes the effects of visual features (i.e., colors and visual complexity) on brand personality. This study illustrates a four-step procedure correlating computationally coded visual attributes with human ratings of perceived brand personality. This study has important methodological implications for advertising researchers and practitioners. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Artificial intelligence (AI) is becoming a critical engine that powers a range of technology solutions. It is rapidly playing a vital role in supply chain and operations management. In this paper, we present a research agenda of how researchers and practitioners alike can study the potential adoption of AI-powered tools for benefits in the supply chain. We draw on the unified theory of acceptance and use of technology and suggest directions for research that leverage a mixed-methods research approach. Because these technologies are in a nascent stage and evolving rapidly, a mixed-methods approach will allow for a careful examination of potential features and how their adoption can be fostered, with specific benefits in mind. We present three-specific research directions rooted in the developmental, completeness, and expansion purposes of mixed-methods research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Artificial intelligence (AI) is considered a mechanism that can improve supply chain resilience. Organisations around the world are investing in implementing AI systems to improve their supply chain and become more resilient to pandemics and disruption. At the same time, practitioners are not fully aware of the factors that impact the implementation of these systems. Alongside this, the extant literature lacks a comprehensive study that evaluates the enablers impacting the implementation of AI in production systems. This research fills this gap by identifying, defining, and evaluating the critical enablers influencing the adoption and implementation of AI in production systems. We extracted twelve enablers, created a conceptual model, and categorised the enablers based on the Technology, Organization, and Environment (TOE) framework. After categorisation, we used the analytical hierarchy process to assess the importance of the enablers presented in the model using data collected from eight experts. The results revealed that technology, as a category, is more crucial than organisation or environment. The findings also indicated that project management is the most critical of all twelve enablers. We discuss the implications of the analysis for practitioners and researchers. We also offer twelve propositions that researchers can empirically assess in future studies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

North Korea continues to modernize and grow its nuclear weapons arsenal. In this Nuclear Notebook, the authors cautiously estimate that North Korea may have produced enough fissile material to hypothetically build up to 90 nuclear warheads, but has likely assembled fewer than that—potentially around 50. To deliver the warheads, North Korea is enhancing and diversifying its missile force, most recently with new solid-fuel long-range strategic missiles, short-range tactical missiles, and sea-based missiles. The Nuclear Notebook is researched and written by the staff of the Federation of American Scientists' Nuclear Information Project: director Hans M. Kristensen, associate director Matt Korda, research associate Eliana Johns, and program associate Mackenzie Knight. To see all previous Nuclear Notebook columns in the Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists dating back to 1987, go to [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This column examines the role of research and publication by retired faculty from two perspectives: the varying ability according to discipline and the extrinsic and intrinsic rewards of remaining an active scholar. Faculty that depend heavily on university support and working in teams such as many STEM areas and some Social Science disciplines will find it harder to remain active researchers. Humanities faculty with a tradition of individual authorship and dependence upon library resources will face fewer barriers. Fine Arts faculty fall in the middle depending on their area. Few retired faculty will receive extrinsic financial rewards and will lose the indirect rewards from their universities as active researchers. The main intrinsic reward is maintaining their self-image as scholars with the ability to share their knowledge. Faculty may continue to get satisfaction from monitoring their influence from their citation and readership counts. The column also recognizes that some faculty will make the valid decision to give up research and publication to focus on other personal rewards. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the competitive arena of academic publishing, facing rejection can be disheartening for scholars striving for recognition and impact. In this editorial, we delve into the process of article writing in sales and marketing journals, with a particular focus on personal selling and sales management. We offer insights to help authors navigate the path to publication success. From articulating abstracts that attract readers to framing findings with finesse, each section of this editorial is designed to provide scholars with the tools and techniques necessary to enhance the quality and acceptance rate of their submissions. Drawing on our combined experiences as managing and senior editors, we provide actionable advice and practical strategies to address the challenges encountered in the peer-review process. By illuminating the nuances of manuscript preparation and submission, this editorial provides a step-by-step guide for academics seeking to elevate their scholarly contributions and minimize the sting of rejection. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Artificial intelligence (AI) tools have seen widespread adoption in the sales function. However, the pace of adoption means that sales researchers are often several steps behind the business world. A way to alleviate some of these concerns is to provide a practical, yet up-to-date understanding of AI in sales. Thus, the purpose of this manuscript is to clarify what AI is, the role of AI in sales, and its implications for multiple stakeholders in the sales organization (i.e. salespeople, sales managers, organizations, and customers). To achieve this objective, the authors provide an up-to-date examination of business practices that are interwoven with practitioner and academic literature. Next, based upon exploratory interviews with eighteen practitioners, the authors discuss challenges and opportunities that can arise due to AI adoption. Finally, the authors provide directions for future exploration of AI in the sales domain. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this recursively reflexive comment, I reflect on the seven commentaries that critically elaborate upon my proposals about the radically decentering ontological implications of Russ Belk's conceptualization of the extended self. These wide-ranging commentaries address a nexus of thought provoking and intriguing topics that significantly expand and enrich this discussion about the future of consumer research (as we can best envision it from the limits of our contemporary standpoints). I am thrilled to have provided an impetus for these reflections and, as a secondary benefit, they have helped me to better crystallize my initial reflections via the reflexive trope of the consumer as an elusive epistemic object, endlessly pursued by marketing researchers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In responding to Craig Thompson's commentary, we argue that assemblage, contrary to how it has often been theorised in consumer research, is subject oriented. Drawing on Deleuze, we explore how desire is thus not abstract but is part of a context of life that is organised by the subject. In neutralising the subject's attachments, consumer researchers are prevented from seeing how desires left unfulfilled can represent deeper social marginalisations and how the market incentivises unsustainable and uncaring behaviours. We argue that Craig's commentary raises the need to recognise that an affective architecture of feelings is always at work. We call for a more 'care-full' approach which does not ignore the desiring body, deny the power differentials that exist and apoliticises our attachments within these networks of relations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The United States has embarked on a wide-ranging nuclear modernization program that will ultimately see every nuclear delivery system replaced with newer versions over the coming decades. In this issue of the Nuclear Notebook, we estimate that the United States maintains a stockpile of approximately 3,708 warheads—an unchanged estimate from the previous year. Of these, only about 1,770 warheads are deployed, while approximately 1,938 are held in reserve. Additionally, approximately 1,336 retired warheads are awaiting dismantlement, giving a total inventory of approximately 5,044 nuclear warheads. Of the approximately 1,770 warheads that are deployed, 400 are on land-based intercontinental ballistic missiles, roughly 970 are on submarine-launched ballistic missiles, 300 are at bomber bases in the United States, and approximately 100 tactical bombs are at European bases. The Nuclear Notebook is researched and written by the staff of the Federation of American Scientists' Nuclear Information Project: director Hans M. Kristensen, senior research fellow Matt Korda, research associate Eliana Johns, and program associate Mackenzie Knight. To see all previous Nuclear Notebook columns in the Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists dating back to 1987, go to . [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the increasing integration of AI tools like Yewno Discover, Scholarcy, and Grammarly in academic libraries, undergraduate research has witnessed transformative changes. These tools, while elevating the research process, also bring forth challenges rooted in ethics and application. This paper explores the synergy between modern technology and academic exploration, highlighting the benefits and potential pitfalls of using AI in the research workflow. It emphasizes that while Yewno Discover and similar tools offer streamlined navigation of vast information databases, it is imperative for undergraduates to remain cognizant of potential biases and other ethical considerations. This paper underscores the need for proactive measures in academic settings, including specialized training and policy development, to ensure that undergraduate researchers harness the power of AI responsibly and efficiently. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

How would consumers respond to mobile ads in spatially and temporally bounded captive environments? We theorize that consumers who are forced to wait are likely to perceive an abundance of time and ultimately become more responsive to mobile ads. To test our theory, we conducted three studies following a multimethod approach. In Study 1, a large-scale field study (n = 66,473), we found a relationship between captivity and receptiveness to mobile ads in transit. In Study 2, a lab experiment, we extended our findings by revealing that time perception mediated the relationship between captivity and intention to click on mobile ads. Last, in Study 3, we tested boredom and individual propensities to use time efficiently as underlying mediating and moderating conditions for captivity's effect. Overall, the results have implications for advertising practitioners and researchers examining context-based mobile targeting. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Learning theories provide philosophically informed, basic principles for understanding the mechanisms through which people learn based on a combination of field or laboratory studies. Unfortunately, however, there are several clear conflicts between theoretical approaches and common methods in teaching. Consequently, key challenges among teachers relate to knowing which theoretical approach to adopt and, therefore, methods to apply. This contradiction is even more confusing since some arguments from each approach are coherent with current practice, whilst others are either inconsistent, unclear or even counter to established teaching views. In short, the implications for teachers are, at best, suboptimal. Accordingly, this paper aims to explore the differences in theoretical perspectives and thence, to propose that there is a need for multiple approaches, possibly used in combination. We hope to offer clearer guidance for practitioners and provide some direction to promote better application from researchers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Researchers have studied human perception-action systems during interceptive tasks in real or virtual situations. Training and practice may enhance perception and action in dynamic gap interception tasks like crossing a road. For relevant studies, we thoroughly searched PubMed, PsycINFO, ScienceDirect, ResearchGate, and SPORTDiscus. We reviewed and summarized research to determine how task-specific practice, exercise, and sports experience affect perception-action capacities when intercepting a moving gap. Specifically, we examined how sports experience influences perception-action coupling in street crossing. Task-specific and sports skills may improve perception-action in everyday activities. Hence, task-specific practice and perception-action coupling in sports may increase perceptual-motor skills for dynamic gap interception tasks. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Non-accidental violence in women's gymnastics has gained significant attention, and is a sport where gender is clearly differentiated. Despite the volume of gymnastics research on these themes it seemingly had little impact in preventing harm. We conducted a critical interpretative synthesis of 45 articles to reexamine the literature for understanding of, and connections between, gender and violence. We found that where gender viewed as a structure was explicit, violence was not. Conversely where violence was explicit, gender was implicit and viewed in individualist terms. Only one article explicitly connected gender and violence recognizing violence as a gendered outcome. We encourage researchers to incorporate gender as a structure in analytical inquiries and identify the wider contexts and associated mechanisms through which gender intersects with violence. Doing so can help to develop prevention measures that align with international definitions of gender-based violence. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The concept of the Physical Internet (PI) has been introduced as a vision for globally efficient and sustainable logistics. Examining the activities of the PI since its foundation, enormous efforts can be recognised in the political and business spheres. Furthermore, the topic has received considerable attention from logistics and supply chain management scientists. In this context, a wide variety of dimensions of the PI concept has been investigated. In contrast to some existing qualitative literature reviews, this study focuses on a quantitative review methodology to provide a holistic overview of the PI concept and its underlying dimensions and interrelations. Based on bibliometric performance analysis and science mapping, this research maps and connects the extant PI literature landscape. In doing so, the most important journals, researchers, and institutions in the PI field are identified. Furthermore, eight research topics are grouped thematically, including PI benefits and the challenge of its operationalisation, carriers and shippers in the PI network, PI foundations, smart product-service systems and services, hyperconnected city logistics, information and communication technology requirements, modular PI containers, and organisation and control of PI hubs. Based on the clustering of existing research, the study concludes by providing directions for future research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Russia is in the late stages of a multi-decade long modernization program to replace all of its Soviet-era nuclear-capable systems with newer versions. In this issue of the Nuclear Notebook, we estimate that Russia now possesses approximately 4,380 nuclear warheads for its strategic and non-strategic nuclear forces—a net reduction of approximately 109 from last year's estimate. Although the number of Russian strategic launchers is not expected to change significantly in the foreseeable future, the number of warheads assigned to them might increase. The Nuclear Notebook is researched and written by the staff of the Federation of American Scientists' Nuclear Information Project: director Hans M. Kristensen, senior research fellow Matt Korda, research associate Eliana Johns, and Herbert Scoville Jr. peace fellow Mackenzie Knight. To see all previous Nuclear Notebook columns in the Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists dating back to 1987, go to . [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Multi-tier sustainable supply chain relationships (MSSCR) are complex with involvement of multiple organisations, practices, objectives, and interconnectivities. These complexities make it difficult to effectively study MSSCR using traditional empirical statistical correlative research. In MSSCR the relationship between the focal firm and sub-supplier may be affected by the relationship between the focal firm and direct-supplier, and the relationship between the direct-supplier and the sub-supplier. This paper introduces a research methodology, based on K-Means clustering, rough set theory, and cluster membership to investigate complex relationships across multi-tier sustainable supply chain triads. Collaborative advantage variables including knowledge-sharing routines, relation-specific investments, complementary capabilities, effective governance mechanisms, and long-term commitment are conceptually presented to evaluate relationships among MSSCR practices and sustainability performance. Insights for practitioners and researchers are provided. Research insights can be gained by analytically providing alternative explanatory and equifinality relationships amongst variables and multi-pair organisations. The methodology can mitigate the endogeneity problem, such as omitted factors (variables), measurement error, even in small sample data situations. Directions for future research are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An efficient multivariate single control chart to simultaneously monitor 'location or mean' and 'scale or variabilities', based on individual observations of multiple quality characteristics (MQC), is a continuous research endeavour. Compared to rational subgroups, time-ordered individual sample observations of MQC are common in manufacturing. However, few researchers proposed parametric and nonparametric multivariate control charts to monitor individual observations in this context. The proposed parametric approach has limited applicability due to the restrictive distribution assumption of MQC. In addition, most of the suggested parametric or nonparametric approaches recommend multiple charts to monitor process 'location' and 'scale' parameters simultaneously. Multiple charts can increase the control complexities and overall false-alarm-rate. MQC can also have significant nonlinear correlation structures and follow unknown or nonnormal distributions in real-life scenarios. Single parametric or nonparametric multivariate charts for individual observations can exhibit poor performance in such situations. In this study, an adaptive Mahalanobis depth and k-nearest neighbour (k-NN) rule-based r-AMD chart is proposed and verified to address the lacuna mentioned above. Monte-Carlo simulation studies are used to evaluate the performance of the r-AMD chart. Four real-life manufacturing scenarios are also considered to validate the suitability and superiority of r-AMD over the existing 'r-MD' and other competing charts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Despite the success of videographic methods, they have not been used to expand the range of contexts where institutional complexity informs marketing theory. In applying participant videography to such a study, however, we can also better understand how both methods and researchers themselves are variously embedded in the institutional complexity being studied. We explore this through the idea of hyphen-spaces amongst researchers, between researcher and participants, and involving the technologies used in research. We show how video helps researchers to understand institutional complexity in contexts where consumption practices may be difficult for participants to reflect on and articulate. We then further explain how interpreting video data opens up hyphen-spaces in which the research team can reflect on their own institutional embeddedness and implicit political aims. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The modernization of China's nuclear arsenal has both accelerated and expanded in recent years. In this issue of the Nuclear Notebook, we estimate that China now possesses roughly 500 nuclear warheads, with more in production to arm future delivery systems. China is now believed to have one of the fastest-growing nuclear arsenals among the nine nuclear-armed states. The Nuclear Notebook is researched and written by the staff of the Federation of American Scientists' Nuclear Information Project: director Hans M. Kristensen, senior research fellow Matt Korda, research associate Eliana Johns, and Herbert Scoville Jr. peace fellow Mackenzie Knight. To see all previous Nuclear Notebook columns in the Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists dating back to 1987, go to . [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper investigated the usage of mobile technology in marketing academic libraries in developing countries. The main purpose, apart from awareness, is to look at how researchers are studying mobile technology in marketing academic libraries, what are the current issues investigated and what has to be the direction of the topic globally. The paper employed 23 research papers for systematic review. The findings reveal that academic libraries are aware of mobile technology and use it at various levels for academic library promotion, visibility, and teaching and learning. Factors influencing the use of mobile technology in marketing academic libraries were identified and further noted that little has been studied regarding mobile technology in marketing academic libraries and its performance in developing countries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

According to [Dolgui, Alexandre, and Jean Marie Proth. 2010. Supply Chain Engineering: Useful Methods and Techniques. Vol. 539. Springer.], advancing tactical levels in production systems has led to the disappearance of static scheduling in favour of dynamic scheduling. Additionally, the evolving challenges in the supply chain paradigm have significantly impacted the organisation of production systems. This shift has moved scheduling issues from the tactical to the strategic level, resulting in linear organisations encompassing scheduling decisions. [Proth, Jean Marie. 2007. "Scheduling: New Trends in Industrial Environment." Annual Reviews in Control 31 (1): 157–166. .] emphasised that real-time scheduling in production systems has become a pivotal area of research. He presented several open problems for researchers to address in this context, including (1) the development of real-time algorithms capable of handling multiple operations on the same product and unrelated resources, (2) adapting previous schedules with certain modifications, (3) addressing unforeseen actions that arise randomly in real-time planning, and (4) exploring cyclic scheduling problems with size limits as alternative solutions to heuristic approaches. This paper reviews the evolving trends in light of J.M. Proth's predictions and advice within the aforementioned domains. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Evaluation is an essential organizational practice in sport, but many organizations do not have adequate capacity to engage in evaluative work. To address this gap, academic researchers partnered with Canada's Sport Information Resource Centre, a nationally serving nonprofit dedicated to knowledge translation in sport, to develop, deliver and evaluate a series of webinars and knowledge products (e.g. blog posts, videos) that aimed to build evaluation capacity among sport organizations. The initiative produced four webinars and 16 knowledge products that reached 753 sport stakeholders, with 86% of survey respondents reporting an increase in evaluation knowledge. Using the Knowledge to Action and RE-AIM frameworks, this paper provides a blueprint for higher education professionals seeking to co-develop, co-deliver and co-evaluate knowledge translation initiatives in partnership with nonprofit sport organizations in Canada. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In practice, without clear evidence of the positive impacts of maintenance on sustainability, organisations/ companies are not encouraged to look at (or invest in) maintenance as an effective tool to enhance sustainability. Therefore, it is essential to show them that such evidence exists, which is the aim of this paper. The paper reviews and analyses evidence from the literature about maintenance's social, environmental, and economic impacts. It identifies the required sustainability-related indicators associated with these impacts and provides aggregate quantified percentages for them (positively or negatively), as shown in the reviewed papers. An evidence-based research is conducted in this paper to achieve this purpose. The search process results in a research sample of 58 publications that have been surveyed and analysed. Based on the conducted analysis, the results show that maintenance positively impacts economic, environmental, and social sustainability. Many reviewed cases appear in manufacturing and buildings (both residential and commercial) and primarily consider environmental and economic sustainability indicators. The cases with social sustainability indicators are limited. Regardless, these results bring adequate evidence to encourage researchers and practitioners to view maintenance as a practical approach to improve sustainability and to investigate more in this domain. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Circular economy (CE) is necessary for achieving sustainability goals. Nonetheless, the distillation of CE practices into business operations has been unsatisfactory as firms struggle to transition to CE. There is an increase in studies that have attempted to identify challenges impeding the implementation of CE practices. However, most of these studies focus on technical and external aspects affecting CE, leaving intra-organisational aspects such as organisational learning and knowledge largely unexplored. The latter aspects can play a significant role in CE transitions, and thus warrants further research. To address this research gap, this study draws on lean thinking as an organisational learning system and accentuates knowledge obstacles, seen as wastes, that can stifle a transition to CE. Subsequently, it deploys action-learning research, involving collaboration between researchers and the participants in the action to generate actionable knowledge. The analysis of the findings is used to develop a novel framework including six measures that can be implemented to counteract knowledge obstacles and lay a foundation for a CE transition. The proposed framework can be the basis for further research on lean and intra-organisational aspects that can help firms restructure the current linear mode of production, and thus accelerate a smooth CE transition. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Out-of-school time (OST) science, technology, engineering, and math (STEM) programming has positive impacts for youth, and the importance of engineering design activities and principles within STEM programming is well-supported by research. Including subject matter experts (SMEs) in these programs enriches the experience of youth participants. Public libraries are widely accessible to the public, and their role in the OST arena is expanding. Library staff can boost the quality of STEM learning experiences by partnering with SMEs. Purpose: Subject matter experts (SME) contribute more than just their expertise. Between 2018 and 2019, a group of diverse professional engineers and librarians co-facilitated engineering activities at six U.S. libraries serving traditionally underserved populations. This study investigates the alignment in active learning preferences between youth, library staff, and professional engineer volunteers. Method: The study's design implemented the Framework for the Observation and Categorization of Instructional Strategies (FOCIS), which identifies seven different types of learning activities: collaborating, competing, performing, discovering, making, teaching, and caretaking. The FOCIS helped researchers evaluate the learning activity preferences of youth participants, engineers, and librarians. Results: The analysis showed that the learning activity preferences of youth and engineers were much more closely aligned than those of librarians. Conclusions: Alignment between youth-program participants and SME program facilitators has the potential to enrich the program experience and foster active engagement. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Nuclear Notebook is researched and written by the staff of the Federation of American Scientists' Nuclear Information Project: director Hans M. Kristensen, senior research fellow Matt Korda, research associate Eliana Johns, and Scoville fellow Mackenzie Knight. The Nuclear Notebook column has been published in the Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists since 1987. This issue's column examines the current state of global nuclear sharing arrangements, which include non- nuclear countries that possess nuclear-capable delivery systems for employment of a nuclear-armed state's nuclear weapons. To see all previous Nuclear Notebook columns, go to https:// thebulletin.org/nuclear-notebook/. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The promotion of diversity and inclusion in advertising has the potential to bring about positive change in society. Despite its importance, there has been limited research on consumer reactions to these initiatives, making it challenging to understand their complexities and nuances fully. To address this gap, this study employs a mixed-method approach, combining a typology of reactions to diversity and inclusion advertising (DIA) with qualitative interviews to provide a comprehensive framework for researchers and practitioners. Underpinned by social identity theory, this study segments individuals based on their attitudes and perceptions toward DIA and their level of belief congruence with the message. The resulting framework sheds light on the interplay among individual perceptions, execution considerations, and brand-related perceptions, highlighting the importance of understanding the attitudes of each segment. Critically, three of the four segments suffer from brand-related perceptions, be it a lack of authenticity or engagement or perceptions of selfish motives, making it imperative for practitioners to understand and address these challenges. Finally, we move away from a one-size-fits-all approach to DIA, offering a framework for practitioners, including tailored recommendations for each segment, enabling them to navigate the complex interplay among individual perceptions, execution considerations, and brand-related perceptions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Most of the information security management research involving fear appeals is guided by either protection motivation theory or the extended parallel processing model. Over time, extant research has extended these theories, as well as their derivative theories, in a variety of ways, leading to several theoretical and empirical inconsistencies. The large body of fragmented, and sometimes conflicting, research has muddied the broader understanding of what drives protection- and defensive motivation. We provide guidance to the security discourse by offering the first study in the literature to employ two-stage meta-analytic structural equation modeling (TSSEM), which combines covariance-based structural equation modeling and meta-analysis. Information systems (IS) researchers have traditionally used meta-analysis for structural equation modeling for such purposes—an approach that has several serious statistical flaws. Using 341 systematically selected empirical security articles (representing 383 unique studies) and TSSEM, we pool a large series of five datasets to test six models, from which we examine the effects of constructs and paths in the security fear-appeals literature. We compare and test six versions of models inspired by issues in the broader fear-appeals literature. We confirm the importance of both the threat- and coping-appraisal processes; establish the central role of fear and that it has greater importance than threat; show that efficacy is a stronger predictor of protection motivation than is threat; demonstrate that response costs as currently measured are ineffective but that maladaptive rewards have a strong negative effect on protection motivation and a positive effect on defensive motivation; and provide evidence that dual models of danger control and fear control should be used. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We use a co-authorship network analysis to describe and examine the social network of researchers studying physical education content knowledge worldwide. Co-authorship network analysis is a method for determining the scope, trend, and focus of research around a topic. It provides a way to evaluate both the growth of a field and to examine the extent of research collaboration. Our review consists of 101 articles that were examined in our network analysis. Our results show that the research on content knowledge occurs within and among 13 high-income economies. Research productivity in this area is on an upward trajectory since 1990. The research in physical education occurs in a distributed network with some authors serving as key hubs for research collaboration. From a global perspective, there is a need to create links to low-income economies to strengthen their research capacity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article presents a theoretical approach and an analytical toolbox for researchers on reflections in PE and PETE. Its purpose is to provide an approach to analyzing how reflections are composed. Previous research mainly asks how teachers and student teachers (STs) reflect and use different theoretical concepts to describe the way in which they reflect. The use of the analytical toolbox, as described in this paper, examines how the reflections of teachers and STs have different parts that are influenced by the direction—within a given context—of their gaze and focus on teaching. Their experiences and reflections are affected by the contexts, which influence the forward-moving spiral of the development of their professional judgment. Using a recontextualized version of Wackerhausen's (2009) theory as an analytical toolbox in research, as proposed in this article, can contribute to more nuanced descriptions of teachers' and STs' reflections on teaching in PE. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Nuclear Notebook is researched and written by the staff of the Federation of American Scientists' Nuclear Information Project: director Hans M. Kristensen, senior research fellow Matt Korda, and research associate Eliana Johns. The Nuclear Notebook column has been published in the Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists since 1987. This issue's column examines Pakistan's nuclear arsenal, which we estimate to currently include approximately 170 warheads and which could realistically grow to around 200 by 2025 at the current growth rate. To see all previous Nuclear Notebook columns, go to . [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Bitterness is a common flavor attribute of aged cheese associated with the peptide fraction, but excessive levels are a defect leading to consumer rejection. Bitterness in cheese has been primarily associated with peptides that arise from the breakdown of casein. The last review of bitter peptides was published in 1992. This updated review compiled information about the bitter peptides published up to 2022. Our comprehensive search of the literature compiled 226 peptides associated with bitterness and cheese protein origins into a database (Supplemental Materials). The influences of a peptide's physical properties, such as molecular weight, average hydrophobicity, peptide length, number of prolines and the presence of hydrophobic amino acids in the peptide's terminus, were assessed for correlation with bitterness threshold values this assessment found that, among variables considered, higher molecular weight had the strongest correlation with higher bitterness among known peptides. Heatmaps of bitter peptides and their bitterness threshold values highlight β-casein as the primary source of known bitter peptides in cheese. This comprehensive database of cheese protein-derived bitter peptides and this discovery of the correlation of a peptide's physical properties to bitterness will aid future researchers in the identification and discovery of contributors to cheese bitterness. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Sensitivity of eigenvectors and eigenvalues of symmetric matrix estimates to the removal of a single observation have been well documented in the literature. However, a complicating factor can exist in that the rank of the eigenvalues may change due to the removal of an observation, and with that so too does the perceived importance of the corresponding eigenvector. We refer to this problem as "switching of eigenvalues". Since there is not enough information in the new eigenvalues, post observation removal, to indicate that this has happened, how do we know that this switching has occurred? In this article, we show that approximations to the eigenvalues can be used to help determine when switching may have occurred. We then discuss possible actions researchers can take based on this knowledge, for example making better choices when it comes to deciding how many principal components should be retained and adjustments to approximate influence diagnostics that perform poorly when switching has occurred. Our results are easily applied to any eigenvalue problem involving symmetric matrix estimators. We highlight our approach with application to two real data examples. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

I use a forward and backward predictor selection to study the efficiency of growth forecasts for Germany published by three German economic research institutes during the sample period 1970–2018. The two predictor selection techniques make it straightforward to study forecast efficiency even when the number of predictor variables that a researcher uses to proxy the information set of a forecaster is large. Based on my empirical results, I reject forecast efficiency in the majority of cases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper studies the predictive power of a set of systemic risk measures for macroeconomic downside risks in China. The quantile single-index model (QSIM) is used to select and combine systemic risk measures to depict the lower tail of macroeconomy distribution. The out-of-sample results show that QSIM provides prominent and robust prediction, as it aggregates all relevant systemic risk measures information and captures parameter nonlinearity. Moreover, we uncover the risk drivers behind macroeconomic downturns using the variable selection technique. The results provide an early warning mechanism for regulators and a criterion for researchers to select systemic risk measures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Partnering a local nonprofit social agency, the authors developed and implemented a learning program for a group of older persons preparing them to conduct qualitative research within a healthcare setting as community researchers in Singapore. This paper illustrates how learning for new occupations, job identities, and work can be supported via a competency-based approach that enables and clarifies links between research work, older adult learning, and assessment. It demonstrates how learning processes and contexts matter as much, if not more than outcomes, skills, and tasks typical of conventional competency-based training. Thus, the paper builds upon but also challenges the paradigm of competency-based training. It offers a more developmental approach or strategy for older adult learning that promotes dialogic, reflexive, and hands-on/applied learning, corresponding with educational gerontology principles. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Regional productivity differences and their determinants have long been key issues for regional researchers and policymakers. This study considers regional export variety as a factor determining regional productivity differences. Using a panel dataset covering 16 South Korean regions from 2000 to 2015, we find that export variety in South Korea accounts for 28.1% of cross-region productivity differences and 47.6% of within-region productivity growth. Export varieties are important in determining the cross-region differences and time-series variations in productivity. This study highlights the importance of export variety as a mechanism by which trade affects regional productivity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper examines the formation of children's subjectivities, related to the metaphysical conditions of being and becoming a subject, within outdoor early childhood provision in Scotland. It applies a sociomaterial metaphysical framework to propose an alternative way of understanding how subjectivities come to form in early childhood environments, bringing together Spinozist monism in relation to Deleuze and Guattari's concepts of assemblage and affect. Methodologically, an ethnographic approach inspired partly by the postqualitative field of scholarship is employed to gather data on children's subjectivities at Wood Fire, a primarily outdoor early childhood setting. The data produced in this study affords an opportunity to understand the materiality and relationality of primarily outdoor early childhood provision through which subjectivities are in-formed. Thus, they demonstrate a more expanded understanding of how we, humans, are produced as individuals in specific encounters through processes of 'affective sociomaterialisation'. Practically, this carries implications for how researchers might attune to the child's sense of self on more expansive terms through processes of affective sociomaterialisation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The demand for high-performance inspection technology for lithium-ion batteries is prominent with its increasingly diversified application scenarios. However, traditional detection techniques based on the external output response cannot accurately reflect the evolutionary trends within the cell, such as structural changes and product distribution. Thus, it's of great necessity to explore accurate and non-destructive testing techniques, among which ultrasonic detection technology evaluating battery interior state through acoustic response has drawn significant attention from researchers. This review focuses on advances in ultrasonic detection techniques for individual pouch-type lithium-ion batteries, including inspection theory and monitoring applications, as well as the current shortcomings and challenges. In general, this technique can be applied to most aspects, including defects, health, state of charge, material properties, and much more. Through an in-depth analysis of ultrasonic detection, all key insights in this review are expected to promote the development of safe lithium-ion batteries and efficient in-situ detection technologies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Companies are becoming ever more present actors in climate change governance and increasing numbers of mostly multinational companies are pledging to become greenhouse gas neutral, climate neutral, or to reach for net-zero emissions. This article deconstructs net-zero, greenhouse gas and climate neutrality targets of 51 chemical companies in Germany. A brief contextualization of companies as actors in climate change governance and an overview of the German chemical sector as an emission-intensive industry are given. Evaluation criteria for corporate greenhouse gas and climate neutrality targets are developed by comparing seven existing or emerging industry and non-governmental standards and guidelines for (corporate) net-zero, climate and greenhouse gas neutrality. The criteria are then applied to the climate and sustainability targets of 51 companies in the German chemical sector. Results show that the targets vary greatly in terms of their actual definition, the target year and covered emissions, the timeline and planned implementation measures. Only some companies underpin their targets with strategic decarbonization approaches while others rely heavily on offsetting their emissions. This heterogeneity highlights the need for unified assessment criteria and in-depth analysis of corporate climate strategies to rule out greenwashing. Recommendations for target definitions and minimum criteria are given. Key policy insights: The field of corporate GHG and climate neutrality pledges has become complex, yet highly relevant for climate change governance and needs to be addressed by researchers and policymakers alike. Minimum criteria and unified assessment methods for corporate GHG and climate neutrality targets are needed to rule out greenwashing. The results accentuate the need for policymakers to develop such minimum criteria and unify definitions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this article, we centre the voices and experiences of children engaged over several years in Indigenous tourism initiatives on Dharug Country (Dharug Ngurra) in Western Sydney, Australia. As Dharug and non-Indigenous researchers within the Dharug-led Yanama Budyari Gumada collective (Darug Ngurra et al, 2019, 2020a, 202b, 2021), we dialogue with our gurung, our children, who walked so patiently and with such great curiosity alongside us as we hosted over 25 Darug culture camps involving over 900 participants at Yellomundee Regional Reserve between 2017 and 2022. We dialogue on our experiences of hosting visitors and of learning together for many years on-Dharug Ngurra – learning in myriad ways from each other and from Dharug Ngurra – in a process we call 'spirals of connection'. This dialogue contributes to addressing the critical gap of children's voices in tourism literature. Given childhood education is understood as "an important site for the circulation of discourses pertaining to colonisation and reconciliation" (Maddison & Stastny, 2016), we also contribute towards understanding the ways that kids being, loving and learning together on-Country might influence their relationships to Country, culture, and to each other. As we follow how our gurung are learning their respective responsibilities to Dharug Ngurra, we argue governments and corporations alike have much to learn from our gurung. As our gurung tell us, all kids should have the opportunity to learn on-Country. We argue one important way that governments and corporations might step up to their responsibilities to Country is by supporting kids being and learning on Country. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

ObjectivesMethodsResultsConclusionsClinical implicationsTo implement a transcultural adaptation of the Caregiver Guilt Questionnaire (CGQ) for the Brazilian population.Five stages were involved in the adaptation: two independent translations by Brazilian nationals fluent in Spanish; summary of translations produced; back-translation; evaluation by expert panel of judges (n = 5); and lastly, assessment by family caregivers (n = 30).semantic changes were made to render the items more relevant to Brazilian culture and replicate the five factors of guilt proposed by the original questionnaire.A Brazilian version of the questionnaire was produced and transculturally adapted for use in Brazil, allowing future validation and application.The CGQ allows healthcare professionals to quantify feelings of guilt. Clinicians and clinical researcher can use the scale to obtain more precise interventions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The mapping process generally involves intricate operations, such as symbol design, layout design, and text annotation, demanding a high level of professional expertise. The high requirement for map producers hinders the promotion and widespread adoption of mapping. Consequently, researchers are concentrating on techniques to automate and enhance the intelligence of the mapping process. For example, some studies attempt to train deep learning models for mapping, including methods like map style transfer. However, these approaches typically treat the entire map as a global input and generate a new map as output, lacking the flexibility to consider and control detailed elements within a map. Therefore, in this paper, we propose a large language model-based intelligent mapping framework, termed MapGPT, which can be used for mapping by considering the map as an integration of various map elements. Specifically, multiple professional mapping tools are designed in MapGPT, and each tool is designed to control a corresponding map element. With these tools, a large language model is used to first understand the demand of users based on mere natural language descriptions, and subsequently automatically invoke appropriate tools in sequence to generate a map. Furthermore, by utilizing a memory component to store interaction information, users can interact with MapGPT through conversation to adjust map elements such as color and position. In conclusion, MapGPT offers user-friendly mapping experience, showing potential to be a mapping assistant for professional map producers. A comprehensive demonstration of this framework is provided in a visual case study video, accessible at https://github.com/AGI-GIS/MapGPT. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In-person data collection remains the cornerstone of much critical feminist and human geography research, while online and in-person methods are rarely positioned as complementary. Conducting fieldwork during the COVID-19 pandemic prompted me to combine multiple online and in-person qualitative methods in ways that extend methodological debates in human geography. Guided by feminist research ethics, I developed a methodological approach that was necessarily flexible, reflexive, and collaborative to navigate the dilemmas of conducting qualitative fieldwork during COVID-19 and in authoritarian Southeast Asia. Inspired by Guasco’s ‘ethic of not (always) going there,’ I show how online methods can generate meaningful long-term collaborations with civil society actors and build the foundations for engaged in-person fieldwork, if the researcher chooses to ‘go there.’ In-person fieldwork can enrich online methods by providing different embodied experiences and opportunities to build rapport ‘outside’ the formal interview. These research findings are relevant as geographers increasingly turn to online and hybrid methods in a range of contexts where in-person fieldwork is restricted. The ethical considerations outlined here are important for different modes of fieldwork and across contexts, authoritarian or otherwise. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]