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We apply an index decomposition analysis to investigate the main drivers of CO2 emissions in the electricity generation sector in Spain over the period 1991–2017. We quantify the impact of five different effects: carbonization, transformation, fossil intensity, electricity intensity, and production effects. Four subperiods are identified. The relevance of the drivers changed over these subperiods. The fossil intensity, electricity intensity, and production effects played an important role in the increase in emissions during the first half of the period, and particularly from 1999 to 2005. In contrast, the carbonization and fossil intensity effects were the dominant drivers of emissions reductions between 2006 and 2010. The research allows an assessment of the impact of different measures on emissions by considering their influence on the different effects, and suggests which sets of measures could be more effective in reducing emissions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Using input–output analysis, we identify the key sectors in greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions of the Uruguayan economy. The responsibilities of each sector in terms of its emissions are decomposed into an own component, generated during the activities of the sector, and an indirect component, generated by the induced activities in other sectors. This has important implications for the design of mitigation polices, as the appropriate policy measures are contingent on the nature of the pollution. Technical improvements and best practices are effective only when applied to directly polluting sectors, while demand policies may be more appropriate for indirectly polluting sectors. In addition, we analyze pollution generated during the production of exports. The results show that demand policies are going to be effective in the Building, the Hotel and restaurants, and the Wholesale and retail trade; and repair of motor vehicles and motorcycles sectors. These policies complement GHG emissions’ mitigation policies in directly polluting sectors (mainly the Cattle farming and the transport-related sectors). Finally, methane and nitrous oxide emissions are mainly the consequence of production for exports, while carbon dioxide emissions are mainly driven by production for domestic consumption. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]