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We analysed morphological variation among 17 forewing characters within five populations of the paper wasp, Polistes dominulus, in Iran. The raw planar coordinate data were aligned using geometric and mathematical calculations in kendall's shape space. After transfer of the data to a linear euclidean space, i.e., tangent space, multivariate analysis of 135 images of forewings were made using their geometric morphometric characters (30 in the forewings). We observed a direct correlation between morphological characters and the geographically easiest travel distance along river valleys and mountain ranges. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Discusses a hypothesis of a natural radar navigation system guiding hornet flight, based from an investigation of complex arrays of spike elements revealed on vespan cuticle by electron microscopy. Characteristics of hornets and wasps; Principles of the proposed natural radar navigation system hypothesis; Overview of the proposed mode tracking mechanisms of hornets.

Describes a fatal outcome in a three-year-old child following massive stings by the oriental hornet (Vespa orientalis). Evidence of severe bronchopneumonia and lung edema after a pathological examination.

A 41-yr-old, previously healthy male was stung once by a hornet. The patient had no history of allergy or hornet stings. Physical examination revealed swelling of the right side of his body with blister formation on the extremities. Rhabdomyolysis developed. Treatment included corticosteroids, antihistamines, and cyproheptadine. The patient was discharged without sequellae after being hospitalized for 7 days. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Describes the hypothesis of a natural sophisticated RADAR tracking system affecting hornets flight. Existence of different spike length arrays and disposition lead; Natural photo-and zero electric generation of energy in the hornets; Operation range of hornets RADAR system.