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Novel biodegradable and resorbable polymeric membranes that can function as supports for corneal epithelial cells cultures were developed. The materials used to synthesize these supports are natural polymers (i.e., chitosan, collagen and keratin [7 and 17% w/w]). The membranes were crosslinked with a natural crosslinker, genipin. The physicochemical, mechanical, and biological properties of the membranes were determined. It was found that the addition of keratin results in the appearance of antibacterial properties againstEscherichia coliand in increased elasticity of the membranes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ultrathin antifouling and antibacterial protective nanocoatings were prepared from ionic derivatives of chitosan using layer-by-layer deposition methodology. The surfaces of silicon, and glass protected by these nanocoatings were resistant to non-specific adsorption of proteins disregarding their net charges at physiological conditions (positively charged TGF-β 1 growth factor and negatively charged bovine serum albumin) as well as human plasma components. The coatings also preserved surfaces from the formation of bacterial (Staphylococcus aureus) biofilm as shown using microscopic studies (SEM, AFM) and the MTT viability test. Moreover, the chitosan-based films adsorbed onto glass surface demonstrated the anticoagulant activity towards the human blood. The antifouling and antibacterial actions of the coatings were correlated with their physicochemical properties. The studied biologically relevant properties were also found to be dependent on the thickness of those nanocoatings. These materials are promising for biomedical applications, e.g., as protective coatings for medical devices, anticoagulant coatings and protective layers in membranes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The authors begin with a reflection upon the role of science in the life of modern society. Then, they cite and describe the science and technology (S&T) efforts and programmes of the European Union, particularly those directed towards the countries of Central and Eastern Europe, as well as programmes and activities targeted at developing co-operation between the countries of the region, including initiatives that are not those of the European Union. Finally, they conclude with a description of possible ways to enhance collaboration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Examines the constraints in formalizing linguistic dialogue interaction. Linearity of logarithms of voice allocation in discussions; Interpretation of dialogues and verbal communication; Formal analogy between semantics and language.