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This article critically examines contemporary German environmental politics through its connections with ordoliberalism. Ordoliberalism is a branch of neoliberalism that prescribes a strong state to structure and optimize competition within a 'social market economy.' The article shows that ordoliberalism was built on a distinct political ecology that frames nature and the environment as potential sites of state intervention. It argues that ordoliberal political ecology can be made compatible with ostensibly opposed programs, including what we call 'fossil ordoliberalism,' 'green ordoliberalism,' and the potential for 'ordoliberal geoengineering.' Amidst the climate crisis, this ordoliberal malleability is exemplified by parties from the center-left Greens and center-right Liberals (FDP) to the far-right Alternative for Germany (AfD). Yet even in its progressive guise of a 'social-ecological market economy,' ordoliberal approaches will hit the 'glass ceiling' to socio-ecological transformation due to their technocratic orientation, democratic antipathies, and foundational commitment to market competition. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

AbstractNon-profit housing providers have faced ongoing pressure from neoliberal restructuring policies since the late twentieth century. In reaction to funding cuts and policies requiring them to become more business-like, housing organisations have become more hybrid, incorporating entrepreneurial logics and practices from the real estate sector. We expand on the concept of hybridity to argue that under certain institutional contexts, non-profits can apply real estate entrepreneurialism towards their social housing missions. Analysing development and acquisition practices of 13 non-profit housing providers in the Greater Toronto Area, we explore how non-profits balance entrepreneurial practices with their commitment to de-commodified housing. Three types of hybrid organisations are identified: large economy-of-scale organisations that prioritise growth and real estate professionalisation; service-focused organisations whose mission statement limits their growth aspirations; and newcomers, whose forays into housing development face both internal capacity limits and criticism from veteran organisations. The variances in hybridisation processes across and within institutional contexts, we find, require a more nuanced theorisation of the longer-term implications of neoliberalisation on social housing. Learning from Toronto’s budding social purpose real estate sector, we identify key resources for entrepreneurial housing non-profits: building sectoral assets, knowledge sharing, risk management, and a balance between organisational diversity and scale. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nonprofit organizations play a critical role in addressing social problems and the needs of marginalized populations. They emerge at different rates across regions. To understand the factors that motivate the creation of new nonprofits, nonprofit theories have focused on explanations such as failures of government, market and nonprofit sectors. Little is known to what extent nonprofit theories apply to immigrant-serving nonprofit organizations (INOs), however. The present study critiques nonprofit theories of government failure, market failure and interdependence theories by arguing that INOs emerge due to what this study calls citizenry exclusion, or exclusion related to legal status, race, ethnicity, nationality, culture and rights. The role of citizenry exclusion in explaining INO emergence is relevant for organizations that serve or advocate on behalf of immigrants. To evaluate this theoretical postulation, I draw upon 30 interviews with INO practitioners operating throughout the US. I conclude with theoretical, empirical and nonprofit practice implications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

People with minor medical conditions in China tend to prefer healthcare consultation in the emergency department of tertiary hospitals and avoid public sector community health centers (PS-CHC). The reason behind this is the trust deficit in the quality of medical care at PS-CHC. On the other hand, Chinese m-health companies have a surprising number of registered users and daily healthcare queries. However, the lack of physical check-ups causes a lack of trust in the quality of prescribed treatments for m-health users. One such m-health company entered into a joint venture with a local government body. In this joint venture, the doctors from tertiary hospitals can provide healthcare consultation to m-health users at PS-CHC. This study investigates m-health users' intention to use m-health services equipped with PS-CHC, an emerging public-private joint venture in China. We extended the technology acceptance model with government support and trust to predict the adoption of such technology-based public-private joint ventures in a better way. The data were collected from 432 m-health users in Hefei and analyzed using Smart-PLS. All eight direct, but only three mediating relationships were to be found significant. This study has implications for researchers, government healthcare authorities, and m-health service providers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Since the 8th century, Indian traders have brought Hindu/Buddhist practices to Java, influencing the culture of sitting low. When furniture came to Indonesia during the colonial era, the Javanese started using low-wooden benches called dingklik for work and informal interactions. Despite having a simple form and being often hidden, dingklik underwent a transformation through socioeconomic activities in Java during the colonial period. Contemporary paintings, photographs, and films were used to analyse dingklik in terms of content, visual elements, and height in socio-economic activity. From an economic perspective, the shape of dingklik was oriented towards mobility so that for carry-on traders, the dingklik had smaller and lighter legs, making it easy to carry. Meanwhile, socially, the form of dingklik was influenced by philosophical symbolism, and for Javanese nobles, it had decorative features similar to royal chairs as symbols of power. This study highlights the shift in the value of traditional Javanese sitting facilities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

AbstractObjectiveMethods and MeasuresResultsConclusionTo enhance Making Every Contact Count (MECC, an opportunistic approach to health promotion), training in the Third and Social Economy (TSE, all groups and organisations primarily working towards social justice, outside of the government or household) by examining the degree to which the behavioural content of MECC training tackled significant factors influencing MECC delivery.A strategic behavioural analysis design. Semi-structured interviews with service providers (n = 15) and users (n = 5) were coded for barriers and facilitators of MECC delivery using the Theoretical Domains Framework (TDF). Existing MECC training was coded for behaviour change techniques (BCTs) and intervention functions (IFs). The degree to which BCTs and IFs addressed the key TDF domains of influences on MECC delivery in the TSE were examined using prespecified tools.Seven key TDF domains of influences in MECC delivery were identified. Overall, only 9/31 linked BCTs were utilised within MECC training, with percentage utilisation of relevant BCTs for each domain ranging from 0% to 66.7%. Training adequately addressed 2/7 key domains.The TSE and healthcare share many common key TDF domains, although there are differences in how each are relevant. Limitations and recommendations for MECC training are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Communication campaigns to encourage individuals to adopt social norms became a priority in the public sector due to the spread of COVID-19. For this, a content analysis of campaigns issued in English and Spanish for COVID-19 was carried out using Google as a search platform. Fifty-two campaigns launched in 17 countries throughout the year 2020 were analyzed, with a total sample of 504 messages. Research identified that the visibility of the desired behavior was the mechanism increasingly used by the different institutions to inform and persuade the acceptance of new social norms. The campaigns promoted awareness of the virus (descriptive social norms to follow), then they appealed to self-responsibility for contagion, and finally being able to deal with the frustration of confinement. It was identified that most campaigns were merely informative, and that testimony or cultural images were the styles least used. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Characteristics core to the nonprofit sector’s identity – community building and authenticity – are what drive user engagement on microvlogging platforms like TikTok. Yet, nonprofits are often hesitant to join emerging social media platforms, especially platforms that necessitate a new content style. This hesitancy is due to uncertainties on the platform and insufficient resources to go “all-in.” We interviewed social media coordinators and applied qualitative summative content analysis to illuminate TikTok’s early adopters’ strategies for moving beyond metrics like follower counts and attention to leveraging their social media-based social capital toward mission-oriented goals. The findings indicate that as social media strategies grow more sophisticated, nonprofits build the capacity to work toward mission fulfillment more narrowly. However, the fast-paced nature of the platform defies nonprofit’ commonly reserved approach to social media, such as long-term planning, strong leadership oversight, and brand establishment. Well-meaning CEOs should focus on investing financial resources into content creation rather than controlling content. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nonprofit and public sector organizations increasingly rely on social media platforms to strengthen their relationships with key stakeholders. Prior research, especially in the for-profit marketing field, indicates positive effects of customers’ engagement with brand-related social media content on their loyalty toward the brand. The present paper examines these effects in the experientially rich and transformative context of higher education institutions (HEI). Our conceptual model also comprises new potential antecedents relating to the specific context. The results from the structural equation modeling, based on responses from 764 students at a Swiss HEI, indicate significant yet small positive effects of students’ social media engagement (SME) on their loyalty. Positive word-of-mouth behavior and loyalty intentions are primarily influenced by identification with the university. Attitude toward the published content, perceived organizational reputation, and student integration significantly influenced SME, whereby the latter two antecedents showed only a weak effect. In conclusion, SME as a behavioral construct seems to be another expression of existing student loyalty rather than an effective tool to foster loyalty. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Incubators have been studied extensively in the private sector, such as those that engage in technological innovation or growing small businesses. The scholarship has not sufficiently explored the efforts of incubators in the non-profit sector that help create programs supporting, mentoring, and cultivating social entrepreneurs. There are numerous documented cases of non-profit organisations establishing initiatives that help motivated entrepreneurs achieve social change; but research is lagging in developing a systematic understanding of these effort's impact, and the factors associated with the success of non-profit initiatives that support social entrepreneurs. This paper seeks to understand the nature of non-profit organisations that support and cultivate social entrepreneurs. We rely on a unique data set from survey research on non-profit initiatives across three U.S. Census Regions. Results indicate that the characteristics of non-profit organisations vary in their reliance on a variety of revenue resources and governance arrangements, as well as in their diverse policy focus. They also provide an extensive and diverse set of services that supports the ideas and efforts of social entrepreneurs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study assessed the quantity and quality of food consumed by Australian Capital Territory and Perth women living in poverty from July to October 2017. Sixty-six women, recruited through charitable food organizations, participated in one-on-one interviews and 24-hr dietary recall. Overall, diet quality was poor. Daily energy intakes ranged between 96 kJ-11450 kJ. 75% of women consumed below the minimum energy requirement for their age. Daily serve recommendations and Estimated Average Requirements for calcium, iron and potassium were not met. Urgent action is needed from government, health, food, and community sectors to address the ongoing challenges faced by women experiencing food insecurity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Domestic violence experiences of Asian Indian marriage migrants are unique due to an interplay of distinct aspects of their life contexts in the United States, such as immigration status, language barriers, and social support. What gaps exist in state-level policies to address the needs and concerns of abused Asian Indian marriage migrants? This research examines the question with interviews of 11 nonprofit sector professionals working closely with Asian Indian women across five states – California, Texas, New York, New Jersey, and North Carolina. The findings indicate that five critical areas of policy interventions profoundly impact the experiences of abused Asian Indian marriage migrants as they begin their journey to live independently of the abuser. Examining the strengths and weaknesses of these policies highlights that future holistic interventions should be strengthened to support the creation of a safe and protective environment for abused Asian Indian marriage migrants to navigate their lives. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The traditional method of identifying non-profit competitors places those with similar objectives as forming the competitive set (looking inside out). This research provides a different perspective by looking at supporter behaviour and how this is shared across the non-profit sector (outside in). The research also applies the Duplication of Purchase law to a new context. Four data sets from the US and Australia highlight that the overlap of supporters at cause-based groupings (e.g. children versus animal focused) and brand level (e.g. World Vision versus RSPCA) is largely determined by supporter numbers. This supporter-centric analytic view can highlight key competitors and potential collaborators that would be missed using the traditional inside-out perspective. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Italy is famous worldwide for its co-operative sector, and this firm model has proven to be efficacious in redressing many social inequalities over the past two centuries. This paper aims to examine how local communities in diverse regions have adapted this traditional form to the contemporary trend of bottom-up community development processes. Furthermore, the paper compares the Italian initiatives with the international literature on community co-operatives and assesses to which extend similarities and differences are viewable. The qualitative analysis considers 7 co-operatives in various areas of Italy, and analyses result from 15 semi-structured interviews with managers. Findings show the intense work undertaken before the co-operatives' registration, the negotiation of purposes and objectives with external partners, how founder groups have a key role in determining each firm's approach to local development, and how further networks with external subjects are deeply influence the co-operatives' work. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Euro crisis prompted an extensive academic debate on the role of ordoliberalism, a German variant of neoliberalism, in the European crisis politics. This study contributes to the debate by reconstructing the ordoliberal ideology using Michael Freeden's morphological approach. The ordoliberal ideology consists of a common core of political concepts (order, competition, freedom, power, state and Ordnungspolitik), differently interpreted by its various currents. The article, based on selected works of representative ordoliberal authors, compares different currents and generations of ordoliberals. For the first generation, Walter Eucken's and Franz Böhm's Freiburg School, Wilhelm Röpke's sociological neoliberalism and Alfred Müller-Armack's Social Market Economy; for the second generation, Erich Hoppmann; for the third generation, Viktor Vanberg. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The theory of representative bureaucracy has provided an important yet limited framework for understanding exclusion in the public sector. This theoretical paper engages with critical approaches to argue for an expanded theory that centers social equity. Close attention to the relationship between the public and nonprofit sectors illuminates how public institutions protect and reproduce White, masculine space by shifting the burden of representation onto racially minoritized public administrators and community-based nonprofit organizations led by and for people of color. An expanded theory will (1) advance an understanding of both sectors as institutional spaces that protect Whiteness and impede full representation and (2) recognize the importance of the labor required to counter inequities and actively represent minoritized constituents. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Beginning explorations of civil society organisations (CSOs) from a democratic, political, or regulatory perspective potentially overlooks important aspects of CSO activity. Instead, this paper takes CSOs in action as its starting point – specifically, Australian CSOs responding to the needs of people and communities during the crisis of the COVID-19 coronavirus pandemic. Working between reflections by Australian CSO leaders during the pandemic and selected literature, a multi-grounded theory approach is used to produce a novel theoretical contribution – a typology of 10 distinct CSO activities. These 10 activities are divided into three categories: (1) The 'Big Three' activities – advocate systemically, deliver service and build capacity; (2) 'Business As Usual' activities – engage community, manage organisation and work collaboratively; and (3) 'Enabling' activities – conduct research, coordinate network, hold space and provide funding. The final three activities are revealed as being less integrated into the broader CSO literature than their more commonly explored counterparts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study explores boundary conditions for the two competing models—supplementary and complementary models—of government–nonprofit relationships within the context of Chinese environmental nongovernmental organizations (eNGOs). Analyses of 8 years of panel data and in-depth interviews reveal the following: First, while the complementary model effectively explains the relationship between government and environmental government-organized NGOs (eGONGOs), the sector size association between the government and civic eNGOs displays a pattern that combines supplementary and complementary models. Second, when predicting the sector size association between the government and civic eNGOs, the complementary model prevails when the government size is small while the supplementary model dominates when the government is large. Third, the complementary relationship persists for a longer duration under certain policy contexts, particularly in cases where direct registration policies are implemented. This study contributes to the literature by complementing recent endeavors to explore potential moderating or mediating effects of government–nonprofit relationship models. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the context of ensuring the well-being of citizens, the energy industry should predominantly adhere to the people-oriented approach. Investigation of citizen satisfaction through the lenses of power supply and societal demand is of utmost importance. This study constructs a satisfaction model based on expectancy disconfirmation theory, employs response surface analysis to explore the impact of matching degree between demand and supply on citizen satisfaction. The results show that citizen satisfaction is notably higher in case of a match between public expectations and supply quality compared to mismatch scenarios. Furthermore, instances involving both high public expectations and high supply quality, yield greater satisfaction compared to scenarios involving low public expectations and low supply quality. Importantly, citizen satisfaction experiences a dip when public expectations surpass supply quality, unlike situations where public expectations fall short of supply quality. Policy awareness does not moderate the effect of matching analysis on citizen satisfaction. This research enriches the scope of understanding the complex nature of public satisfaction, offering theoretical support for the high-quality development of power supply departments, catering to both energy needs and well-being of citizens. Thus, the current study significantly contributes to promoting the sustainable and high-quality development of the local social economy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article theorizes some consequences of skewing relational (care) labour into more transactional forms of marketized public service areas; with particular reference to contracted criminal justice services in England and Wales. The authors attribute this to an interplay of the incentives of the corporate sector and those of governments which form a collective 'artificial intelligence' promoting marketization. This creates unintended consequences. Whereas corporate incentive structures minimize transaction costs and optimize profit, recent UK governments have incentivized economic productivity over socially beneficial indicators in public services. The article finds that narrowly transactional calculations of value in the commissioning of care services may produce short-term fiscal incentives for commissioners (usually the state) and corporate suppliers and 'care resellers', but generate longer-term supply-side problems. The article concludes by signposting how more pluralistic forms of collaboration among government, commerce and third sectors can be differently—and more socially—conceived. There are lessons to be learned in the article for all capitalist economies. Governments marketize the delivery of care supposedly for reasons of economic efficiency or innovation. The authors theorize that marketization is, in fact, motivated by government incentives which increase transactional activity, creating the illusion of (economic) growth. This occurs at the cost of devaluing relational aspects of social care, with consequences for workers and users. The voluntary sector is especially construed as a domain where social productivity is supposedly reliant on strong relational values, and distanced from primarily transactional, profit-pursuant activity. Marketization of this sector presents a clear example of depreciating relational values relative to transactional economic activity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article critically assesses the economics discipline's capacity to capture the structural features and political economy implications of contemporary financial processes in the global South, with a particular focus on South Africa. Delving into the complexities of financial processes in South Africa, the article proposes an alternative, anti-disciplinary framework for understanding drivers and impacts of financial processes. We show how such an approach cannot simply be about adding social or political perspectives to mainstream economics, but rather about interrogating how we think about economic systems themselves, drawing on a variety of theoretical and disciplinary insights. This is about taking an open and holistic approach that centers history, power, structures, and social relations. With an issue such as finance, critical political economy approaches from a variety of disciplines allow us to see that finance cannot be separated from the wider economy or from the social relations it forms part of today and historically. This becomes particularly clear when considering how racial, gender and class relations both impact and are impacted by financial processes in South Africa. We conclude with recommendations for studies of changing financial processes globally and in the global South. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper sets out to analyse organisations in the Social and Solidarity Economy (SSE), working in the field of energy provision, and their contribution to the so-called energy transition from the perspective of social innovation. By showing the practical application of the concept of social innovation and its convergence and synergies with the SSE, we review the extent to which Basque Renewable Energy SSE alternatives are experiences that incorporate socially innovative elements. In addition, we study three cases through these approaches in order to observe the real and potential benefits that experiences based on social innovation can bring to energy transition. The main contribution of our research is to analyse the means by which certain initiatives are implemented through projects framed using the most prominent theoretical models focused on energy transition, social innovation and a social and solidarity-based economy, all aimed at achieving a low-carbon society.. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nonprofit organizations in the United States depend upon a diverse set of funding streams to sustain their operations. This study will consist of revisiting the 2011 Nonprofit Management and Leadership article "Nonprofit Sustainability During Times of Uncertainty," which examined the ability of nonprofits to leverage funds from the private sector during the 2008 economic downturn, with specific attention on how nonprofits incorporated board members and community leaders in continuing services during a time of resource scarcity. This 2011 study also received the journal's "Best of the 2010s" award. This current research expands upon that article by investigating the intersection between racial justice and nonprofit sustainability, as well as additional questions related to racial justice, through the utilization of a case study site, Gary, IN. Implications of the findings include the greater role community foundations play in sustaining nonprofits in diverse communities, as well as in facilitating broader social justice initiatives. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The rapid pace of urbanisation has resulted in challenges to the provision of civic infrastructure services. A number of systematic reviews have also been commissioned to understand the effectiveness of interventions carried out in different civic infrastructure sectors. This evidence summary synthesizes such reviews that have focused on the Low and Middle-Income Countries (LMIC). The water supply sector was prominent in these systematic reviews, followed by sanitation and electricity. Both access and quality outcomes have received equal attention of policy makers. In terms of interventions, physical infrastructure investment and urban planning interventions are seen to be the most widely studied areas. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Recreation practitioners in the public and non-profit sectors are key in supporting community residents' well-being through the facilitation of recreation programs and services; however, practitioners are working under the influence of neoliberalism governance, which challenges practitioners' ability to support low-income citizens' participation in recreation. Through the lens of neoliberalism, this paper aims to explore practitioners' challenges and strategies towards implementing recreation programs and services targeted at low-income citizens and discusses the implications it has on recreation programs and services for low-income citizens. Semi-structured phone interviews were conducted with 18 practitioners who design and implement recreation programs and access provisions for low-income citizens. Practitioners faced multiple constraints while employing a variety of solutions to deliver provisions to low-income citizens, including (1) Limited resources: doing more with less, (2) Spreading the word, and (3) Enhancing program access through program relocation, and (4) Reducing program costs. Facilitating access to and participation in recreation for low-income citizens is complex and requires multiple practitioner-led solutions that consider the broader structural factors of living in poverty. This study provides insight into the challenges practitioners experienced as they employed different strategies to support low-income citizens' participation in recreation, and more particularly, provides an understanding of how such strategies and challenges impact recreation programs and services for low-income citizens. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As current evolutions make the social economy increasingly visible and important, the paper examines the role of networking in social economy initiatives in strengthening their innovativeness capacities, and, thus, increasing their potential for societal transformation. Our analytical framework reflects the different clusters of networking relations within and outside social economy initiatives, as well as the roles of cognitive frames, skills and capacities, governance, activities, and funding under each of these networking clusters. This analysis is then applied in a particular social economy initiative, Cretamo, a consumers' cooperative operating a grocery store in Thessaloniki, Greece. The results indicate that Cretamo has developed in the central node of an eco-system of same-minded social enterprises in the agro-food sector, offering an alternative niche to the mainstream economic model. This has changed relations both within the initiative and in its networks, while, at the same time, allows for increased innovativeness capacities. Cretamo has not yet the power to challenge the existing mainstream regime. Yet, it offers a valid alternative niche, which, combined with the socio-economic crisis still experienced in Greece and expected to intensify in the future, creates strong potential for societal transformation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article explores the consequences of fusing market-based and social principles for how 'the social' and solidarity is understood. To do so, I turn to the recently formalized 'Social and Solidarity Economy'(SSE) in Greece. I conceptualize the SSE as a governmental mode of power that attempts to render social and market-based principles as commensurate. I claim this occurs through the codification and proliferation of what we may call 'hybrid-economic practices' – such as social impact measurement, and social innovation. Hybrid-economic practices fuse a utilitarian, efficiency-maximizing logic that weighs costs and benefits, with narratives of solidarity and collective social purpose. Based on a qualitative analysis of the SSE law in Greece and interviews with practitioners and policy-makers, I claim that fusing market-based and social principles come at the cost of depleting the political and ethical components of solidarity and 'the social.' Yet, rather than depoliticizing them, I argue hybrid-economic practices more appropriately transmute how solidarity and 'the social' is understood through three mutually constitutive processes: economization, entrepreneurialization, and communitarianization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Progressive Era, which occurred from the 1890s to the 1920s, was a crucial time in American history and capitalism. It was characterized by industrialization, immigration, and urbanization, which brought both benefits and challenges. The era aimed to address these challenges and create a more equitable society through state intervention and reforms. This symposium explores various aspects of the Progressive Era, including the academic trajectory of influential scholars, the creation of the Federal Reserve, the role of taxation in social policy reforms, arguments against child labor, and the importance of public hygiene. The era saw significant social, political, and economic reform, with movements advocating for labor rights, women's suffrage, public health, and education. The legacy of the Progressive Era continues to inspire modern-day movements for social progress and reform. [Extracted from the article]

Discrimination curtails equal opportunities of minority groups to participate in society. Although various studies reveal discrimination in access to human services, studies of nonprofit organizations are rare. This is surprising because nonprofits are essential providers of public services in many countries. We expect institutional features of the nonprofit sector to curb discrimination in access to public services, including nonprofit's social mission and financial non-distribution constraint. We implemented an audit study within long-term care facilities for older people (i.e., nursing homes) in Flanders (Belgium). We sent a request for admission information signed by either a Moroccan or a Belgian-sounding name to all Flemish nonprofit nursing homes, finding no evidence of discrimination in responses to our request. The absence of a profit motive, combined with a stronger sense of social mission, may account for the absence of ethnic discrimination in the nonprofit sector. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This symposium focuses on the relationship between financialization and the social economy, specifically examining the role of finance and financial markets in the lives of US households. Financialization refers to the growth and dominance of the financial system, extending beyond the financial sector itself to impact social relationships and households' economic decision-making. The articles in this symposium explore various aspects of financialization, including the economic precarity of US households, the concentration of asset management, and the potential for alternative financial institutions to mitigate dependence on private institutions. The papers also address racial disparities in access to financial infrastructure and the conflicts of interest within asset management firms. Overall, these articles provide valuable insights into the intersection of financialization, inter-household relationships, public policy, and households' financial security. [Extracted from the article]

Managers should not fear working in a unionized library. Unionization is higher in the nonprofit sector where managers do not feel the same economic pressures to maximize profits and to achieve the best possible results as in the corporate world. The union contract provides advantages including routinizing decisions, lessening the manager's ability to make bad decisions, providing another feedback loop, and improving employee morale by giving workers some control over their working conditions. While management seldom bargains away the right to make key decisions, the union normally establishes rules that strengthen due process in key areas like firing. Contract negotiation is a critical step where both sides work toward a mutually acceptable agreement. Before accepting a position in a unionized library, managers should ask about union relations and examine their own leadership style to determine if they can manage in an environment where cooperation and following due process are essential. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A multitude of sustainability assessment models exist relying on given sets of basic indicators. In this work we use an analytical model called shifted geometric mean (SGM), which is based on a set of mathematical postulates to perform sensitivity analysis. The purpose of this analysis is to find those indicators with the highest potential for sustainability improvement. This is done via a gradient method under a given budget constraint leading to a novel closed-form expression. The method is applied to 164 countries which are ranked accordingly and then the corresponding most influential indicators are found. Unsurprisingly, European countries, Australia and Uruguay top the list, whereas the bottom is occupied by Sub-Saharan African countries, Iraq, Afghanistan, Yemen and Haiti. However, the model revealed that Israel, South Korea and Singapore rank surprisingly low due to their poor environmental performance. For similar reasons, Romania and Bulgaria ranked above the USA. Finally, the model exposed the most important aspects in need of improvement, which for developing and low-income countries comprise the economy and social conditions. At the other end of the spectrum, developed countries need to improve their environmental performance. SGM augmented with sensitivity analysis can thus be a practical tool for sustainability decision-making. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper proposes a political economy of social conflict, institutional change and crises based on the diversity of perceived interests among social groups. The multidimensional conflict includes ideology, institutions, and politics. Social groups may be in a dominant or dominated position in one or the other dimension, and the nature of social conflict reflects the differences in positions of the various social groups in these dimensions. Political stability hinges on the existence of a dominant social bloc, i.e. a social alliance supporting the ruling political actors. The implementation of institutional change by political actors is driven by the search for support. Crisis situations correspond to the rupture of the dominant social bloc. Attempts to emerge from the crisis with the reconstitution of a dominant social bloc will have more or less chance of success depending on the possibility of finding a political strategy that can make the expectations of social groups with different perceived interests compatible. Using examples from the French and Italian economic and political situations in recent decades, we show how the proposed analytical framework can inform the study of institutional change in situations of social crisis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Based on ethnographic fieldwork carried out in a social clinic of solidarity on the outskirts of Athens, the article explores how modes and values of care are constantly reconfigured at the intersection of an ever-expanding grassroots voluntary medical sector, the state and the household in a moment of severe economic distress. It traces the changing relations of care across these three realms where diverse modes of care have traditionally unfolded. In suggesting that pharmaceuticals have become increasingly crucial to social, economic and political relations amongst citizens who can no longer afford health care, I show how in the Athenian context, the circulation, sharing and exchanging of pharmaceuticals reinforce collective social bonds and argue that domestic modes of care (frontida) have increasingly been informed by biomedical modes of care (iatriki perithalpsi) stemming from the intermittent availability and unavailability of pharmaceutical drugs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The London Birkbeck Schools represent a hitherto largely unexplored episode in the history of British education. They embody the contradictory faces of mid-nineteenth-century radical Liberalism and are of interest, first, because they were determinedly secular and pioneered what was for their time a novel and progressive pedagogy. Second, they had an explicit social purpose. 'Social economy'—the antithesis of the 'political economy' of the founders of the London Mechanics' Institute in whose lecture theatre the first school was established by William Ellis in 1848—was a central element of the curriculum. The schools and their values were contested. Their curriculum was attacked by the Church for its godlessness. Their teaching methods, advanced for the times, were lampooned by Dickens for being little better than the rote learning they challenged. Following the 1870 Elementary Education Act, some collapsed or were incorporated in Board schools, but others went 'up market' in competition with them. Only one school building remains nearly intact today, reflecting in its architecture some of the most progressive elements of Ellis's philosophy, but London streets and roads bearing Birkbeck's name mark the locations of schools long gone and the curriculum issues are rehearsed in present-day debates. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Master's Loan Scheme in England was initially designed to support widening access to postgraduate education. However, the general increase in the average fees has posed a risk of reducing these schemes' effectiveness in promoting social mobility, especially for debt adverse students. We use a multidisciplinary framework to build a model of postgraduate intentions to review the Fast Forward (FF) Master Scheme at the University of Greenwich in the UK. This framework underpinned the development of an online survey for this observational study. The results suggest that the FF allowed some graduates who, without the FF intervention, would have disregarded undertaking postgraduate taught studies (PGT) to consider studying for a PGT degree. Many of these graduates are from previously under-represented communities in the sector. We found that financial concerns could deter some students, but the intervention design allowed students to consider PGT study when they had a positive undergraduate experience. Alleviating the credit constraint may not be enough to widen access at the PGT level. Better information about PGT courses, more flexible delivery of PGT, and employment support, such as mentorship and work experience, and social and personal factors considerations could help widen access to PGT studies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Non Profit associations in Lebanon are governed by the 1909 Law of Associations, an Ottoman law predating the creation of the state that was based on the French law of associations. The main aim of this paper is to assess the extent to which the law offers an enabling environment for associations' development in Lebanon. Based on 15 interviews conducted with experts and activists in the field, the main argument this paper presents is that although the law itself is fair and supportive to associations, the vagueness of its wording and interference by Lebanese state government are hindering the development of associations in Lebanon. In other words, analyzing the Law of Associations as it is written is inadequate to comprehend the state of associations. Lebanon's historical, political and social context must be taken into account to shed light on the law's implementation. The paper argues that the absence of a comprehensive programme of action or a movement to defend the autonomy of association could be encouraging the state administration to interfere in associations' internal governance. Civil society has a long road ahead of it in order to reach full independence. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Limited-profit housing associations are established players in Vienna's housing market. The exorbitant rise in land and construction costs in recent years and increasing demand for affordable housing have far-reaching implications for the provision of affordable housing in Vienna. These developments are causing shifts not only in the housing market in general, but also within the nonprofit sector. This paper approaches these shifts at the level of limited-profit housing associations and examines a) which interpretations of affordability and related challenges can be found in the field of limited-profit housing, and b) which practices are applied in the provision of (affordable) housing. Empirically, the article draws on interviews with board members, managing directors and project developers from the limited-profit housing sector, which were conducted between 2020 and 2021. Finally, implications for the limited-profit sector in Vienna and for the provision of (affordable) housing are discussed. English title: The provision of affordable housing in times of the housing crisis. Interpretations and practices of the non-profit sector in Vienna [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article evaluates the major gaps in the state of the art regarding the socioeconomic literature on money. It examines current debates on the ontology of money and the concept of money as debt. It asserts the idea that money is essentially the result of a human cognitive property by means of which we establish a general measure of value that can be applied to valuing things, goods, or services. Money is the institutionlization of an abstract measure of value, not the object being measured, nor a tool for valuation. This article argues that understanding the social nature of money as a social institution is fundamental to comprehending the role it plays in organizing the economy and social life. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study investigates the strategies local governments can employ to stimulate the growth of the local social economy sector—a sector associated with improving residents' subjective well-being. Acknowledging the under-explored but potentially pivotal role of local government as a catalyst, our research uses an institutionalist lens—focusing on institutional work, support, and public-sector entrepreneurship—to examine how local governments can encourage the establishment of social economy organizations. We adopt a Partial Least Squares Model-Structural Equation Modeling approach to analyze data from 69 South Korean urban metropolitan local governments between 2018 and 2020. Our findings reveal a significant positive relationship between the regulatory, administrative, and intermediary support mechanisms implemented by local governments and the scale of the local social economy. By integrating public-sector entrepreneurship with institutional perspectives, our findings enrich existing literature and provide insight into the strategic initiatives local governments can adopt to foster social entrepreneurship. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The fact that industrial and commercial taxation in the Song dynasty greatly exceeded agricultural taxation was unprecedented in previous dynasties. This is mainly explained by the Song government's financial and economic policy which was dominated by industrial and commercial taxation, made good use of the laws and characteristics of market relations and the commodity economy in business operations, actively stimulated consumption and was clearly utilitarian. Under this policy, the rulers, in pursuit of huge profits, used state power and mobilized various resources to implement a monopolies system and a commercial tax system, which, in turn, helped develop the commodity money economy, expanded the scale of market exchange and promoted the high degree of development of the commodity economy of the time. The financial and economic policy of the Song dynasty showed the unique advantages of the imperial state's intervention in the economy. It was this that distinguished the Song dynasty from other dynasties in terms of the prosperity of the commodity and monetary economy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Paige Sweet's brilliant paper explores the psychodynamics of gendered racialized enactments and communications within the therapeutic processes of two clinical cases. The discussion of the analyst's dream material along with the classical writings of rivière and fanon on mascaraed and the mask. The author opens a new terrain in psychoanalytic discourse around the power differential between the known knowns of the analyst and the patient's experience of the analyst in their work. Culture, class, and the economies of social location become vibrant aspects of the work. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The literature on NGOs under authoritarian rule largely attributes NGOs' receipt of government grants to their political connections. This article presents an alternative explanation by asking the question: Does nonprofit organizational legitimacy influence the receipt of government grants under authoritarianism? Applying logit regression to 2,021 Chinese foundations, this article proposes that passing the nonprofit evaluation, which is one of the major certification programs in the country's nonprofit sector, is positively related to the probability of receiving government grants. Subsample analysis reveals that nonprofit evaluation is influential for the receipt of government grants primarily among foundations formally affiliated with government agencies. This article provides for the first time evidence that contemporary authoritarian regimes appreciate nonprofit organizational legitimacy, albeit still in a highly politicized manner. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We study a dual-product dynamic pricing problem for a remanufacturing system in which a manufacturer makes new and remanufactured products competing for a certain market share. The socially environmental incentives, consisting of consumers' environmentally conscious demand and governments' subsidy on remanufactured products, are considered in this study, which encourage the manufacturer to exert production effort toward environmentally friendly remanufacturing. Three models, namely, two-period, multi-period, and infinite-period scenarios, are formulated to investigate the dynamic pricing problem. Analytical results show that the government's subsidy policies, which provide subsidies to consumers or firms, have equivalent effects for the manufacturer in terms of production and profit. Consumers' environmental consciousness and government subsidy are effective incentives to induce the manufacturer to make more remanufactured products. Some threshold policies are proposed to provide decision supports for manufacturers to formulate pricing and production strategies. By comparing the pricing and production strategies of the three models, we find it interesting that the pricing and production strategies of the multi-period model can be ideally characterised by those of the two-period and infinite-period models. This managerial concept is valuable for manufacturers in formulating pricing and production strategies when the precise production planning horizon is unknown. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract Various forms of participatory action research (PAR) have in the past decades gained prominence in practice-oriented scholarship in pursuit of human liberatory causes. But this strand of research remains much less visible in the mainstream publications of nonprofit research. This article discusses PAR in relation to its concept, philosophy, methods, processes, validity and ethics. Then, it assesses its application in nonprofit settings, using examples from the authors’ experiences and the literature. The article then considers the prospects of using PAR in nonprofit research and makes a few suggestions for nonprofit practitioners and researchers interested in this approach. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Social innovation approach has been increasingly used by governments in delivery of public services, since the development of more and more complex societal challenges requires the establishment of new multi-actor implementation structures and arrangements. More recently, a call for a more robust analytical framework emerged in order to enable evaluation of the growing number and types of socially innovative practices implemented in different European contexts. This article takes up this challenge by assuming the governance perspective on social innovation, i.e. the establishment of new implementation arrangements in relations between the public and non-profit sectors. Drawing on the public governance literature, the article describes a three-step methodology with which to design and implement socially innovative oriented governance, and it illustrates an empirical application to the issue of refugee integration. The article argues that the proposed methodology is suitable both for assessing if and to what extent civil society organizations are actually involved in horizontal and cooperative relations with public actors when new implementation tasks are required, and for guiding scholars and practitioners in investigating what should be improved to achieve socially innovative governance within a public policy process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article is the second part of a discussion of what we term the 'centre-idea'. This idea, we argue, was fundamental to British modernist architecture and planning praxis from the mid-1940s onwards. It represented an active spatial environment in which people could develop their selves and their interests at a time of expanding democracy, which required new forms of community association. We locate this idea's roots in the pre-war British voluntary sector, specifically the activities of the Peckham Experiment and the Pioneer Health Centre which housed it, and evidence its long-term influence on post-war architecture and planning theorization. The article begins its discussion in wartime Britain and it traces how the 'centre-idea' was absorbed into the committees, plans and discussions which underpinned post-war reconstruction. It also documents how a CIAM dominated by Anglo-American theorists developed the idea into a particular understanding of, and approach to, modernist design and planning. These two strands are brought together in an analysis of their realization in a series of now state-sponsored projects, which include the Design Centre and the South Bank Arts Centre. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cultural and creative industries generate $2250b in revenue and 29.5 million jobs worldwide. The Museum sector is highly relevant among them and generates social value for society, taken to be the value created for stakeholder groups. However, the system used to measure their value generation is limited to visitor volume and revenues. Policymakers then assume that the role of those organisations is to generate profit or attract visitors. They produce financial-economic statements and provide further information on visitors and their type and satisfaction, but undoubtedly, museums generate far more than those aspects reflected in financial-economic statements. We selected a key group of museums in order to demonstrate the other aspects positively valued by museums stakeholders. After analysing 104 stakeholder-dialogue interviews, the aspects evidenced were as follows: museums are responsible businesses, generate value for a group of stakeholders, have agreed to establish a common stakeholder map, and museums could work better when aligned. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Organisational practices like mandatory practices, management practices, involvement in policy-advocacy-lobbying-networking practices and governance practices are considered healthy practices that contribute to organisational performance. This paper identifies some of the standard organisational practices of NGOs (N = 33) in Kerala State, India. From the study, it was evident that the NGOs were more into mandatory practices. The relation orientation of the Managerial leadership Behaviour showed a higher mean value of 2.8567 ± 0.49331SD than the task orientation. The study unravels the need for an updated policy in the voluntary sector and affirming the role of social work professionals in the organisation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Stakeholders' support is of vital importance to the success of many corporate social responsibility (CSR) programs. This study investigates the role of CSR communication in facilitating donation and generating positive attitudes towards corporations, by examining the interaction between stakeholders' personal prosocial motivations of supporting CSR programs and their attributions of the corporations' motives behind CSR. An online 2 × 2 factorial experiment with 373 participants found that personal belief-based altruistic motivations and the perceived social corporate motive will lead to the generalization of personal and organizational prosocial identities, stakeholders' identification with the corporation, and their positive attitude towards the corporation. The findings also attested to the interaction effect between stakeholders' prosocial motivations and the perceived CSR attributions on subsequent participation in stakeholder-support CSR programs. This study contributed to the existing CSR literature by revealing how corporate factors interact with personal factors to influence CSR outcomes and enriched our understanding of how stakeholder-support CSR programs could benefit for-profit and non-profit sectors at the same time. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]