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Objective: The objective of the study was to determine whether there exists any relationship between nocturia and anxiety in patients with Parkinson's disease (PD). Although the exact cause of anxiety and nocturia in PD is unknown, we hypothesized that there is a relationship between these two PD symptoms. Anxiety may exacerbate nocturia or an opposite relationship may be present in which nocturia may result in heightened levels of anxiety. Methods: Our study consisted of 314 PD patients, selected at random, and divided into groups based on the presence or absence of anxiety and nocturia. The occurrence of anxiety and nocturia was studied individually and collectively within these groups. Results: The study found a significant association between anxiety and nocturia primarily driven by all PD patients (P < 0.0001), with greater significance found for the male patients (P < 0.0001) than female patients (P = 0.021). Discussion: Based on these findings, we can conclude that anxiety and nocturia are not entirely independent symptoms in all PD patients. Thus, addressing anxiety may improve nocturia in PD or vice versa. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study was conducted to assess efficacy of biological control against bacterial leaf blight (BLB) of rice produced byXanthomonas oryzaepv.oryzae. Five endophytic strains (A1, A2, A3, A13 and A15) and two rhizospherialBacilli(D29 and H8) were tested for their antagonistic activities against BLBin vitro and in vivo. All seven strains showed high potential of antagonistic activity againstX. oryzaepv.oryzaeand three phytopathogenic fungiin vitro. Test of 16SrRNA gene sequence were assigned isolates A1, A3 and A13 asBacillus amyloliquefacienswhile isolates A2 and A15 asB.methylotrophicusandB. subtilis, respectively. In greenhouse, four strains of displayed 50.29%–57.86% inhibition rate against the pathogen and significantly increased plant fresh weight from 50.03% to 73.11% and dry weight from 64.11% to 86.65% in treated rice plants. In addition, these strains demonstrated strong capability to produce indole-3-acetic acid, siderophores, solubilizing phosphate and also colonize roots. Real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction revealed that expression of defense-related genes includingOsAOS2,OsJMT1,OsNPR1andOsPR1bwere significantly up-regulated in leaves of D29-exposed rice plants, suggesting that treatment of rice with D29 suppressed BLB through systemic activation of the plant defense system. Therefore, data suggest thatBacillusisolates A13, A15, D29 and H8 support effective antagonistic activity against BLB under greenhouse conditions in addition to their potential to promote growth of rice plants. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: One of the most common non-motor symptoms in Parkinson's disease (PD) is nocturia. This paper seeks to address the prevalence of nocturia in PD and correlate it to various factors such as gender, Hoehn and Yahr (H&Y) stage, age, and ethnicities. Methods: In particular, 332 PD patients were seen in a community movement disorders clinic and their charts were analyzed from 2005 to 2010. Within this population, more than one-third (34.9%) patients were diagnosed with nocturia. Results: Age, gender, and PD stage were significant predictors of nocturia in PD. With every one-year increase in age, the odds of developing nocturia in PD increases by 3.1% while an increase in H&Y stage increases the odds of nocturia in PD by 1.645 times. Also, males had greater odds of experiencing nocturia in PD. Ethnicities alone were of no significant importance. However, after performing interaction analyses, Asian and Indian males, especially, were at significantly greater risk than other ethnicities. Discussion: Future research is indeed required to understand why certain ethnicities are especially at risk. Clinicians must also be aware of the epidemiology of nocturia in PD to prevent and treat this debilitating symptom. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The hydrodistilled oils of the aerial parts of Artemisia armeniaca and Artemisia splendens have been analyzed by a combination of GC and GC/M S. The main components of A. armeniaca were a-pinene (41.9%) and 1,8-cineole (20.6%) followed by spathulenol (6.7%) and limonene (5.6%). 1,8-cineole(14.5%), germacrene D (14.3%), α-pinene (11.3%) and bicyclogermacrene (11.3%) were found to be the major constituents of A. splendens. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]