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Several subspecies and forms of Haliotis virginea Gmelin, 1791 have been recognised, with intergrading variants between many of them. Published genetic data recovered none of the named subspecies as both monophyletic and significantly divergent from one another. Conversely, specimens previously referred to H. virginea from Manawatāwhi Three Kings Islands formed a strongly supported, highly divergent, monophyletic clade, herein described as Haliotis pirimoana n. sp. This species differs subtly but consistently in having finer and more numerous spiral threads than H. virginea at an equivalent stage of growth. Haliotis crispata A. Gould, 1847, H. gibba R.A. Philippi, 1846, H. huttoni Filhol, 1880, H. virginea morioria A.W.B. Powell, 1938, and H. virginea stewartae M. Jones & B. Owen, 2004 are interpreted as synonyms of H. virginea. Neotypes are designated for H. crispata and H. huttoni. ZooBank article LSID: urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:C0F24F1D-E531-40A7-AAB6-932086847DD7 [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The generic assignment of ‘Broderipia’ eximia has been problematic in the past, and here we propose a new trochid genus Akoyazara n. gen. for it and compare this with Broderipia. The type species of both genera have limpet-shaped shells, but they differ from each other in shell height, external shell sculpture, shell colour pattern, length of epipodial tentacles, shape of the cutting edge of the radular teeth, the presence or absence of a sensory organ at the base of each epipodial tentacle and a genitalia-like projection on the right side of the head. The strong radial ribs on the external shell surface of Akoyazara eximia are suggested to be an adaptation to highly exposed shores. The depressed limpet-shaped shell of Broderipia iridescens is likely to be adaptive, allowing access to narrow spaces in pits carved from rock, which have been bored and occupied by the sea urchins with which they live. Broderipia nitidissima is also transferred to Akoyazara (n. comb.), and this new genus currently includes only two species. New lectotypes of the type species of Broderipia, B. rosea and B. iridescens are designated herein based on specimens in the collection of the Natural History Museum, London. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A new genus and species of the Osteopeltidae that is restricted to decaying baleen is described from 377 to 1042 m depth off mainland New Zealand, the Chatham Islands and the Auckland Islands. ZooBank registration: [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This revision addresses two Southern Hemisphere genera in the family Buccinidae. Buccipagoda kengrahami (Ponder, 1982) and B. ponderi n. sp. are recognised from off southern Australia and B. achilles n. sp. from off New Zealand. Sagenotriton n. gen. is introduced for S. ajax n. sp. from off New Zealand, and S. bathybius (Bouchet & Warén, 1986) and S. bonaespei (Barnard, 1963) from off South Africa. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We describe a new, morphologically distinct species of Penion found off the Three Kings Islands, Middlesex and King banks, and Cape Reinga, in the far north of New Zealand. http://www.zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:573BCBA0-1FFB-490D-8AEF-AC156354E48B [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Eight species of terrestrial Mollusca are recorded from Early–Middle Miocene sediments from palaeolake Manuherikia, near St Bathans, central Otago, New Zealand. Five new charopid species are described inCavelliaIredale, 1915,CharopaMartens, 1860 andFectolaIredale, 1915, a new genusDendropa, based on the Recent speciesFlammulina pilsbryiSuter, 1894,NeophenacohelixCumber, 1961, which is resurrected from synonymy underPhenacohelixSuter, 1892, and two new species of punctid are described inParalaomaIredale, 1913 andAtactolaoman. gen. All genera involved are endemic to New Zealand and are the first pre-Quaternary records. A rhytidid is also recorded, which, though indeterminable, is the earliest record of the family. The three other confirmed pre-Quaternary (Late Pliocene) records of land snails are briefly discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An introduction is presented wherein the author discusses articles within the issue, including the thoughts and feelings of author Flannery O'Connor from family to immigration policy, O'Connor's notions of family in relation to critical race theory, and the sources of humor in family life.

Three new species of Venustatrochus Powell, 1951 Powell, A.W.B. (1951) Antarctic and subantarctic Mollusca: Pelecypoda and Gastropoda. Discovery Reports 26, 47-196. doi: 10.5962/bhl.part.16335, V. eclectus n. sp., V. galateae n. sp. and V. youngi n. sp. are described from New Zealand, and Calliostoma (Benthastelena) malaita Vilvens, 2009 from the Solomon Islands and Norfolk Ridge and C. atlantis Clench & Aguayo, 1940 from off Cuba are referred to the genus. The radula of the type species of Otukaia, O. kiheiziebisu (Otuka, 1939), is illustrated, and O. ikukoae Sakurai, 1994 is resurrected from synonymy under O. kiheiziebisu and transferred to Tristichotrochus Ikebe, 1942. Benthastelena Iredale, 1936, Fautor Iredale, 1924 and Maurea Oliver, 1926 are each assigned genus rank in Calliostomatinae, and Alertalex Dell, 1956 is treated as a subgenus of Maurea. The South American species Otukaia chilena (Rehder, 1971) and O. delli (McLean & Andrade, 1982), the western subantarctic species O. eltanini Dell, 1990 and Calliostoma muriellae Vilvens, 2001 from Madagascar are referred to Maurea. Otukaia crustulum Vilvens & Sellanes, 2006 is referred to Calliotropis L. Seguenza, 1903 (Calliotropidae). Six new species of Falsimargarita Powell, 1951 are described--F. callista n. sp., F. challengerica n. sp., F. eximia n. sp. and F. tangaroa n. sp., from New Zealand, F. kapala n. sp. from southeastern Australia, and F. coriolis n. sp. from New Caledonia. Calliostoma atlantoides Quinn, 1992 and C. coronatum Quinn, 1992 from off the Lesser Antilles and Brazil, respectively, are referred to Falsimargarita. Phenacomargarites n. gen. is introduced for P. williamsae n. sp. from the Solomon Islands, and P. incomptus n. sp. and P. titan n. sp. from the New Zealand region. Phenacomargarites, Falsimargarita, Selastele Marshall, 1995 and Fautrix Marshall, 1995 are referred to subfamily Fautricinae Marshall, 1995 (elevated from tribe level). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The New Zealand freshwater mussels are taxonomically revised and compared with key Australian and South American taxa using DNA sequence data. Three living species are recognised:Echyridella menziesii, Echyridella aucklandicaandEchyridella onekaka. Cucumerunio websteri websteriandCucumerunio websteri delli, are treated as junior synonyms ofUnio aucklandica, which is transferred fromCucumerunio(andHyridella) toEchyridella. Lectotypes are designated forUnio waikarensisandUnio hochstetteri, which are illustrated together with primary type specimens of other relevant taxa. The type locality ofU. aucklandicais restricted to the catchment of the Kawakawa River. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Murexsul espinosus(Hutton, 1885), based on Pliocene fossils from Hawkes Bay and Palliser Bay, is recorded for the first time in Recent faunas off East Cape and Mahia Peninsula. Other taxa with similar distribution patterns off the south-eastern North Island are briefly discussed:Cominella excoriataFinlay, 1926,C. tolagaensisPonder, 1968,Buccinulum fuscozonatum(Suter, 1908) andB. colensoi(Suter, 1908). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article presents an obituary for molluscan palaeontologist Phillip Alan Maxwell.

The common littoral and shallow sublittoral New Zealand species hitherto identified as Marginella pygmaea Sowerby, 1846 and M. mustelina Angas, 1871, and a Kermadec Islands species similar to M. mustelina, are considered to be specifically distinct from Australian type material of these taxa. Marginella pygmaea is interpreted as a synonym of the Australian species Mesoginella turbinata (Sowerby, 1846) and the New Zealand species is described as new, together with a similar sympatric species. A New Zealand specimen is selected as neotype of Marginella fasciata Sowerby, 1846, which becomes the name for M. mustelina of authors, and the similar Kermadec Islands species is described as new. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An obituary is presented for Beryl Rawson, a professor of ancient history at the Australian National University.

Secondary sexual dimorphism can make the discrimination of intra and interspecific variation difficult, causing the identification of evolutionary lineages and classification of species to be challenging, particularly in palaeontology. Yet sexual dimorphism is an understudied research topic in dioecious marine snails. We use landmark-based geometric morphometric analysis to investigate whether there is sexual dimorphism in the shell morphology of the siphon whelkPenion chathamensis. In contrast to studies of other snails, results strongly indicate that there is no difference in the shape or size of shells between the sexes. A comparison ofP. chathamensisand a related species demonstrates that this result is unlikely to reflect a limitation of the method. The possibility that sexual dimorphism is not exhibited by at least some species ofPenionis advantageous from a palaeontological perspective as there is a rich fossil record for the genus across the Southern Hemisphere. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

Contrary to the conclusion reached by Beu and Marshall in this journal last year, Neptunea (Austrofusus) nodosa Martyn, 1784 was one of the species originally included in Austrofusus when it was first established by Kobelt in 1879, so the subsequent type species designation by Martens in 1882 is valid, and Austrofusus is the correct genus to use for Drupa glans Röding, 1798. The genus for the South American taxa incorrectly referred to Austrofusus by Beu and Marshall, and currently in Aeneator Finlay, 1926, remains to be established. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A freshwater limpet, Latia manuherikia n. sp., is described from lacustrine beds of the Early-Middle Miocene lower Bannockburn Formation (Manuherikia Group), near St Bathans, Central Otago, southern New Zealand. The new species is the first fossil record of Latia, as well as the first record of the genus from the South Island. Latia is closely related to South American genus Chilina Gray, 1828, and the two groups presumably have a vicariant Gondwanan origin. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article discusses various reports on the works of molluscan palaeontologist Phillip Alan Maxwell published within the issue.

The designation of Drupa glans Róding, 1798 as type species for Austrofusus Kobelt, 1879 that has been accepted up until now in New Zealand is invalid, because that species was not an originally included species. Cossmann (1901) validly designated Fusus alternatus Philippi, 1847 (= Fusus fontainei d'Orbigny, 1841) as the type species of Austrofusus, so Austrofusus should be used for the South American buccinulid gastropods usually classified in Aeneator. Austrofusus must be replaced in New Zealand usage by Aethocola Iredale, 1915. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Comparison of type specimens and additional material reveals that the poorly known taxon Ischnochiton granulifer Thiele, 1909 described from an unspecified locality in New Zealand, is specifically distinct from Ischnochiton luteoroseus Suter, 1907 with which it had been synonymised. The two species are redescribed and their distributions detailed. They are strongly allopatric off the north-eastern North Island of New Zealand and the sub-Antarctic islands south of New Zealand respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The twenty Recent species of the muricid subfamily Coralliophilinae known from the New Zealand region are recorded and illustrated. The following eight species are reported for the first time from New Zealand: Babelomurex nakamigawai (Kuroda, 1959), Coralliophila sp. aff. sertata, C. solutistoma Kuroda & Shikama in Shikama, 1966, Hirtomurex marshalli Oliverio, 2008, Latiaxis pilsbryi Hirase, 1908, Leptoconchus sp., Mipus matsumotoi Kosuge, 1985 and Rhizochilus sp. cf. antipathum Steenstrup, 1850. The species previously recorded as Neothais clathrata (A. Adams, 1854) from New Zealand is actually Coralliophila squamosissima (E.A. Smith, 1876). Two new species are described from bathyal depths: Hirtomurex tangaroa n. sp., and Hirtomurex taranui n. sp. Four species (Coralliophila sertata (Hedley, 1903), C. sp. aff. sertata, Hirtomurex tangaroa n. sp. and H. taranui n. sp.) are restricted to the South-West Pacific, with the latter three possibly endemic to the New Zealand region. All the New Zealand species have planktotrophic development, and 60% of them live in deep water. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The systematics of Notoacmea Iredale, 1915 have been confused because of their highly variable shells. We used DNA sequences from a mitochondrial gene (COI) and a nuclear gene (ITS1) to define the species boundaries among New Zealand Notoacmea species, using the allied genus Patelloida Quoy & Gaimard, 1834 as outgroup. Phylogenetic trees of 195 individuals showed 14 well-supported, reciprocally monophyletic clades, which we treat as species: N. badia Oliver, 1926, N. cellanoides Oliver, 1926, N. daedala (Suter, 1907), N. elongata (Quoy & Gaimard, 1834), N. parviconoidea (Suter, 1907), N. pileopsis (Quoy & Gaimard, 1834), N. scapha (Suter, 1907), N. scopulina Oliver, 1926, N. sturnus (Hombron & Jacquinot, 1841), N. subantarctica Oliver, 1926, Patelloida cortica (Hutton, 1880) and three new Notoacmea species, N. potae, N. rapida, and N. turbatrix, which are described here. Of the above names, N. daedala and N. subantarctica are resurrected from synonymy. Notoacmea helmsi (E.A. Smith, 1894) and N. virescens Oliver, 1926 are interpreted as synonyms of N. elongata. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Recent Pectinoidea of the New Zealand region are reviewed. Eight new species are described from the New Zealand Exclusive Economic Zone: Parvamussium cancellorum, Cyclochlamys austrina, Cc. delli, Cc. irregularis, Cc. munida, Cc. pileolus, Cyclopecten fluctuosus, and Catillopecten tasmani. Nine species are new records for New Zealand: Parvamussium retiolum Dijkstra, 1995, Pa. vesiculatum Dijkstra, 1995, Sinepecten segonzaci Schein, 2006, Ciclopecten fluctuatus (Bavay, 1905), Pseudamussium challengeri (E.A. Smith, 1891), Spondylus occidens G.B. Sowerby III, 1903, S. proneri Lamprell & Healy, 2001, S. sparsispinosus Dall, Bartsch & Rehder, 1938, and S. jamarci Okutani, 1983. Cyclochlamys bacata and Cc. wanganellica are described from Wanganella Bank, West Norfolk Ridge, and Cyclopecten textus from the Lord Howe Rise. We provide new distribution records for Catillopecten murrayi (E.A. Smith, 1885), Spondylus asperrimus G.B. Sowerby II, 1847 and S. proneri in the south-west Pacific. Cyclopecten aupouria Powell, 1937 and Cp. mestayerae Dell, 1956 are newly referred to genus Cyclochlamys Finlay, 1926; Pecten challengeri E.A. Smith, 1891 is referred to Pseudamussium Morch, 1853. Bathypecten Schein-Fatton, 1985 is newly synonymised with Catillopecten Iredale, 1939; and Chlamys consociata E.A. Smith, 1915 is newly synonymised with Talochlamys dichroa (Suter, 1909). Brooding is recorded for the first time in Cyclochlamys, and is also the first record in Propeamussiidae. Pronounced sculptural change in response to settlement of sponge on the shell is recorded in Talochlamys dichroa and Zygochlamys delicatula. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Micromolluscs are small-sized molluscs (< 5 mm), and include the great majority of undescribed molluscan taxa. Such species require special collecting, sorting and handling techniques and different storage requirements to those routinely used for larger specimens. Similarly, the preparation of shells, opercula, radulae and animals poses some challenges for scanning electron microscopy (SEM). An overview of experiences with various techniques is presented, both positive and negative. Issues discussed include those relating to storage of dry specimens and interaction of specimens with glass, gelatine and paper products, handling techniques and storage in various fluids. Techniques for cleaning shells for SEM are described and compared, as well as those for radular extraction. The interactions of chemicals used for the dissolution of tissue with calcareous micromolluscs are described. Methods for handling and mounting small radulae for SEM are detailed and brief guides to SEM and light photography are given. An appendix listing details of frequently-used chemicals is provided. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Klebyella minuta Bandel, Grúndel & Maxwell, 2000, originally described as a Jurassic marine gastropod of the Turbinidae (Liotiinae), is shown to be based on a shell of a Recent terrestrial pulmonate and referred to Mocella Iredale, 1915 [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Echyridella McMichael & Hiscock, 1958 is elevated to genus level on the basis of our interpretation of published molecular data. A new species of freshwater mussel, Echyridella onekaka, is described from the north-western South Island of New Zealand. Diplodon menziesi lucasi Suter, 1905 is resurrected from synonymy under E. menziesii (Gray, 1843) as a distinct species of Echyridella. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Four new species of monoplacophorans are described from deep water in the New Zealand region: a new species of Rokopella (Neopilinidae) from the Chatham Rise, and a new Vema (Neopilinidae) and two new Micropilina species (Micropilinidae) from off the north-western North Island. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Unio zelebori Dunker in Dunker & Zelebor, 1866, long accepted as being of New Zealand origin and a synonym of Hyridella (Echyridella) menziesii (Gray, 1843), is based on mislocalised specimens of the southern African fresh-water mussel Cafferia caffra (Krauss, 1848). A syntype of U. zelebori is illustrated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]