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The role of subcutaneous (SC) rituximab in the efficacy and safety to non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) is not clear enough. The purpose of this study was to conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis, to assess the efficacy and safety of subcutaneous rituximab to NHL. A full-scale search was carried out based on the set search terms in PubMed, Web of Science, Embase and Cochrane CENTRAL until 12 October 2022 to identify relevant studies of subcutaneous rituximab for NHL. The efficacy and safety outcomes included complete response (CR) plus unconfirmed complete response (CRu), adverse events (AEs), grade ≥3 AEs, serious adverse events (SAEs), administration-related reactions (ARRs), adverse reaction rates. From a total of 758 studies, 9 trials were eligible. The CR/CRu of patients with NHL receiving SC rituximab was 57%, 55% for Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) and 54% for Follicular lymphoma (FL). The meta-analysis performed on safety demonstrated that AEs of NHL patients with SC rituximab was 85%, grade ≥3 AEs was 38%, SAE was 27% and ARR was 33%. The result also showed that SC rituximab had a high risk of neutropenia and nausea. For NHL patients, there is no significant difference in the efficacy between subcutaneous rituximab and conventional therapy, while subcutaneous injection can shorten exposure time in the hospital and reduce the risk of infection. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Lycium ruthenicum is a characteristic plant resource in Northwest China. The fruit with high anthocyanin content is the main reason for its high nutritional value and economic value, while the regulation of key genes regulating anthocyanin biosynthesis in black fruit is not clear. In this study, high-throughput sequencing technology was used to compare the expression differences of all genes in black and purple fruits. The purple samples obtained 45.13 and 51.49 M Raw reads, while the black fruit samples measured 53.85 and 47.38 M Raw Reads. After splicing and assembly, 162,842 transcripts were obtained after removing redundant and duplicated results. Homology comparison of all predicted proteins found that 36,978 (22.43%) genes in Lycium ruthenicum were homologous to Solanum tuberosum, followed by 24,459 (14.84%) genes were homologous to Capsicum annuum. Overall, 3685 genes were up-regulated in purple fruit, 2837 genes were down-regulated in purple fruit, and the remaining 156320 genes were not differentially expressed in black and purple fruit. Through homology comparison of anthocyanin biosynthesis and metabolism structure genes in Lycium ruthenicum, 63 homologous genes, 4 MYB transcription factors and 5 bHLH transcription factors were screened. LrAN2p (909 bp) in purple fruit was 136 bp more upstream of 'ATG' than LrAN2 (774 bp) in black fruit. Three highly expressed copies of bHLH transcription factors AN1b with different lengths were screened in black fruit, but they were almost not expressed in purple fruit. This study possibly identified the major LrAN1b genes regulating the black fruit trait. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Effective management of municipal solid waste (MSW) is critical for urban planning and development. This study aims to develop an integrated type 1 and type 2 fuzzy sets chance-constrained programming (ITFCCP) model for tackling regional MSW management problem under a fuzzy environment, where waste generation amounts are supposed to be type 2 fuzzy variables and treated capacities of facilities are assumed to be type 1 fuzzy variables. The evaluation and expression of uncertainty overcome the drawbacks in describing fuzzy possibility distributions as oversimplified forms. The fuzzy constraints are converted to their crisp equivalents through chance-constrained programming under the same or different confidence levels. Regional waste management of the City of Dalian, China, was used as a case study for demonstration. The solutions under various confidence levels reflect the trade-off between system economy and reliability. It is concluded that the ITFCCP model is capable of helping decision makers to generate reasonable waste-allocation alternatives under uncertainties. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Influenza-Like Illness is a leading cause of hospitalization in children. Disease burden due to influenza and other respiratory viral infections is reported on a population level, but clinical scores measuring individual changes in disease severity are urgently needed. Areas covered: We present a composite clinical score allowing individual patient data analyses of disease severity based on systematic literature review and WHO-criteria for uncomplicated and complicated disease. The 22-item ViVI Disease Severity Score showed a normal distribution in a pediatric cohort of 6073 children aged 0-18 years (mean age 3.13; S.D. 3.89; range: 0 to 18.79). Expert commentary: The ViVI Score was correlated with risk of antibiotic use as well as need for hospitalization and intensive care. The ViVI Score was used to track children with influenza, respiratory syncytial virus, human metapneumovirus, human rhinovirus, and adenovirus infections and is fully compliant with regulatory data standards. The ViVI Disease Severity Score mobile application allows physicians to measure disease severity at the point-of care thereby taking clinical trials to the next level. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Currently mechanisms for the onset of the widespread aeolian dust accumulation in the Chinese Loess Plateau since 8–7 Ma remain elusive. In this study, we compile 11 records of climate (14–7 Ma) and tectonic activity of the Tibetan Plateau and its adjacent areas (15–6 Ma). The results suggest that strong tectonic activity in the northeastern Tibetan Plateau has produced massive debris and dust, which was deposited in the piedmont basins and reworked by weathering and fluviolacustrine erosion. At the same time, global cooling and uplift of the Tibetan Plateau over the period of 14–7 Ma intensified the East Asian winter monsoon and westerly winds (westerlies) while weakening the Asian summer monsoon, which led to the spread of dry land vegetation and aridification in interior China. Sediments in the piedmont basins were then exposed in the aridity and transported by the westerlies to the Chinese Loess Plateau and the North Pacific. We suggest that tectonic activity in the northeastern Tibetan Plateau and shifting global climate together triggered the widespread aeolian dust accumulation in the Chinese Loess Plateau and the North Pacific since 8–7 Ma. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

Presents the nonhomogeneous Poisson process called the power law process which is used to model the failure times of repairable systems. Description of a formula translation (FORTRAN) program; Program operation.