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(–)-5-Methylmellein (1) and its new dimer (2) were isolated from cultures of the basidiomycete Inonotus sinensis. Their structures were elucidated on the basis of extensive spectroscopic methods including UV, IR, HR-EI-MS, 1D NMR and 2D NMR. The structure of Compound 2 was determined by single-crystal X-ray crystallographic analysis. Compound 2 was tested for the cytotoxicities against five human cancer cell lines. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Two undescribed disubstituted pyridine derivatives irpexidines A and B (1 and 2) and two undescribed alkylfuran derivatives irpexins K and L (3 and 4) were isolated from fermentation broth of Irpex lacteus. Their structures were established by extensive spectroscopic methods. The pyridine derivatives from this fungus were reported for the first time. The new compounds were evaluated for their cytotoxicity against Hela cancer cell and inhibitory activity on NO production. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Two new tremulane-type sesquiterpenes, irlactin L (1) and irlactin M (2) were isolated from cultures of the fungus Irpex lacteus, together with one known compound, 6-hydroxy-2,6-dimethyloct-7-enoic acid (3). Their structures were elucidated by spectroscopic data analysis. Compounds 1–2 were tested for their cytotoxicities against five human cancer cell lines and for their inhibitory activities against isozymes of 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenases (11β-HSD). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Two new compounds, daedatrin K (1) and 2-hydroxy-1-(5-(hydroxymethyl)furan-2-yl)propan-1-one (2), were isolated from cultures of the basidiomycetes Daedaleopsis tricolor. The new structures were elucidated on the basis of extensive spectroscopic methods. At the same time, two compounds were tested for their cytotoxicities against five human cancer cell lines. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

One previously undescribed chromone (S)-5-hydroxyl-2-(1-hydroxyethyl)-7-methylchromone (1) and one known analogue (2), as well as four known sativene-type sesquiterpenoids bipolenins A‒C (3‒5), were isolated from cultures of the endophytic fungus Bipolaris eleusines. Their structure were elucidated by extensive spectroscopic methods and the data comparison with those reported in the literature. Compounds 1 and 2 showed weak inhibitory activities against Staphylococcus aureus subsp. aureus with the inhibition rates of 56.3 ± 0.48 and 32 ± 1.27%, respectively, at the concentration of 128 μg/mL. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Two highly oxygenated ergosterols, (22E,24R)-3β,5α,6β,9α,14α,25-hexhydroxyergosta-7,22-diene (1), and (22E,24R)-3β,5α,6β,14α,25-pentahydroxyergosta-7,9(11),22-triene (2), together with two known ones, have been isolated from cultures of the basidiomycete Conocybe siliginea. Their structures were elucidated on the basis of extensive spectroscopic means. Two new compounds (1 and 2) were tested for their nitric oxide synthase inhibitory activities. However, none of them showed any activity (IC50 > 40 μM). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The first chain-Like vibralactone derivative, vibralactone Z4 (1), together with three known ones (2–4), were isolated from cultures of the basidiomycete Boreostereum vibrans. Vibralactone Z4 (1) is likely to be a key intermediate from 3 to 4 in their biosynthetic pathway. It showed a weak cytotoxicity to human cancer cell line SW480 (IC50 29.2 ± 1.38 μM). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Three new vibralactone derivatives, namely vibralactones U–W (1–3), together with vibralactone (4), have been isolated from cultures of the basidiomycete Boreostereum vibrans. Their structures were determined on the basis of spectroscopic methods and literature data. All compounds showed no activities to five human cancer cell lines. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A new lupane triterpenoid, 23-O-trans-feruloylcylicodiscic acid (1), as well as four known analogues (2‒5), was isolated from the EtOAc fraction of Menyanthes trefoliata. The structure of compound 1 was elucidated on the basis of extensive spectroscopic analysis, including 2D NMR data. The structures of the known compounds were established by comparison of their spectroscopic data with that in the literature. Compounds 1, 2, and 4 exhibited certain anti-NO production activities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A new guaiane sesquiterpene (1) was isolated from cultures of the fungus Fulvifomes kanehirae. Its structure was elucidated by spectroscopic methods including extensive 2D-NMR techniques. Meanwhile, the compound was tested for its inhibitory activity against isozymes of 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenases (11β-HSD). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A new tremulane sesquiterpenoid, named irlactam A (1), was isolated from cultures of the fungus Irpex lacteus. The new structure was elucidated by spectroscopic data analysis. The compound was tested for its cytotoxicities on HL-60, SMMC-7721, A-549, MCF-7, and SW480 cells and for its inhibitory activity against isozymes of 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenases (11β-HSD). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Two new sesquiterpenes, daedaleanols A (1) and B (2), together with three known sesquiterpenes (3-5), were isolated from cultures of the basidiomycete Daedalea incana. Their structures were elucidated on the basis of extensive spectroscopic means. All compounds were tested for their cytotoxicities against three human cancer cell lines. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A new cadinane sesquiterpenoid, named panutorulon A (1), was isolated from cultures of the basidiomycete Panus conchatus. The new structure was elucidated by means of spectroscopic methods. Compound 1 was tested for its cytotoxicity against five human cancer cell lines and for its inhibitory activity against isozymes of 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenases (11β-HSD). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Two new polyols, (2E,4E)-octa-2,4-diene-1,6,7-triol (1) and (E)-7,8-dihydroxyoct-5-en-2-one (2) were isolated from cultures of the basidiomycete Daedaleopsis tricolor. Their structures were elucidated by spectroscopic methods including extensive 2D NMR techniques. Two compounds showed no significant activity against five human cancer cell lines. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Three cyclic dipeptides (1–3), including one new compound (1) were isolated from cultures of the basidiomycetesCoprinus plicatilis. Their structures were elucidated by spectroscopic methods, including extensive 2D NMR techniques. At the same time, all compounds were tested for their cytotoxicities against five human cancer cell lines. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

Two rare types of 4,6-dimethyl-3,4-dihydrochromen-2-one derivatives, named cralactones A and B (1and2), were isolated from the culture broth ofCraterellus odoratus. The structures of the new ones were established on the basis of extensive spectroscopic analysis, and it was found that the new compounds did not show pancreatic lipase inhibitory activity. Compounds1and2are the first examples of 4,6-dimethyl-3,4-dihydrochromen-2-one. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

One new lignan, fructusol A (1), and one new thiazine derivative, 2-hydroxy-xanthiazone (2), along with eight known ones, were isolated from the seeds of Xanthium strumarium. The structures of new compounds were elucidated on the basis of extensive spectroscopic methods. Meanwhile, compounds 1–3 were tested for their antifungal activities against Candida albicans (ATCC 10231) in vitro. No one showed obvious inhibitions (MIC90 > 128 μg/ml). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Studies of the fermentation broth of fungus Antrodiella gypsea led to the isolation of a new bisabolane-type sesquiterpenoid that was named gypseatriol (1), together with the known compound 2,10-dodecadiene-1,6,7-triol (2). The structure of this new metabolite was assigned by analysis of 2D NMR and HR-EI-MS. Absolute configuration was assigned by single crystal X-ray diffraction analysis. Compound 1 was evaluated for its antifungal activity on Candida albicans. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

Two new sesquiterpenoids, trefoliol B (1) and trefoliol C (2), together with known echinocidin A (3), were isolated from cultures of the basidiomycetesTremella foliacea.The new structures were elucidated on the basis of extensive spectroscopic methods. At the same time, trefoliol B (1) and echinocidin A (3) were tested for their cytotoxicities against five human cancer cell lines and for their inhibitory activities against isozymes of 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenases (11β-HSD). No compound showed significant activity (IC50> 40 μM). Compound1showed moderate inhibitory activities against 11β-HSD1 (human IC50 = 13.1 μM; mouse IC50 = 91.8 μM). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Four new polycylic alkaloids, lucidimine A–D, were isolated from the fruiting bodies ofGanoderma lucidum. Their chemical structures were established based on 1D and 2D NMR data as well as HREIMS/HRESIMS analyses. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

Chemical investigation on the cultures ofPhellinus tuberculosusandLaetiporus sulphureuslead to the isolation of two new illudin-type sesquiterpenoids (phellinuin J and sulphureuine A). Their structures were elucidated by 1D, 2D NMR and MS spectroscopic data. These compounds were purposely evaluated for their cytotoxicity against HL-60, SMMC-7721, A549, MCF-7, and SW480 cell lines. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

Two new 3,4-seco-lanostane-type triterpenes, named as 15α-hydroxy-3,4-seco-lanosta-4(28),8,24-triene-3,21-dioic acid (1), 5α-hydroxy-3,4-seco-lanosta-4(28),8,24-triene-3,21-dioic acid 3-methyl ester (2), and one new lanostane triterpene 15α-acetoxylhydroxytrametenolic acid (3) together with a known one versisponic acid D (4) were isolated from the fruiting bodies ofLaetiporus sulphureusvar.miniatus. Their structures were determined on the basis of extensive spectroscopic methods and comparison with reported data. All four compounds were evaluated for their cytotoxicities against five human cancer cell lines; however, none exhibited inhibitory effects. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

Two new triterpenoids, (24E)-9α,11α-epoxy-3β-hydroxylanosta-7,24-dien-26-al (1) and (22Z,24Z)-13-hydroxy-3-oxo-14(13 → 12)abeo-lanosta-8,22,24-trien-26,23-olide (2) were isolated from dried fruiting bodies of fungusGanoderma lucidum. The structures of these two new compounds were elucidated on the basis of extensive spectroscopic analyses. Compound1possessed a lanostane skeleton, while compound2was based on a rare 14 (13 → 12)abeo-lanostaneskeleton with a 26,23-olide moiety. Both of them were evaluated for their antifungal and cytotoxic activities. Neither of them displayed obvious inhibition onCandida albicansand five human cancer cell lines. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

Two new sesquiterpenoids (phellinuins H and I), together with five known compounds, were isolated from cultures of mushroom Phellinus sp. Their structures were elucidated based on comparison of nuclear magnetic resonance and MS data and those reported in the literature. All of these compounds were tested for cytotoxicity against five cancer cell lines (HL-60, SMMC-721, A-549, MCF-7, and SW-480). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

One new ergostane-type steroid, (12β,15β,22R,23S,24S)-22,25-epoxy-12,15,23-trihydroxyergost-4,6,8(14)-trien-3-one (1), three new phthalide derivatives, 5-(2′,3′-epoxy-3′,3′-dimethylpropoxy)-7-methoxy-6-methylphthalide (2), (2′)-(Z)-5-(3′-hydroxymethyl-3′-methylallyloxy)-7-methoxy-6-methylphthalide (3), and 5-(3′,3′-dimethylallyloxy)-7-hydroxy-6-methylphthalide (4), along with one known phthalide derivative, 5-(3′,3′-dimethylallyloxy)-7-methoxy-6-methylphthalide (5), were isolated from cultures of the basidiomyceteAlbatrellus confluens. The structures of the new compounds were established on the basis of extensive spectroscopic data (IR, MS, 1D, and 2D NMR) analyses. All compounds were evaluated for their cytotoxic activities on five tumor cell lines. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

Three new sesquiterpenoids (1–3), along with four known compounds (4–7), were isolated from cultures of the fungus Conocybe siliginea. The structures of new compounds were elucidated using spectroscopic methods. The known compounds were identified by comparing their spectroscopic data with those reported in the literature. All new compounds were evaluated for cytotoxicity against five human cancer cell lines, but none of them possesses significant activity (IC50>40μM). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Three new bisabolane sesquiterpenoids, inonotic acid A (1), 3-O-formyl inonotic acid A (2), inonotic acid B (3), and one new drimane sesquiterpenoid 3α,6β-dihydroxycinnamolide (4), were isolated from the fruiting bodies of mushroomInonotus rickii. Their structures were elucidated by means of extensive spectroscopic methods. Compound4had moderate inhibitory activity on human colon cancer SW480 (IC50 = 20.4 μmol). [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

Two new chlamydosporol derivatives, fusarilactone A (1) and fusarilactone B (2), together with nine known compounds (3–11), have been isolated from the crude extract of endophytic fungus Fusarium sp. #001. The structures of new compounds 1 and 2 were elucidated on the basis of extensive spectroscopic methods. Compound 1 showed mild cytotoxicities against three tumor cell lines (SMMC-7721, A-549, and MCF-7). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Three new compounds, named as vibralactones K–M (1–3), together with vibralactone (4) have been isolated from cultures of the BasidiomyceteBoreostereum vibrans. Their structures were determined on the basis of spectroscopic evidences (1D and 2D NMR, HRMS, UV, and IR data), chemical methods and literature data. None of the compounds was cytotoxic against five human cancer cell lines and showed inhibitory activity on the pancreatic lipase. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

Two new ylangene-type sesquiterpenoids, postinins A (1) and B (2), were isolated from cultures of the fungus Postia sp. Structures 1 and 2 were elucidated on the basis of extensive spectroscopic analysis. The bioactivity evaluation showed that both compounds had significant inhibitory activities against protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B, and SH2-containing cytoplasmic tyrosine phosphatase-1 and -2 with IC50 values of 1.6–6.2 μg/ml. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Senna tora has been used as a famous traditional medicine both in China and India to treat skin diseases, cough, hepatitis, fever, and hemorrhoids. Here, the complete chloroplast (cp) genome sequence of S. tora was reported and characterized for the first time. The cp genome is 162,426 bp in length, with a large single copy (LSC) region of 90,673 bp and a small single copy (SSC) region of 18,001 bp separated by a pair of 26,791 bp inverted repeat (IR) regions. There were 130 predicted genes including 85 protein-coding genes, 37 tRNA genes, and eight rRNA genes in the genome, and the overall GC content of the genome is 36%. The phylogenetic analysis based on the cp genome data indicated that S. tora was closer to S. occidentalis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Three new compounds, vibranether (1), myrrhlalkyldiol (2), vibralactone H (3), together with three known compounds, 2-methyl-6-p-tolylheptane-2,3-diol (4), 2-hydroxy-2-methyl-6-p-tolylheptan-3-one (5), and vibralactone (6), were isolated from the cultures of the basidiomycete Boreostereum vibrans. Their structures were determined on the basis of spectroscopic evidences (1D and 2D NMR, HRMS, UV, and IR data), chemical methods, and the literature data. The new compounds displayed no significant cytotoxicities against five human cancer cell lines (IC50>40 μM). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Four new drimane sesquiterpenoids, named as funatrols A–D (1–4), together with isodrimenediol (5), were isolated from cultures of the fungusFunalia trogii. The new structures were elucidated by means of spectroscopic methods. All compounds were tested for their cytotoxicities against five human cancer cell lines. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

Two new sesquiterpenoids, tremulenolide D (1) and muurolane-10β,15-diol (2), together with four known sesquiterpenoids, tremulenediol A (3), 2β-hydroxy-α-candinol (4), epicubenol (5), and 3β-hydroxy-δ-candinol (6), were isolated from cultures of the fungusCeriporia alachuana. The structures of new compounds were determined by extensive spectroscopic analyses. Structurally, compounds1and3are tremulane-type sesquiterpenoids with an unusual perhydroazulene carbon skeleton. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

Three new phenyl-ethanediols, (1R)-(3-ethenylphenyl)-1,2-ethanediol (1), (1R)-(3-formylphenyl)-1,2-ethanediol (2), and (1R)-(3-acetophenyl)-1,2-ethanediol (3), were isolated from the fruiting bodies of the mushroom Fomes fomentarius, together with two related known compounds, (3-ethylphenyl)-1,2-ethanediol (4) and (4-acetophenyl)-1,2-ethanediol (5). Their structures were elucidated by spectroscopic methods including extensive 2D NMR techniques. Compounds 1–3 showed weak antimicrobial activity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Two new drimane sesquiterpenoids, 11,12-dihydroxy-15-drimeneoic acid (1) and 3α,11,15-trihydroxydrimene (2), were isolated from cultures of the basidiomyceteAgaricus arvensis, together with one known compound 3β,11,12-trihydroxydrimene (3). Their structures were established by means of spectroscopic analysis. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

Two new triterpenoids, 3β-(2-methoxy-oxalyloxy)-24-methylene-lanost-8-en-21-oic acid (1) and 3β-(2-methoxy-oxalyloxy)-15α-hydroxy-24-methylene-lanost-8-en-21-oic acid (2), were isolated from cultures of the fungusPerenniporia maackiae, together with two previously known triterpenoids (3and4). Their structures were determined by spectroscopic methods, including 1D and 2D NMR, and MS analyses. All compounds were evaluated for their cytotoxic activities on five tumor cell lines. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

Four new compounds, craterellin D (1), 5-hydroxymethyl-2-hydroxy-4-methoxy-phenylethanone (2), 5-carboxyl-2-[2-(1,2-dihydroxyisopropyl)]-benzofuran (3), and 6α-hydroxy-3-methoxy-4α-methyl-2-cyclohexen-1-one (4), were isolated from cultures of the basidiomycete Craterellus odoratus, together with three known compounds craterellins A–C (5–7). Structures of 1–4 were elucidated on the basis of extensive spectroscopic analysis. Selected compounds were evaluated for their inhibitory activities against one isozyme of 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (11β-HSD1) and cytotoxic activities on five tumor cell lines. Compound 2 was found to exhibit inhibitory activity against human 11β-HSD1 with an IC50 value of 16.4 μg/ml. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

Four new vibralactone derivatives, named vibralactones G–J (1–4), together with vibralactone (5) have been isolated from cultures of the basidiomycete Boreostereum vibrans. The new structures were elucidated by means of spectroscopic methods. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Scrophularia ningpoensis has been used as a famous traditional medicinal herb in Asian countries to treat jaundice, dysentery, and the pain of rheumatism. In this paper, the complete chloroplast (cp) genome sequence of S. ningpoensis was reported and characterized. The cp genome is 153,175 bp in length, composed of a pair of 25,490 bp inverted repeat (IR) regions separated by a large single copy (LSC) region of 84,257 bp and a small single copy (SSC) region of 17,938 bp. There were 130 predicted genes (85 protein-coding genes, 37 tRNA genes, and 8 rRNA genes) in the genome, and the overall GC content of the genome is 38%. Phylogenetic analysis based on the cp genome data showed that S. ningpoensis was sister to S. buergeriana. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Achyranthes bidentata (Amarathaceae) has been commonly used as a traditional Chinese medicine in the treatment of osteoporosis and bone nonunion. Here, the complete chloroplast genome of A. bidentata was assembled and characterized. The cp genome is 151,451 bp in length, composed of a pair of 25,150 bp inverted repeat (IR) regions separated by a large single-copy (LSC) region of 83,899 bp and a small single-copy (SSC) region of 17,252 bp. The whole cp genome of A. bidentata contains 130 genes(85 protein-coding genes, 37 tRNAs and eight rRNAs) and the overall GC content is 36.5%. Phylogenetic analysis based on the cp genome data showed that A. bidentata was close to Cyathula capitata. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Iris domestica has been used as Chinese traditional medicine to treat inflammation and throat disorders for many centuries. In this study, the complete plastid genome of I. domestica was first reported and characterized. The complete plastid genome is a typical quadripartite circular molecule of 153,729 bp in length, including a large single copy (LSC) region of 83,136 bp and a small single copy (SSC) region of 18,165 bp separated by two inverted repeat (IR) regions of 26,214 bp. A total of 132 genes including 86 protein-coding genes, 38 tRNA genes, and eight rRNA genes were identified. The phylogenetic analysis revealed that I. domestica was closer to I. gatesii. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Paederia scandens has been used as a traditional medicine in Asian countries to treat jaundice, dysentery, and the pain of rheumatism. The complete chloroplast (cp) genome sequence of P. scandens was reported and characterized in this study. The cp genome is 153,626 bp in length, composed of a pair of 26,513 bp inverted repeat (IR) regions separated by a large single-copy (LSC) region of 83,712 bp and a small single-copy (SSC) region of 16,888 bp. There were 131 predicted genes (86 protein-coding genes, 37 tRNA genes, and 8 rRNA genes) in the genome, and the overall GC content of the genome is 37.7%. Phylogenetic analysis based on the cp genome data showed that P. scandens was sister to the clade formed by Galium mollugo and G. aparine. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]