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The synergy between high-resolution rotational spectroscopy and quantum-chemical calculations is essential for exploring future detection of molecules, especially when spectroscopy parameters are not available yet. By using highly correlated ab initio quartic force fields (QFFs) from explicitly correlated coupled cluster theory, a complete set of rotational constants and centrifugal distortion constants for $ {D2CS} $ D 2 CS and cis/trans-DCSD isomers have been produced. Comparing our new ab initio results for $ {D_2CS} $ D 2 CS with new rotational spectroscopy laboratory data for the same species, the accuracy of the computed B and C rotational constants is within 0.1% while the A constant is only slightly higher. Additionally, quantum chemical vibrational frequencies are also provided, and these spectral reference data and new experimental rotational lines will provide additional references for potential observation of these deuterated sulfur species with either ground-based radio telescopes or space-based infrared observatories. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Accurate binding energies of molecules to water clusters are relevant for understanding intermolecular interactions and various chemical applications. They enter models of interstellar chemical processes, as binding to icy grains influences surface reactions and thus affects calculated gas-phase abundances. Unfortunately, many astrochemical molecules (especially radicals and ions) are incompletely characterised in these models. To address this, we report computational searches for optimal structures and benchmark binding and condensation energies for sets of neutral, radical, cationic, and anionic molecules of astrochemical relevance with clusters of $ N=1{\rm -}4 $ N = 1 − 4 water molecules. These calculations utilised reliable density functionals for geometry optimisation, and coupled cluster (CCSD(T)) single point calculations with large basis sets. Four energetic binding motifs (weak, intermediate, strong or covalently bonded) were observed depending on the chemical nature of the guest molecule. Neutral closed and open-shell molecules with strong dipoles and a greater potential for hydrogen bonding are more tightly bound to water clusters compared to non-polar ones. For closed-shell cationic and anionic species, barrier-less reactions with water clusters occur, which reveals radical-free routes to molecular processing in the gas phase and on amorphous ice surfaces. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To facilitate the data analysis of current and future high-resolution space telescope missions, we adopt 'Best Theory + Reliable High-resolution Experiment' (BTRHE) strategy to develop highly accurate infrared line lists for nitrous oxide (N2O). The 'Ames-1' potential energy surface (PES) is a CCSD(T)/aug-cc-pVQZ PES refined using selected HITRAN experimental data, with σrms = 0.02–0.03 cm-1 for five isotopologues. The 'Ames-1' dipole moment surface (DMS) is fitted from CCSD(T)/aug-cc-pV(T,Q,5)Z dipoles extrapolated to one electron basis set limit. Using the Ames-1 PES and DMS, Ames-296K line lists are computed in the full range of 0–15,000 cm-1 for 12 N2O isotopologues, with S296K ≥ 10−31 cm-1/molecule.cm-2. The reliability and consistency of Ames-296K intensity predictions (SAmes) are demonstrated through comparisons with HITRAN (SHITRAN), NOSL-296 (SNOSL), recent observed intensities (Sobs) and Effective Dipole Model (EDM) intensities (SEDM). Agreements and discrepancies are discussed, along with preliminary uncertainty estimate for SAmes. The SAmes provides a good constraint to prevent substantial errors in intensity predictions (e.g. for weak bands and minor isotopologues) and can be further improved. Ames-296K and NOSL-296 may complement each other to provide improved input for future database updates, combining the strengths of EH/EDM and BTRHE approaches. Data available at and https://doi.org/10.48667/9kmk-0334. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study examines the influence of social support from intermediary organizations on innovativeness and subjective happiness in community-based tourism (CBT). The authors collected data from 236 residents who had participated in the Tour Dure project in South Korea. The analysis, using partial least square structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM), shows that social support from intermediary organizations has a positive effect on the innovativeness of residents. Further, the more innovativeness the residents showed, the more their subjective happiness increased. In other words, social support from intermediary organizations plays an important role in improving innovativeness, and in turn, the subjective happiness of residents. There have been many claims that resident participation is important in CBT, but it has usually been treated as a slogan without offering specific proposals for boosting such participation. This study discovered that the social support given by intermediary organizations to residents plays an important role in innovativeness and subjective happiness. It also shows that it is effective to encourage residents' participation in CBT by offering social support from intermediary organizations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Despite consistent growth, there is a gap in the literature pertaining to cruise tourists' motivation and experience. Although cruise vacationers may stay on the same ship at the same time, their motivation, perception, and experience vary. This merits further research to develop a comprehensive understanding of cruise vacationers' motivation, perception, and post-consumption experience. This study explores the major cruise tourism motivations, perceptions, and holiday experiences through a content analysis of selected research articles published in 22 tourism, environment, and marine-related journals. The research findings generate 14 major cruise tourism motivational factors, and a huge majority of cruise holiday participants express overall satisfaction with their cruise ship vacation. As a pioneering study in this area, the research findings contribute to the current body of knowledge pertaining to factors that drive cruise ship tourism holiday consumption and cruise passengers' post-consumption experience. A thorough understanding of cruise tourism holidaymakers' motivation and experience, in turn, offers substantial planning, packaging, and marketing implications to cruise line companies and cruise tourism destinations. Study implications and limitations are discussed, along with avenues for further research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As COVID-19 has spread throughout the world, it has caused unprecedented disruption to community-based tourism (CBT). The purpose of this study is to identify local reactions to COVID-19 in CBT destinations using social representation theory (SRT) as a framework for analysis. Furthermore, this paper uses Q methodology to shed light on residents' reactions to COVID-19. A demonstration of this method is used to analyze a Q set of 36 statements and a P set of 30 respondents working in the CBT business in Seochon Village, Seoul, Korea from 10 May to 21 May in 2021. As a result of the analysis, three distinct clusters are identified: fear of stigmatization as a plague spreader, maladaptation to environmental change, and threats to livelihoods. Based on the findings, the theoretical and practical implications are discussed to aid the local community to build a more sustainable and safer CBT during and after the pandemic. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Cittàslow philosophy aims to preserve the unique characteristics of places, people, products, food and the environment. Inclusive participation is the focus of the movement for small communities that aim to improve residents' quality of life and share in one of a kind experiences with visitors. Discussion of the Cittàslow movement has been increasing in recent years, and the conceptualization offered in this paper adds to that discourse by showing how the movement, with its unique approach to sustainability and local governance, has the potential to be beneficial to Small Island Developing States (SIDS) by directly and indirectly contributing to sustainable tourism development. Slow Food, Slow Tourism, and sustainability in relation to tourism are discussed to clarify how they all fit into the slow tourism ethos and influence the Cittàslow movement. Interestingly, by examining some of the essentials of the Cittàslow movement, we can ascertain how the quality of life and experience value of tourism complements the Cittàslow approach to sustainable tourism development for SIDS. Sustainability from an island perspective is conceptualized in the context of the Cittàslow model, and the varying elements that are contributors to sustainable tourism development in SIDS are discussed. These include its marketing potential, environmental and agricultural benefits, as well as the definitive socio-economic advances that may come about from implementing such an initiative. Ultimately, our analysis illustrates the SIDS specific impacts that the strategies of the Cittàslow model facilitate, while it also highlights some of the potential barriers to SIDS seamlessly adopting such a concept. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper aims to (a) analyze the diverse views held about slow tourism in the Caribbean islands of Antigua and Barbuda, and (b) to propose a conceptual basis for slow tourism as a beneficial component of sustainable development. Using evidence from stakeholder interviews, this paper illustrates how local businesses, products, and the dynamic nature of the tourism industry can be provided with opportunities to propel a regions' sustainability. The results of the study can contribute to the development agendas of many small islands, as they show how to establish effective development policy, management systems, and marketing strategies for sustainable tourism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study investigates the roles and characteristics of Korean-Chinese tour guides during the rapid socio-political changes between China and Korea. Data were obtained through in-depth interviews with 12 guides working in South Korea and were analyzed using the grounded theory framework. Open coding gave 98 conceptual labels, 30 subcategories, and 13 main categories. This study allows us to innovatively investigate the psychological changes in Korean-Chinese tour guides affected by political influences. However, most of the data was collected from males in their 30s using cross-sectional analysis, a longitudinal study would therefore strengthen the value of our approach in the future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Recent work on cyclopropenylidene, c-C 3 H 2 , sought to improve on past ab initio results with a complete basis set (CBS) quartic force field method capable of predicting fundamental bands to within 5 cm−1 accuracy of gas-phase spectroscopy experiments for semirigid molecules. It was suggested that a problematic coupling between n-body correlation and 1-particle basis set effects prevented a proper application of this method for the out-of-plane bending vibrations of c-C 3 H 2 . We establish here that the actual source of this anomalous behaviour is numerical instability in the out-of-plane bending quartic force constants. It is found that the use of the normal equations to solve for the quartic force field, as well as a bending coordinate grid which is too compact, leads to errors of ca. 20 cm−1 in ν 5 and ν 9 . Our revised analysis shows ν 5 and ν 9 to be 980 cm−1 and 777 cm−1, respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this study was to develop scale dimensions for evaluating professional convention organizers (PCOs) from the perspective of conference hosts. Based on a literature review of B2B service quality and convention service quality, and in-depth interviews with host organizers in the Korean convention industry, five quality dimensions were identified: potential, process, personal, technical, and outcome qualities. The reliability and validity of the five dimensions were verified using empirical data. The results show that service quality between PCOs and hosts should be considered to be a holistic experience rather than a set of separate factors as discussed in previous studies. This paper also contributes by proposing that the five scales serve as a managerial tool for PCOs to evaluate their own performance and as criteria for hosts to develop effective business relationships with service providers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study sees the 'slow city' idea as a brand, and used an empirical method to examine the influence of its brand association types on the behavioural intentions of potential tourists. The measurement of brand association types was limited to the following 13 variables: slow food, traditional culture, authentic local food, happiness, healthy, organic, peaceful, quality of life, beautiful scenery, comfortable, affectionate, compassion and well-being, elicited from a pre-test. The findings from 485 potential tourists in the 2 largest cities in South Korea show that eliciting positive feelings and brand associations are strong marketing strategies that increase the chance of tourist visits, and therefore could influence the choice of a destination and the chance for revisits in the future. The results of this study contribute to a better understanding of the marketing influence of the slow city brand on the behavioural intentions of potential tourists. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aims to explore the importance and performance of medical tourism destination competitiveness (TDC). The aims were achieved by collecting empirical data on the perceptions of stakeholders in the medical tourism industry in South Korea. Results from the importance–performance analysis (IPA) revealed that medical TDC is primarily influenced by medical treatments and services, destination attributes, and tourism-specific factors. This study not only enhances tourism literature, but also contributes significantly to the existing literature on competitiveness. The study provides useful marketing insights for medical tourism suppliers in South Korea and countries in similar situations with the relevant industry. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

This study investigates the consumer behavior of tourists at duty-free shops who experience different limitations on shopping than do consumers at general shopping malls. The target for sampling was outbound tourists who shopped in two hotel duty-free shops in Seoul, Korea. The final analysis used data from 343 respondents and the results revealed (1) the more positive the emotions felt by tourists, the more impulsive buying behavior occurs; (2) time pressure during shopping reinforces negative emotions, resulting in increased affective impulse buying; and (3) increased shopping involvement directly increases cognitive impulse buying. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

This study explores residents’ attitudes toward future tourism development based on their community well-being (CWB) and community attachment. Focusing on the case of Gamcheon Culture Village in Busan, South Korea, which was developed during an urban regeneration project in 2009, an exploratory factor analysis was conducted. The main findings of this study are: (1) CWB is supported by five variables including income effects, social participation, safety service, infrastructure service, and environmental effect; (2) not only does CWB influence community attachment but attachment also effects residents’ attitudes; and (3) the most effective variable of CWB is income effect, and safety service for community attachment. These results can help to provide effective strategies to encourage residents to have positive attitudes about further tourism development in a community-based tourism destination. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

This study identifies perceptual differences between the experiences of using an interactive ubiquitous access tourism service (U-tourism service) at a cultural heritage site and on-site participation-driven services. An interactive U-tourism service, “Hwaseong Haenggung Histour”, a smart phone application, was developed and implemented for this study. The study found (a) visitors who experienced the U-tourism service showed higher recognition on such dimensions as education, novelty, entertainment and fellowships, regarded as important components of on-site experiences, than those who joined on-site participation-driven services and (b) young visitors who used the interactive U-tourism service recorded higher in the dimensions of both education and novelty than those who joined on-site participation-driven services and showed higher satisfaction. These findings provide strong justification for the introduction of U-tourism services, particularly for young visitors. This study contributes to the understanding of a fast-growing and influential electronic tool for cultural heritage sites. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

This study aimed to examine whether a causal relationship exists between perceived restorativeness and emotional healing, visitor satisfaction, and intention to revisit with respect to a visit to the Seooreung Shrine in South Korea. Attention restorativeness theory claims that four factors (being away, fascination, extent, and compatibility) induce a restorative environment. The results of the conducted survey support the four factors of attention restorativeness theory. Two distinct groups were identified and differences were discovered between the groups with respect to satisfaction and perceived restorativeness. Emotional healing exerted more influence on intention to revisit than visitor satisfaction. This study delivers a significant outcome as pioneer research on healing tourism by discovering emotional healing as a precedent variable to visitor satisfaction and intention to revisit in the area of cultural heritage tourism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this research is to examine the differences of perception between health tour seekers and non-seekers of subjective well-being (SWE). Relative data were collected from 158 Korean package tourists who traveled to Sapporo, Japan, and from 111 Japanese package tourists who traveled to Busan, Korea. The results indicated that health tourism seekers perceived the level of contribution of the health tour to SWE to be more positive than non-seekers. It also revealed that the satisfaction levels of the tourism activities had a partially significant impact on the SWE of participants and non-participants. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

This research examined and compared the emotional labor in two distinctive cultures (South Korea and Japan), both based on an oriental culture. It confirmed that in both countries emotional labor adhered to company restrictions, but the research identified differences between Korean and Japanese salespersons in terms of their emotional labor. However, it verified that both Korean and Japanese salespersons experience exhaustion as a result of emotional labor. It contributes to the human resources managers in the service industry and emphasizes that cultural differences should be considered in understanding the emotional labor and burnout of service industry employees. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

This study will analyze the changing Korean tourist market to Japan, the characteristics of tourism products which the tourists consider a priority, and the demographic differences by travel choice attributes. The study measured numbers of visits to Japan, expenditure, duration of visit, area visited, preferred area, and preferred activities. A total of 316 people participated in the questionnaires and 260 samples were used for the analysis. The study suggests approaches for sustainable development of travel products and marketing strategies for the tourist market in Japan. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

This study aims to examine the differences between visitor motivations and satisfaction between first-time visitors and return visitors to a recreation wellness tourist attraction site in South Korea. Data were collected using a questionnaire at a national arboretum and 573 samples were used for analysis. The study discovered that first-time visitor motivations were composed of four factors: “relaxation and rest”, “novelty”, “self-exploration”, and “accessibility”. The return visitor motivations were “sightseeing and experience”, “convenience for touring”, “self-exploration”, and “accessibility”. The desired outcomes motivating the visitation and level of satisfaction were different between first-time and return visitors. The results contribute practical information to managers and marketers not only of the arboretum, but also of wellness tourist attractions to improve strategic visitor management in Korea and beyond. The study strategically applies the arboretum as a competitive resource in a wellness tourism industry with strategic segmentation of visitors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

For the first time, high-level structural and rovibrational data are provided for the hyroxyethynyl anion, CCOH−. CCOH−is a promising molecule for interstellar detection even though no new anions have been observed in the interstellar medium for the past half-decade. The large dipole moment of the corresponding neutral radical may be key for its creation as has been hypothesised and supported for other anions known to exist in various astronomical environments. Highly accurate quartic force fields are employed where previous benchmarks have produced spectroscopic constants and anharmonic vibrational frequencies within 20 MHz and 1 cm−1, respectively, of experiment. This same approach is applied here for CCOH−and its deuterated isotopologue with the goal of assisting laboratory experiments and/or astronomical observers in the potential detection of this anion. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

The effect of approximating the three- and four-virtual molecular orbital integrals in single and double coupled-cluster theory including a perturbational correction for connected triple excitations [CCSD(T)] is investigated for the calculation of higher-order properties, specifically the calculation of a molecular quartic force field and spectroscopic constants. The approach was proposed previously, but investigated for only second- and lower-order properties. It is shown that the conclusions reached previously are essentially unchanged on moving to higher-order properties. That is, approximating the selected integrals has essentially no effect on the accuracy of CCSD(T) calculations, and the error due to approximating integrals is much smaller than the residual error due to one-particle basis set deficiencies. The advantage of this approach is that it significantly reduces the amount of data needed to perform CCSD(T) calculations, thereby reducing computational requirements associated with input/output operations and message passing in massively parallel, distributed memory algorithms. These savings are particularly important for large basis set calculations where the reduction in data can be as high as three orders of magnitude for ∼1000 unoccupied molecular orbitals. The approach was tested by computing the quartic force field, vibrational frequencies, and spectroscopic constants of cyclopropenylidene and isotopologues. Comparison of our best results with available experimental data shows excellent agreement between theory and experiment. It is hoped that the theoretical spectroscopic data presented herein for cyclopropenylidene and isotopologues is useful in the interpretation of future laboratory experiments and astronomical observations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Trends in chlorine/oxygen and bromine/oxygen single and double bonds are examined for several molecules of interest in stratospheric halogen chemistry. Specifically, the relationships between bond distance and quadratic force constant, and bond distance and ionic bonding character are examined, together with bond energies. Similar to a previous study of FO bonding, it is found that the relationship between bond distance and force constant for Cl-O and Br-O single bonds is unusual and distinctly nonlinear. This is attributed to the through space interaction of halogen lone-pair electrons with the remainder of the molecule. Supporting evidence for this assertion is given by the fact that for X=O(X is Cl, Br) double bonds, where there are fewer halogen lone-pair electrons due to hypervalent bonding, this relationship is approximately linear. A detailed explanation for chlorine and bromine hypervalent bonding is presented which is consistent with all available data and with the trends studied here. In this model, chlorine or bromine hypervalent bonding is a result of the p - d promotion of one or two lone-pair halogen electrons followed by the formation of two or four additional pd hybrid halogen bonds. This model explains why -XO2 species are particularly stable while the -XO and -XO3 species are not. Finally, the implications of this new under standing of chlorine and bromine chemistry for stratospheric reservoir species are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

From large basis set coupled cluster calculations and a minor empirical adjustment, an anharmonic force field for silane has been derived that is consistently of spectroscopic quality (1 cm-1 on vibrational fundamentals) for all isotopomers of silane studied. Inner-shell polarization functions have an appreciable effect on computed properties and even on anharmonic corrections. From large basis set coupled cluster calculations and extrapolations to the infinite-basis set limit, we obtain TAE0 = 303:80 0:18 kcal mol- 1, which includes an anharmonic zero-point energy (19.59 kcal mol- 1), inner-shell correlation (-0.36 kcal mol-1), scalar relativistic corrections (-0.70 kcal mol- 1) and atomic spin-orbit corrections (- 0.43 kcal mol- 1). In combination with the recently revised H f [sub 0][Si(g)], we obtain H f ;0[SiH4(g)] = 9:9 0:4 kcal mol- 1 in between the two established experimental values. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The singles and doubles coupled cluster method that includes a per turbational estimate of the effects of connected triple excitations CCSD T together with a triple zeta double polarized TZ2P one particle basis set is used to determine the geometries harmonic frequencies infrared intensities and dipole moments of HOF F O HOOF FOOF ClOOF Agreement with experiment is very good with the exception that the currently accepted experimental assignment of the symmetric and antisymmetric O F stretches in FOOF is shown to be reversed and to be consistent with an earlier experimental study Very accurate heats of formation of HOOF FOOF and ClOOF are also computed using the CCSD T method in conjunction with large atomic natural orbital basis sets The F O bond distances quadratic force constants bond energies and fluorine and oxygen atomic charges from the above five molecules and six previously studied molecules FONO trans FONO cis FONO FOCl FOBr and FON are compared and used to deduce a simple model of F O bonding The unusual relationship between the F O bond distance and quadratic force constant shows that F O bonding is a function of at least three effects which are degree of covalent character degree of ionic character and extent of lone electron pair repulsions All of the data are qualitatively consistent with this simple model The bonding in cis FONO is even more complicated involving also dispersion interactions between fluorine and the terminal oxygen It is suggested that the general importance of lone pair repulsions in F O bonding and the additional importance of intra molecular dispersion interactions explains why many density functionals have difficulty in describing the geometry of cis FONO. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

AbstractIntangible cultural heritage (ICH) has the potential to enhance tourism supply and activate tourism resources. This study constructs an alienation and host authenticity model to analyze the attitudes of ICH performers towards support for tourism. Specifically, it investigates the views of giant puppet show performers at the Mount E’mei Scenic Area in China, which is a nationally recognized and first-selected representative traditional drama project of ICH. By employing an asymmetric configuration modeling approach within qualitative comparative analysis, the study identifies six dimensions of ICH performers’ alienation (powerlessness, meaninglessness, normlessness, isolation, self-estrangement, and cultural alienation) and three aspects of their host authenticity (personal value, interpersonal value, and ICH value). Based on these findings, the study confirms the impact of ICH performers’ alienation, host authenticity, and demographic characteristics on their support for tourism. This understanding is crucial for the development, growth, and continuity of a tourist destination. Specifically, this study contributes to a new comprehension of the combined model of alienation and host authenticity, as well as the support for tourism by a host community as represented by ICH performers, thereby making a significant contribution to the understanding of the impact of ICH. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Acknowledges the contributors of the February 20, 1999 issue of the periodical 'Molecular Physics.' Recognition of the death of quantum chemist Bowen Liu; Bowen's contributions to quantum physics.