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A retrospective study was conducted with patients involuntarily admitted to psychiatric hospitals. Patients were divided into the following two groups based on whether they had a history of legal proceedings before committing the act that subjected them to their current sentence: those who repeatedly harmed others (RHO) and those who did not (NRHO). We compared their characteristics and performed a two-variable logistic regression analysis. The total number of patients was 210. The RHO and NRHO groups included 51(24.3%) and 159(75.7%) patients. A comparison between the two groups revealed that patients in the RHO group were overwhelming male, with substance use and intellectual problems. The two-variable logistic regression analysis results indicated that the variables associated with RHO were "F1" and "a history of involuntary admission" in order of high odds ratios. The essential points regarding support for the RHO group were as follows: (1) intervention at the stages of initial criminal proceedings and involuntary admission, and (2) collaborative support between penal codes and the public health, medical, and welfare systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: To describe the ophthalmoscopic changes of the choroidal vessels in the posterior pole of Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada disease patients whose choroid is thickened due to asymptomatic choroiditis.Methods: Three patients whose choroidal vessels are indistinct or not visible in the posterior pole by ophthalmoscopy were examined by fundus photography and enhanced-depth imaging optical coherence tomography (EDI-OCT).Results: They did not complain of vision problems, and visual acuity was good. Serous retinal detachment was not observed by ophthalmoscopy or by OCT. However, choroidal thickening was observed in the EDI-OCT, while choroidal vessels became blurred or invisible on ophthalmoscopy. After steroid therapy, choroidal thickness decreased to normal levels and the small and large choroidal vessels previously indiscernible became visible by ophthalmoscopy and fundus photography.Conclusions: Asymptomatic choroiditis not accompanied by serous retinal detachment can be detected and assessed by observing the changes in the choroidal vessels by ophthalmoscopy and fundus photography. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Assistive suits reduce human muscle effort by improving human motion. However, most assistive suits are bulky, are expensive, need external power sources, and are impractical to carry everywhere. We present the development of the pneumatic gel muscle, which can be actuated by very low air pressure, and its characteristics by comparing with a commercially available artificial muscle. We also discuss the design of an unplugged powered suit for walking assist that unloads the muscle effort using the pneumatic gel muscle, demonstrating that assistive forces can be applied without the use of a compressor or air tanks. We performed experiments to measure characteristics of the pneumatic gel muscle, such as the actuation and applied force, for various pressure ranges. We measured surface EMG of the lower limb with and without an unplugged powered suit to identify the unloading effect of the suit. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this study was to examine the weldability of Si-solution-strengthened ferritic ductile cast iron (SSFDI: EN-GJS-500-14) compared with a traditional ferrite–pearlite type ductile cast iron of similar strength (JIS-FCD500-7). The α + graphite → γ reverse transformation characteristics on heating process and the transformation characteristics on cooling were investigated by the synthetic weld thermal cycle method. Heating SSFDI at 300°C s− 1(200–800°C), the reverse transformation started at 837°C and finished at 1149°C. The austenite arose around graphite nodules and the fraction in the matrix moderately increased to 100% as the temperature became higher. In the ferrite–pearlite type ductile cast iron FCD500 with 2.27%Si, the reverse transformation occurred in the temperature range from 763°C to 1105°C. The pearlite rapidly transformed to austenite and then the ferrite moderately transformed. The austenitization rate of SSFDI was also lower than the ferrite-pearlite type ductile cast iron at 1000°C. In the case of the cooling parametert8/5 = 25 s, the martensite area fraction increased as the maximum temperature rose. Less martensite appears in SSFDI, indicating arc welding would give rise to less brittle heat-affected zone un SSFDI. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

A double-decker porphyrin 1R bearing one chiral substituent per porphyrin ring was synthesised. The host 1R showed highly cooperative binding towards chiral guest 2R with stoichiometry of the complex (1:2) and its stepwise association constants (K1 and K2) were evaluated to be log K1 = 1.6 and log K2 = 4.1, respectively. 1R also recognised 2S cooperatively and formed into a 1:3 complex in log K1 = 1.9, log K2 = 1.2 and log K3 = 3.8. When we use racemic 2, 1R exhibits unconventional enantioselectivity only towards 2R in a specific concentration region. It not only showed a chiral screening but also changed the stoichiometry depending on the guest chirality. These high enantioselectivity and stoichiometric modulation are effected by proper incorporation of the structural information of two enantiomers into the host and utilisation of multiple equilibrium characteristic of positive allosterism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]