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This visual essay presents drawings related to a research project that sought to develop a visual language that communicates the precarity of clothing items that have emerged from alpine glaciers in Europe. These artworks achieve a poetic effect that recalls the tensions and challenges of preserving these artifacts of glacial archaeology. This essay focuses on selected drawings of footwear from the exhibition Emergency! at Drawing Projects UK (November 10, 2022–February 4, 2023) and articulates how drawing was used as a form of touching to imaginatively translate the experience of encountering these items of footwear into artworks. The artworks offer an example of how artistic engagement with museum collections can generate a creative response to traces of the past and invite reflection on the future of our planet. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Pollen analysis is still a manual task and an experienced pollen analyst may analyse two to four samples per day when a regular pollen sum of 300 pollen grains is used. Long continental pollen records (LCPRs) form a remarkable aspect of palynological research. The pollen analytical work Since 1988, efforts to analyse pollen grains automatically have been published regularly (Konert et al. [22]; Witte [34]; France et al. [9]; Marcos et al. [25]; Olsson et al. [28]) however, pollen analysis still is a manual procedure. [Extracted from the article]

Portraying Climate Change and Ocean Health K.A. Colorado Ice Core Sculptures My proprietary series of Ice Core Sculptures attracted the attention of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) and its Office of National Marine Sanctuaries (National Marine Sanctuary Foun-dation), which invited me in 2015 to become their Artist-in-Residence and to create a sculpture for their National Marine Sanctuary System. Ice Cubed I "Human fingerprints on the Antarctic, i I the evidence is apparent now to see. i I Disposable plastics burning, i I deforestation and carbon increases, i I methane emissions to flee. i I Ice don't leave yet, i I hold tight and don't regret i I the Anthropocene, i I retreating in reluctant defeat." i - Edited excerpt from the poem "Visiting Ice" by K.A. Colorado As a sculptor and painter, I have taken the opportunity to develop my art on the climate subject and hope to expand the relationship of visual arts to the beauty and fragility of climate. The I Ice Core Sculptures i are a series of three-dimensional acrylic sculptures that visualize and emulate scientific ice core samplings. (Photos of Pyramid Sculpture courtesy of Lourdes Reátiga) Ice Cores Imbedded with Scientific Data, Dialogue, and DNA Ice Core Sculpture Series The I Ice Cores Series i of sculptures, paintings, and prints was begun in 2006 following a trip to the polar region during which I observed scientists drilling ice cores and arranging them for study. [Extracted from the article]

The curators resist chronologies, representing these connections through a diverse array of objects created from, representative of, or in pursuit of understanding Australia's environment. The third chapter of the exhibition is most reflective of a traditional "natural history" exhibit (not least due to the three life-like orcas suspended from the ceiling). Upon entering the National Museum of Australia's refurbished environment gallery, I Great Southern Land i , you are flanked by the mammoth trunks of Bunya pines ( I Araucaria bidwillii i ). [Extracted from the article]

A valley floor rock glacier in Nautárdalur, eastern Tröllaskagi, northern Iceland, has been investigated since the 1970s. Adjacent valleys are also examined as mountain landsystems. The methodology identifies 'landform elements' (features evident on slopes) on transects that can be identified and mapped from Google Earth imagery. Transects can be compared to show similarities and differences between slopes and valleys and can be used to trace debris and ice/snow flow paths within landsystems. The paper confirms that a glacier ice core is present throughout the Nautárdalur rock glacier. Traces of glacier activity can be found in some neighbouring small valleys but where rock glaciers are not present. Previous field observations, when coupled to current Google Earth imagery, indicate glacier ice formation and deformation over the past 200 years. The quantities and timing of weathered debris from headwall cliffs were sufficient to partly cover small glaciers, thus forming rock glaciers in some, but not all, valleys. The landsystem and transect approach thus indicate glacier origins for the rock glaciers identified. No evidence for 'permafrost creep' in scree slopes that might produce valley-side rock glaciers has been found. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract–Climate field reconstructions (CFRs) attempt to estimate spatiotemporal fields of climate variables in the past using climate proxies such as tree rings, ice cores, and corals. Data assimilation (DA) methods are a recent and promising new means of deriving CFRs that optimally fuse climate proxies with climate model output. Despite the growing application of DA-based CFRs, little is understood about how much the assimilated proxies change the statistical properties of the climate model data. To address this question, we propose a robust and computationally efficient method, based on functional data depth, to evaluate differences in the distributions of two spatiotemporal processes. We apply our test to study global and regional proxy influence in DA-based CFRs by comparing the background and analysis states, which are treated as two samples of spatiotemporal fields. We find that the analysis states are significantly altered from the climate-model-based background states due to the assimilation of proxies. Moreover, the difference between the analysis and background states increases with the number of proxies, even in regions far beyond proxy collection sites. Our approach allows us to characterize the added value of proxies, indicating where and when the analysis states are distinct from the background states. for this article are available online. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Tibetan Plateau is a high-elevation area in Asia and contains the largest volumes of glaciers outside the polar regions. Reconstruction of the glacier surface temperature history in this area is crucial for better understanding of the process of climate change in the Tibetan Plateau. The Tikhonov regularization method has been used on borehole temperatures measured at Malan Glacier, located on the north Tibetan Plateau, to reconstruct the surface temperature history in the twentieth century. We found that the glacier surface temperature, which rose significantly after the 1960s, increased about 1.1°C over the last century. The warmest period occurred in the 1980s to the 1990s and the highest temperature variation could be 1.5°C to 1.6°C. The results were also compared with those of nearby instrumental temperatures by Wudaoliang meteorological station and the stable oxygen isotope ( δ 18 O) from the Malan ice core. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Republic of Sakha (Yakutia) is famous as a region of extremely low natural temperatures, a territory of cold and the phenomena of snow, ice, and permafrost that owe their existence to it. The anthropology of cold, which the authors term cryoanthropology, including analysis of its role and place in the economic and sociocultural practices of the region's Indigenous population, is relevant but little studied. The authors present experiences applying traditional knowledge of the Sakha (Yakuts) about cold, allowing for its resources to be used in everyday functioning for life sustenance, in various kinds of economic activity. They analyze systemic ethnocultural adaptations to phenomena connected with natural low temperatures. Drawing on data predominantly from the nineteenth and twentieth centuries, the authors integrate examples of the "dialogue" of rural inhabitants with the cold, especially its benefits. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Field observations, map analysis and the use of terrestrial and aerial photography and Google Earth show that the Gruben rock glacier, discussed in the literature since 1974, does contain a glacier ice core. Mapped as bare glacier ice at the time of the first map, about AD 1850, subsequent cover by debris from the surrounding cliffs has preserved what is now a slow-moving glacier core beneath a debris cover about 0.5 m thick. Formerly, the steeper and thicker glacier moved debris to the snout much more rapidly than at the present flow rates. The, adjacent, and once co-flowing, tongue of glacier ice was sparsely covered and has down-wasted substantially since the Little Ice Age (ca AD 1850) maximum. Surface down-wasting, surface lakes, ice exposures, and snout recession indicate that the rock glacier's volume is reducing by wastage of the glacier ice core. This reduction in thickness and surface slope over the last 150 years is sufficient to explain all the observed phenomena in the Gruben basin and present-day low (<1 ma−1) rock glacier surface velocities. Further exposures of glacier ice in the rock glacier are expected with increasing 'climatic warming'. These findings suggest that the 'permafrost' origin of rock glaciers should be re-evaluated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Recent scholarship in political geography and allied disciplines such as Anthropology and Architecture has used registers such as the elemental and volumetric to explore the calculative, material, technical, and atmospheric interventions in, on, through and beneath the earth's surface. In this special issue, our contributors engage in a 'subterranean turn', as they drill down, dive into, travel through and speculate with underground and underwater domains. Although varied in their geographical environments and locales, and diverse in their time-frames, the papers speak to four themes that constitute a 'subterranean geopolitics.' First, the subterranean is conceptualised as volume with distinct material qualities including height, pressure, depth and shape. There are multiple undergrounds on offer. Second, the subterranean is integral to nation-state building and geopolitical strategies of control, enclosure and exclusion. Third, there is evidence of and for subterranean infrastructures aplenty. States and other actors want to design, experiment and plan with the underground and underwater environments. Finally, the subterranean is never divorced from calculative, legal and technical regimes of regulation, and the cultivation of expertise – scientific, military, engineering – is a crucial element in these contributions to subterranean geopolitics. Taken together, the nine papers in this special issue offer a rich array of case studies including the nineteenth-century volcanic eruption in the Mediterranean (Hawkins 2018), subterranean nationalism in the South Atlantic (Benwell), lead mining in nineteenth-century English Peak District (Endfield and Van Lieshout 2019), a transnational gas pipeline running through Italy (Barry and Gambino 2019), subterranean security in Israel/Palestine (Slesinger 2019), natural gas infrastructure (Forman 2019), deep sea mining off Papua New Guinea (Childs 2019b), US military planning in and under Greenland's inland ice (Bruun 2018), and managing the shipping routes of the English Channel (Peters 2019). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The physical and geochemical characteristics of shallow ice cores drilled in the accumulation area (Western Cwm) of Khumbu Glacier in the Nepal Himalayas in 1980 were analyzed. The two ice cores from different elevations (cores 1 and 2 from 6,100 and 6,400 m a.s.l., respectively) showed distinct stratigraphy: Core 1 consisted of stratified firn layers with a few ice and dust layers, whereas core 2 consisted of unstratified refrozen ice with abundant debris. The mean oxygen-stable isotope was significantly lower in core 2 than in core 1, and the composition of major soluble ions also differed between the ice cores. The mineralogical characteristics of debris in core 2 were in accordance with the geology of the south face of Mt. Everest, indicating that it was supplied from above 7,000 m a.s.l. by avalanches. The distinct stratigraphy and geochemistry suggest that the snow accumulation process differed between the two drilling sites; snow was supplied by precipitation in core 1, whereas in core 2 it was supplied by avalanche with rock debris from the higher site of the south face of Mt. Everest. The two distinct snow accumulation processes are likely to characterize the mass balance and formation of debris covers of the lower ablation area of Khumbu Glacier. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Links between climate and glacier surges are poorly understood but are required to enable prediction of surges and mitigation of associated hazards. Here, we investigate the role of snow accumulation, rain, and temperature on surge periodicity, area changes, and timing of surge initiation since the 1930s at Donjek Glacier, Yukon, Canada. Snow accumulation measured in three ice cores collected at Eclipse Icefield indicates that a cumulative accumulation of 15.5 ± 1.46 or 16.6 ± 2.0 m w.e. occurred in the ten to twelve years between each of its last eight surges, depending on ice motion spatiotemporal offset corrections. Although we find consistent snow accumulation between surges, the transient snow line has risen 10.3 m decade-1 vertically since the 1950s, and Burwash Landing weather station records indicate a 0.5°C decade-1 increase in mean annual air temperature since the 1960s. Changes in surface mass balance are accompanied by a consistent surge interval but decreasing surge extent. The three recent surge events initiated in years with the rainiest summers on record. These findings highlight a complex interplay between external (i.e., climate) and internal glacier processes that control surging at Donjek Glacier, with climate having a more direct influence on surge extent than on recurrence interval. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Pollen grains are commonly found in ice cores, particularly those from mountain glaciers at low to middle latitudes. Because the release of pollen from flowers has a seasonality and varies among the plant species, pollen concentrations in ice cores are useful for distinguishing annual or seasonal layers and inferring past vegetation near glaciers. We analyzed major pollen grains in an 87-m-deep ice core drilled at the top of the Grigoriev Ice Cap (4563 m.a.s.l.) in the Tien Shan Mountains, Kyrgyz Republic. Microscopy showed that mainly five pollen taxa were contained in the ice core. Their abundance fluctuated with the depth of the core, indicating their seasonal deposition on the ice cap, while the seasonality of the stable isotopes was not particularly clear because of melting and refreezing signatures. Based on the pollen profiles, annual layers were determined back in time to 1780 AD at a depth of 63.6 m; at greater depth, they could not be distinguished due to ice layer thinning in the glacier. The pollen assemblages have gradually changed during the last 220 years and were particularly distinctive in the deeper part, suggesting the drastic change of vegetation in this region during the Holocene. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We conducted a 2 m snow pit study in July 2017 at the East GRIP (Greenland Ice-Core Project; northeastern Greenland) deep ice-coring site. We collected snow samples at intervals of 0.05 m and analyzed their iron (Fe) and rare earth element (REE) concentrations. Pronounced seasonal variations in trace elements were observed during 2012–2017. The results indicated that the dissolved Fe (DFe), total dissolved Fe (TDFe), and total dissolved REEs (TDREEs) largely originated from mineral dust, which peaked in winter to early spring. In particular, the 2014–2015 Holuhraun eruption (31 August 2014 to 27 February 2015) can be clearly observed in the data at a depth of 90–125 cm. This event not only provided abundant acidic material (sulphate), but also released a large amount of DFe. Therefore, these results provide a possible way to use Greenland deep ice core data to construct a much longer history and better understand the relationship between eruptions and the release of iron in future studies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Diatoms in ice cores have been used to infer regional and global climatic events. These archives offer high-resolution records of past climate events, often providing annual resolution of environmental variability during the Late Holocene. Recently, the first low-latitude tropical diatoms were described from the Quelccaya Summit Dome. Here, we document diatoms observed in ice cores from Quelccaya, spanning AD 1300 to 1815, along with those from two additional glaciers (Coropuna, and Sajama glaciers) in the tropical Andes, spanning AD 1764 to 1814. Diatom assemblages recovered from these three sites were rare, but differ in abundance and species composition through time. Assemblages are characterized by cosmopolitan and aerophilic species, mostly pennate diatoms. There were 44 taxa in all, withPinnulariacf.borealisEhrenberg being the most common species encountered in the samples. Eleven taxa were found at all three sites. Both Coropuna and Sajama had taxa that were unique to these locations, whereas Quelccaya had no unique taxa. Due to the rarity of diatoms and the cosmopolitan nature of the dominant species, it is not possible to determine their origin, limiting their utility in paleoclimate reconstructions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article examines how ice cores are helping climatologists better understand changes in the earth's weather. Topics mentioned include a background on how glaciers, ice caps and ice sheets are formed, the similarity and difference between an ice-coring drill and the drill used to pump up oil or water from the earth, and the discoveries of scientists about the deepest core in the U.S.

Deep polar ice cores provide atmospheric records of nitrous oxide (N2O) and other trace gases reflecting climate history along with a parallel archive of microbial cells transported with mineral dust, marine and volcanic aerosols from around the globe. Our interdisciplinary study of 32 samples from different depths of the recently drilled NEEM Greenland ice core addressed the question whether the identified microorganisms were capable of post-depositional biological production of N2O in situ. We used highresolution geochemical and microbiological approaches to examine the N2O concentrations, the quantitative distributions of dust, Ca+2, NH4 + and NO3- ions related to N cycle pathways, the microbial abundance and diversity at specific NEEM core depths from 1758 m to 1867.8 m. Results showed varying concentrations of N2O (220-271.5 ppb). Microbial abundance fluctuated between 3.3 ⨰ 104 and 3.3 ⨰ 106 cells mL-1 in direct correlation with dust and Ca2+ concentrations with higher cell numbers deposited during colder periods. The average values of NH4 + and NO3- indicated that substrates were available for the microorganisms capable of utilizing them. PCR amplification of selected functional genes involved in bacterial and archaeal nitrification and denitrification was not successful. Sanger and Illumina MiSeq sequence analyses of SSU rRNA genes showed variable representation of Alpha-, Beta- and Gammaproteobacteria, Firmicutes, Actinobacteria, chloroplasts and fungi. The metabolic potential of the dominant genera of Proteobacteria and Firmicutes as possible N2O producers suggested that denitrification activity may have led to in-situ production and accumulation of N2O. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

On the remote icecap in northwest Greenland, an international team of glaciologists led by scientists from Copenhagen University recently drilled a 2537.36 m long ice core, finally reaching bedrock in July 2010. The ice core charts a climate history that reaches back more than 115,000 years to the Eemian period. This time travel ultimately aims at predicting the climate of the future. While the heroic polar expeditions of the past ventured into unknown spaces horizontally, the secrets of the frontier are now vertically stored in the ice cores. InSecrets of the Ice, five videos produced for public dissemination, Greenland is displayed as an empty, frozen space, waiting to be conquered by scientists. Resonating with classical Arctic explorer myths, this conquest has to overcome the difficulties presented by a harsh wilderness landscape. The article situates the glaciological project in Greenland within a network of colonial relations that marks the storylines adopted by both video producers and scientists. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article explores the aeolian activity in the late pleistocene cold-climate deposits in Bering Land Bridge in Alaska. Topics include the stratigraphic silt forms in lowlands and foothills with ground ice and organic carbon, the absence of primary sedimentary stratification and the impacts on sequence of buried palaeosols sequence. It also outlines the impacts on patterns of environmental changes inferred from ice core, ocean and lake sediment sequences in northeast Eurasia.

Diatoms were found in late Holocene age ice-core samples recovered from the Quelccaya Summit Dome in the tropical Andes of Peru and were imaged by environmental scanning electron microscopy and identified. Freshwater diatoms in the genera Hantzschia, Pinnularia, and Aulacoseira were the most common taxa in the samples and indicate a freshwater source for the material, which also is suggested by the presence of the freshwater alga Volvox. The overall species composition of the diatoms suggests that the majority of taxa originated from a high-elevation lake or wetland in the cordillera surrounding the ice cap. The abundant diatom valves, up to 70 μm in size, likely were transported to the ice via wind. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We present a detailed comparison between subsequent versions of commercially available wavelength-scanned cavity ring-down water isotope analysers (L2120-iand L2130-i, Picarro Inc.). The analysers are used in parallel in a continuous mode by adaption of a low-volume flash evaporation module. Application of the analysers to ice-core analysis is assessed by comparison between continuous water isotope measurements of a glacial ice-core from Severnaya Zemlya with discrete isotope-ratio mass spectrometry measurements performed on parallel samples from the same ice-core. The great advances between instrument versions, particularly in the measurement of δ2H, allow the continuous technique to achieve the same high level of accuracy and precision obtained using traditional isotope spectrometry techniques in a fraction of the experiment time. However, when applied to continuous ice-core measurements, increased integration times result in a compromise of the achievable depth resolution of the ice-core records. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Plant waxes (e.g. long-chain n-alkanes) in ice cores are a promising paleovegetation proxy. However, much work needs to be done to assess how n-alkanes are transported from source areas to, and incorporated into, glacial archives. In this paper we present analyses of n-alkanes in seasonal snow and assess the information on source vegetation. n-Alkanes with carbon numbers C18 to C43 were extracted from snow samples collected at two sites in Hokkaido, northern Japan, during winter 2009-2010. Molecular distributions revealed that the majority of the n-alkanes originated from higher vegetation (ca. 65%), rather than anthropogenic sources. The distribution characteristics confirmed that the n-alkane signal had a wide regional origin, rather than a local source. We determined stable carbon and hydrogen isotopic compositions for the C27 n-alkane. The δ13C of the C27 (-28.2 to — 33.0%o) was more representative of C3 than C4 vegetation, while the δD of the C27 (—169.9 to — 223.l%o) indicated growth latitudes more northerly than Hokkaido. The n-alkanes in the snow preserve information about the source vegetation type (photosynthetic group, growth site), confirming that if deposited with seasonal snows that firnify to form glacial ice, they have potential to record broad, regional vegetation changes over time. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The recovery of the Camp Century deep ice core in 1966 – the first ice core to reach all the way through a polar ice sheet to bedrock – marked a shift from an era of United States military dominated glaciological research in Greenland to an era of climate oriented research on the island. This paper aims to provide an understanding of this shift. I show that the Camp Century ice core was at the heart of a complex blend of environmental, military and scientific interests. By deconstructing these interests, I ultimately show that the island of Greenland underwent two reimaginings during the early Cold War. First, the island was reimagined as part of the US Cold War military sphere: driven by the need to secure the North American continent, the US established a hegemonic military colonization of Greenland. In the second reimagining of the island, environmental geography led the way: the scientific results of the Camp Century ice core and political concern about climatic change converged in the early 1970s to build Greenland into a unique location for pursuing research on climate questions. This paper adds to the literature by contextualizing the Camp Century ice core at the interface between the history of science, environmental history and Cold War history, and thereby illuminating Greenland as a dual geopolitical entity and environmental space. By highlighting the interaction of climatic change, geophysical sciences and national security narratives, it responds to recent historiographic calls to unite a set of narratives which, too often, talk past one another. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

Sulfate and nitrate records from 5 ice cores spread across Svalbard were compared and revealed strong temporal similarities with previously published global estimates of SO22 and NOx anthropogenic emissions during the 20th century. A significant departure from the early century sulfate and nitrate levels was evident at all drilling sites starting from the mid-1940s. A steady increase was observed in both sulfate and nitrate profiles at most sites until the late 1960s, when the annual concentrations started to increase at a higher rate. This peak activity lasted for about a decade, and was observed to decrease steadily from the early 1980s on, when sulfate levels declined significantly and when nitrate levels finally reached sulfate levels for the first time in 20th century. The timing of these trends in Svalbard with global SO2 and NOx concentration profiles was best appraised when considering composite concentration profiles of all Svalbard ice cores for sulfate and nitrate, respectively. Composite profiles were also found to provide a convenient mean for distinguishing between the most important world source regions. Based on correlation analysis, the major pollutant sources appeared to be Western Europe and North America for both sulfate and nitrate, followed by Central Europe and former U.S.S.R. in generally similar proportions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A new technique for high-resolution simultaneous isotopic analysis of δ18O and δD in liquid water is presented. A continuous stream flash evaporator has been designed that is able to vapourise a stream of liquid water in a continuous mode and deliver a stable and finely controlled water vapour sample to a commercially available infrared cavity ring-down spectrometer. Injection of sub-microlitre amounts of the liquid water is achieved by pumping liquid water sample through a fused silica capillary and instantaneously vapourising it with 100% efficiency in a home-made oven at a temperature of 170 °C. The system's simplicity, low power consumption and low dead volume together with the possibility for automated unattended operation provides a solution for the calibration of laser instruments performing isotopic analysis of water vapour. Our work is mainly driven by the possibility to perform high-resolution online water isotopic analysis on continuous-flow analysis (CFA) systems typically used to analyse the chemical composition of ice cores drilled in polar regions. In the following, we describe the system's precision and stability and sensitivity to varying levels of sample size and we assess the observed memory effects. A test run with standard waters of different isotopic compositions is presented, demonstrating the ability to calibrate the spectrometer's measurements on a VSMOW scale with a relatively simple and fast procedure. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Annual accumulation records covering the period A.D. 1952-1998 were reconstructed using a 29.5-m ice core from the col of the Lanong Glacier (5850 m a.s.l.) on the eastern saddle of Mt. Nyainqentanglha, southern Tibetan Plateau. Using NCEP/ NCAR Reanalysis data, we explore the relationships between this ice-core accumulation record and primary components of the climate system. Linear correlation analysis between annual accumulation and climate components for the 47-yr overlap period indicates that annual accumulation variations are closely correlated with sea-surface and 500-mb air temperature over the North Indian Ocean and atmospheric circulation (surface pressure and geopotential height) over Asia (r > 0.34, P < 0.01). An intensification of atmospheric circulation and increase of seasurface and air temperatures, resulting in intensified moisture availability and moisture transport, have been a major cause for the increase of ice-core accumulation over the Mt. Nyainquentanglha region since the 1980s. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Based on the Guliya, Dunde, and Dasuopu ice cores and direct observations, we investigated the spatial and temporal variations in precipitation on the Tibetan Plateau over the past 500 yr. The variations in accumulation rates showed significant periodicities of 12.7, 7.6, 6.2, 5.4, 4.4, and 2.1 yr in the Guliya ice core, 9.5, 6.8, 5.7, and 2.1 yr in the Dunde ice core, and 12.3, 7.5, 6.3, 5.3, and 2.4 yr in the Dasuopu ice core. The periodicities displayed in these three ice core records are similar and correspond to the periodicities of the Quasi-Biennial Oscillation, the Southern Oscillation, the North Atlantic Oscillation, and the sunspot cycle. However, the accumulation rate from the Guliya and Dunde ice cores exhibited a generally decreasing trend, while the records from the Dasuopu ice core show a generally increasing trend over the entire period of interest. Our study also indicates that there is a strong negative correlation between the accumulation rates in the ice cores from the northern and southern Tibetan Plateau, especially on climatological (multidecadal or longer) time-scales. Modern meteorological observation data suggest that a dividing line between the northern and southern Tibetan Plateau with respect to variations in precipitation is located at ∼32-33°N. This dividing line coincides with other atmospheric, geographical, geological, and geophysical discontinuities. This suggests that interactions among these phenomena might help to understand the spatial patterns of climate over the Tibetan Plateau. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper describes some of the changes that affected the coastlines of South Uist and Benbecula following the 'Great Storm' of 11 January 2005. The paper considers historical changes in patterns of winter storminess and addresses the issue of whether or not there has been a recent increase in regional storminess, manifested partly by this particular storm. The paper concludes on the basis of available Greenland ice core chemistry data and historical climate data, together with recent meteorological data, that no such increase has taken place. This surprising conclusion is further discussed in relation to current thinking on the nature of recent climate change. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We apply two different time series analytical tools to δ18O records from two Svalbard ice cores. One ice core is from Lomonosovfonna at 1250 m a.s.l. and the other from Austfonna at 750 m a.s.l. These cores are estimated to cover at least the past 800 years and have been dated using a combination of known reference horizons and glacial modelling. Wavelet analysis reveals low frequency oscillations on the 60–120-year scale on the lower elevation site Austfonna while the higher altitude site on Lomonosovfonna does not reveal such variability throughout the record. The second method, Significant Zero Crossing of Derivates (SiZer) does not resolve the low-frequency periodicity seen in the wavelet analysis. The low-frequency variability resolved by the wavelet analysis is similar to what has been found in various climate records including instrumental temperatures and tree-rings, and has been proposed as the most important oscillation for the observed trends in Arctic air temperatures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Luobupo salt lake is famous for its ring shape which looks like a big ear observed from satellite image. These rings recorded the information about water retreat and advance. In this paper TM data is used to study the brightness of these rings and then deduce the paleoclimate. The result showed that the brightness curve of these rings has a similar climate trend to that deduced from Guliya ice core record. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]