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Traditional methods for quantifying the internal temperature of marine mammals require handling live animals, which is not practical for free-swimming baleen whales. Developing a less invasive, more repeatable method would significantly improve our understanding of whale health and thermal physiology. Infrared thermography (IRT) devices compatible with remotely piloted aircraft systems (RPAS) have facilitated qualitative assessments of heat signatures from marine mammals at sea, but absolute temperatures derived using this approach are rare. The goal of this study was to develop a precise empirical method for estimating intranasal temperatures of baleen whales using RPAS-based IRT. We conducted controlled field experiments and flights over North Atlantic right whales (Eubalaena glacialis, NARWs) to develop and test the methodology. Two approaches were evaluated to estimate intranasal temperatures from IRT sensor intensities: a three-point empirical line regression calibrated per flight using known-temperature objects and a generalized linear model incorporating environmental variables. Controlled field experiments demonstrated that the former approach had a median bias of −0.6°C (interquartile range: 1.5ºC), while the latter approach had unexplained negative proportional bias with increasing true temperature of the target object. After accounting for bias, the former approach yielded an average intranasal temperature of 26.9 ± 1.7°C for 21 unique NARWs. The anatomy of the mysticete upper respiratory tract and physiological heat conservation strategies may explain why estimates were low compared to internal temperatures measured from baleen whales using other techniques (30–39ºC). Variability within whales was less than ± 2°C, supporting the use of these methods to monitor the health of individuals over time. However, variability among whales was greater (up to 7ºC). Improvements in our understanding of whale physiology and respiratory mechanics and advancements in RPAS-based IRT calibrations could make this technology more reliable for assessing individual body temperatures and monitoring populations in the future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A systematic review examined the effectiveness of violence reduction therapy in detained forensic populations, capturing 23 papers. This demonstrated several themes and a failure to consider individual change alongside group effects. Consequently, the review was followed by evaluation of an aggression therapy program (Life Minus Violence-Enhanced: LMV-E) among adult male forensic patients (n = 26), which considered group and individual treatment change. Collectively, the research demonstrated a positive effect on emotional regulation (anger), with the ability to control and experience this particularly evidenced following therapy. The paper highlights the importance of accounting for individual change and developing theory informed evaluations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An increasing body of work has found higher education to be a challenging and stressful environment. Meanwhile, research on workaholism, characterised by an uncontrollable urge to work excessively, has been gaining momentum. However, few studies have explored its impact within higher education. This study addressed this gap by conducting 27 semi-structured interviews with academics in the greater Dublin region, exploring the micro, meso, and macro-level factors influencing workaholism. Using a constructivist grounded theory approach, the study examined workaholism in higher education, unpacking Clark, Smith, and Haynes ([2020]. "The Multidimensional Workaholism Scale: Linking the Conceptualization and Measurement of Workaholism." Journal of Applied Psychology 105 (11): 1281–1307.) recent definition of workaholism as a multidimensional construct comprising motivation, cognition, emotion, and behaviour. Twelve participants displayed tendencies of excessive working and constant thoughts about work, driven by negative feelings when not working. These tendencies were rooted in motivations to gain control and build a personal brand. All elements of workaholism have micro, meso, and macro influences, understood through a transdisciplinary lens. As a result, this study calls for responsible, sustainable management within higher education to avoid the negative impacts of workaholism on academics, students, and institutions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Protected areas provide significant recreational benefits worldwide, yet increasingly the behaviour of recreationalists can come into conflict with conservation goals. Zoning and limitations to access are options to reduce harm done by recreationalists in ecologically sensitive areas, but little is known about the economic impact of these management options. In this paper the contingent behaviour model (CBM) is used to estimate the change in recreational value of a protected coastal site after the implementation of a new zoning plan, which limits access to some areas. Unusually for a CBM, the alternative scenario presented to the recreationalists is an actual, rather than a hypothetical, change. Recreational value is predicted to decrease by €4.96 per annum per user, which is a small fraction of the total value. Results indicate that limiting access to sensitive ecosystems through zoning in protected areas can be done without economically significant reductions in site value. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Place-based branding strategies are important marketing tools for both regions and firms and take advantage of consumers' embrace of the local in response to globalisation. Craft-brewing is a particularly salient user of these strategies and provides ample data. We use a dataset of breweries, their marketing language and their consumer ratings to study the effectiveness of place-based branding. We use named entity recognition to count references to geography, and measure how these references impact ratings. We find a strong, positive link between the number of place-based labels and a brewery's rating, suggesting consumers are receptive to placed-based branding. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The professional development (PD) of early childhood educators (ECEs) is key to childcare quality. The Professional Learning Community (PLC) model has been well-researched in K-12 settings and is found to have advantages over traditional models of PD; thus, it holds promise for educators in other settings such as early childhood education centers. Indeed, there is an increasing call for the implementation of this model in ECE settings. Some research has found that supporting ECEs' professional learning (PL) through PLC development is a promising approach; nonetheless, PLCs remain under-researched in early childhood contexts, and findings are less conclusive. The current study examined the potential of PLC development for supporting learning about Dialogic Reading (DR) – a topic of interest to ECEs. In the current study, ECEs in one Canadian context participated in an online project in which they concurrently learned about the PLC model and DR. Our research, including ECEs' written reflections, and video data of the ECE-child storybook reading, yielded novel findings. These findings suggest that ECEs learned to employ the specific techniques of dialogic reading for engaging children and enriching the dialogic interactions during storybook reading, while also learning to enact processes associated with a PLC model. The ECEs attributed several features of the PLC model to deepening their DR learning. These findings and their implications for practice and future research are further considered. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The current study investigated adolescents' (N = 213) decision finding processes and affective reactions to interactions on social media via 29 focus groups. As part of a larger study, adolescents participated in focus groups at two time-points across an academic year while participating in a school-based intervention promoting healthy romantic, interpersonal, and family relationships, job readiness, and financial literacy. Qualitative analyses indicated adolescents' experiences and decisions on social media platforms were informed by their awareness of audiences, namely who they thought would view their posts and anticipated responses from "friends," "family members," "fans," "creeps," and "potential employers." Comprehensive school-based interventions may serve to effectively develop responsibility more broadly, as well as a specific awareness about online risks and behaviors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

COB-MS is an eight-session, Cognitive Occupation-Based programme for people with both MS and cognitive difficulty – designed to enhance cognition and daily functioning, through a combination of goal-setting, cognitive strategy engagement, group activities, home-practice activities and one-on-one sessions. This research aims to investigate the acceptability of COB-MS from the perspective of people living with MS, as well as the occupational therapists who facilitated the programme. Two content analyses were conducted on interview data from (n = 11) COB-MS participants and (n = 8) COB-MS facilitators. Thematic analysis was also conducted on the participant interview data. Through a, primary, content analysis, participants reported that the COB-MS provided both a positive experience and quality resources. Qualitative improvement and utilisation of their learning beyond completion of the intervention were also identified. Four themes were identified via, secondary, thematic analysis: (1) Group interaction within COB-MS was vital; (2) Online COB-MS had positive and negative effects on participation; (3) COB-MS as a provider of clarity; and (4) Using learned strategies after the completion of COB-MS. Recommendations for future administration are provided. Findings suggest COB-MS acceptability, as well as appropriateness and feasibility, indicative of progression to a definitive trial in future research. ISRCTN: ISRCTN11462710. Registered on 9 September 2019. Cognitive difficulties associated with multiple sclerosis (MS) impact on daily life activities and are considered invisible MS symptoms. This invisibility and the lack of acknowledgement of such symptoms often adds to the distress experienced by people with MS. Occupational therapists are well-placed to address the daily-life impacts of cognitive difficulties in MS. The COB-MS is an occupation-focused intervention that aims to enhance daily function. The intervention was found to be well-accepted well by people with MS and occupational therapists and can feasibly be delivered in clinical practice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Globally, terrestrial invertebrates are in decline, in part due to habitat fragmentation. Footpaths provide nature-based recreation to the public but can present small-scale spatially continuous changes in forest dynamics. However, their effects on terrestrial invertebrate communities are unknown. Pitfall trapping was undertaken to identify whether terrestrial invertebrate communities were disrupted by a popular recreational footpath in Blean Woods, an ancient UK woodland. The study identified 720 invertebrates across 36 taxa from 20 footpath edge and forest interior traps. It was found that footpaths did not significantly affect terrestrial invertebrate communities. There was no difference in the taxonomic abundance, richness, and diversity; invertebrate trait abundance and richness; or invertebrate community composition between the footpath edge and woodland interior traps. Thus, footpaths in Blean Woods do not disturb the terrestrial invertebrate community, and therefore present a sustainable mechanism for facilitating public engagement with conservation in a nationally important protected ancient woodland. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article describes how, the authors, as members of an action research writing group, responded to a comment about feeling vulnerable in risking bringing their work-in-progress to the group and in giving feedback to colleagues by adopting a cooperative inquiry approach to explore vulnerability and risk in the group. In cooperative inquiry group members act as both co-researcher and co-subject in the inquiry and action. The article describes the evolution of the group and how the topic of exploring risk and vulnerability emerged. The group's exploration is grounded in the theory and practice of cooperative inquiry that gives voice to the group members questioning and reflecting. The article concludes by offering three propositions to enhance the work of writing groups. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Recent global and regional assessments of the Intergovernmental Science-Policy Platform on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services (IPBES) show that Nature's Contributions to People (NCP) are under an alarming threat due to the continuing loss of biodiversity. These assessments call for increasing conservation efforts and a more sustainable use of biodiversity to enhance the chances of halting biodiversity loss and reversing current trends. One of the strategies to achieve change is to mainstream biodiversity into sectoral policies. Mainstreaming, a concept that can be traced back to the Brundtland report, promotes the integration of the environment into political, societal, and economic planning and decision-making. Based on the review of key studies undertaken during the regional assessment for Europe and Central Asia, we develop a stepwise approach to analyze the current status of mainstreaming of biodiversity and NCP. The approach can be used both for policy design purposes and diagnostic evaluations. It demonstrates that mainstreaming has the potential to improve the conservation and sustainable use of biodiversity as well as the sustained provision of NCP. However, based on the status of implementation across Europe and Central Asia, we conclude that mainstreaming needs to be pursued and implemented in a stronger and more systematic way. The results of our assessment provide important input to national strategies and policies but also to the ongoing process of the Conference of the Parties to the Convention on Biological Diversity while developing the post-2020 global biodiversity framework. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The growing body of research on telehealth services provides evidence of the efficacy of services and the possibility for greater accessibility of counseling services for hard-to-reach clients. However, less is known how clients think about the process of telehealth for mental health services. This study focused on two dimensions of client perception: telehealth difficulties and telehealth technology competency. This study examined the factor structure of two client-reported new measures, the Telehealth Difficulties Scale and the Telehealth Technology Competency Scale, through exploratory factor analyses. Results found that both measures had a one-factor structure with a high degree of reliability. Implications for these results are discussed, and future directions are given. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Recently, it has been suggested that gender disparity in Occupational Therapy has to do with segregated gendered job norms that position female dominated professions as a 'step down' for many males. Interestingly, this suggestion was not underpinned by experiences of males in the profession. Thirteen male Occupational Therapists with a variety of backgrounds were invited to this Round Table research, focussing on the broader issue of the existing gender imbalance in Occupational Therapy. Two themes emerged: 'The core values of the profession', and 'Broadening the scope of the profession'; none of them suggesting that male/female imbalance was necessarily the most pressing issue. A gender-unrelated approach to everyday problem-solving was put forward to achieve increased diversity in Occupational Therapists' backgrounds, better reflecting the people they serve. By broadening the scope and the way the profession is presented, and encouraging innovative and more entrepreneurially driven approaches, diversity in the workforce could be further facilitated. These findings are discussed within the context of 'The mutual constitution of cultures and selves' model. Diversity in the Occupational therapy workforce could be further facilitated with a shift in focus away from the male/female perspective to an intersectional approach. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We investigated how engagement in activism among white women is predicted by their political efficacy, exposure to gendered microaggressions (i.e., verbal and/or nonverbal slights targeting a subordinate gender identity), and color-blind racial attitudes. We recruited 93 white undergraduate women for whom exposure to gendered microaggressions, color-blind racial attitudes, and political efficacy explained a significant proportion of variance in participants' ratings of political activism on social media, although these predictors did not significantly explain a proportion of the variance in their in-person political activism (e.g., rally attendance). We discuss how these findings relate to the current literature, as well as implications and future directions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Reliable remote cognitive testing could provide a safer assessment of cognitive impairment in multiple sclerosis (MS) during the COVID-19 pandemic and thereafter. Here we aimed to investigate the reliability and feasibility of administering Brief International Cognitive Assessment for MS (BICAMS) and the Trail-Making Test (TMT) to people with MS online. Between-group differences on BICAMS and the TMT were examined in a sample of 68 participants. Group 1 (N = 34) was tested in-person pre-pandemic. Group 2 was tested remotely. Within-group differences for in-person and virtual administrations were examined for Group 1. No significant differences between virtual and in-person administrations of the CVLT-II and SDMT were detected. BVMT-R scores were significantly higher for virtual administrations (M = 20.59, SD = 6.65) compared to in-person administrations (M = 16.35, SD = 6.05), possibly indicating inter-rater differences. Strong positive correlations were found for in-person and virtual scores within Group 1 on the CVLT-II (r =.84), SDMT (r =.85), TMT-A (r =.88), TMT-B (r =.76) and BVMT-R (r =.72). No significant differences between in-person and remote administrations of CVLT-II and SDMT in people living with MS were detected. Recommendations for future studies employing the TMT and BVMT-R online are provided. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Fifteen percent of individuals who sustain a concussion develop persistent concussion symptoms (PCS). Recent literature has demonstrated atrophy of the frontal, parietal, and cerebellar regions following acute concussive injury. The frontoparietal-cerebellar network is essential for the performance of visuomotor transformation tasks requiring cognitive-motor integration (CMI), important for daily function. We investigated cortical and subcortical structural differences and how these differences are associated with CMI performance in those with PCS versus healthy controls. Twenty-six age-matched female participants (13 PCS, 13 healthy) completed four visuomotor tasks. Additionally, MR-images were analyzed for cortical thickness and volume, and cerebellar lobule volume. No statistically significant group differences were found in CMI performance. However, those with PCS demonstrated a significantly thicker and larger precuneus, and significantly smaller cerebellar lobules (VIIIa, VIIIb, X) compared to controls. When groups were combined, volumes of both the cerebellar lobules and cortical regions were associated with CMI task performance. The lack of behavioral differences combined with the structural differences may reflect a compensatory mechanism for those with PCS. In addition, this study highlights the effectiveness of CMI tasks in estimating the structural integrity of the frontoparietal-cerebellar network and is among the first to demonstrate structural correlates of PCS. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Racial microaggressions are receiving growing attention in the research literature, as we know that they negatively impact People of Color. We explored the impact of a bystander to microaggression workshop that was implemented at a Predominantly White Institution. Participants were randomly assigned to the workshop condition or received a control intervention about ethics that did not address microaggression. We administered pre- and posttest surveys to assess knowledge and measures to assess color-blind attitudes and the degree to which participants felt such trainings are necessary. We found that the intervention was successful in improving participants' understanding of microaggressions and that higher endorsement of color-blind racial attitudes predicted less satisfaction with workshop, which was explained by interpretation of microaggressions unharmful. Implications and future directions for research are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: Adherence to inhaled corticosteroids (ICS) among young adults living with asthma is low and in need of appropriate intervention. Digital health interventions (DHIs) have demonstrated potential to improve ICS adherence; however, young adult preferences for these DHIs and how their use could support adherence in this population remain understudied. Therefore, this study aimed to explore young adult preferences for ICS adherence supports and potential DHI features to deliver these supports, in order to improve adherence behaviour throughout this critical developmental stage of the lifespan. Methods: Qualitative, semi-structured interviews were conducted with 13 young adults living with asthma. Analysis followed an inductive, reflexive thematic approach. Results: Participant's age ranged from 18 to 30 years (M = 24.7; 8 female). Three themes were developed from the analysis: 'Enabling young adults to find their 'own way of knowing', 'Support for making a habit of adherence', and 'Providing accessible information' which included the sub-themes: 'Education on asthma self-management and medication', 'Self-monitoring information' and 'Personal feedback on outcomes of adherence'. Suggested features to deliver these supports included a medication and prescription refill reminder, adherence charts, symptom and trigger monitoring, rewards for adherence, visual representations of lungs demonstrating the impact of adherence and lung function monitoring. Conclusion: DHIs may offer an appropriate solution to improve suboptimal adherence to ICS in young adults. However, it is crucial that young adult preferences for adherence supports and features are integrated into these interventions in order to optimise engagement and support adherence behaviour in this population. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The goal of this work was to explore ways, within an existing engineering curriculum, to address the culture of disengagement by challenging the dominant engineering mindset. We conducted Collaborative Action Research to explore the implementation of Transformative Learning pedagogies in a Human-Centered Design context to understand how students make meaning of engineering contexts that involve unique sociotechnical considerations. Findings suggest that introducing students to such contexts allows them to use other points of view which can challenge the dominant engineering mindset and promote openness to the social nature of engineering, resulting in a more informed understanding of the nature of engineering overall. Furthermore, adopting Transformative Learning Theory as a framework for understanding and interpreting how the points of view students utilize can address the culture of disengagement by challenging the dominant engineering mindset. A framework connecting students' points of view to their understanding of the nature of engineering is provided. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

One of the most persistent and troubling health disparities is the underutilization of mental health services by individuals with marginalized aspects of their identity. We provide a critical review of the literature of barriers to psychotherapy initiation and the connection to social determinants of health. We propose a change from a deficit-based view of the problem to a strength-based view that include the following strategies: family therapy treatments designed to reduce barriers, telehealth as an option to address treatment barriers, changes to the recruitment of therapists-in-training, and person of the therapist development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Asthma action plans (AAP) are recommended to guide asthma management. Written AAPs (WAAPs) are under-utilized and can be difficult to understand. Our study designed and tested a simplified pictorial AAP (PAAP). We hypothesized that better outcomes would be obtained for youth with the PAAP. One hundred and sixty-nine (169) youth (aged 8–17; AAP-naïve) were screened for this pilot, 2-arm randomized controlled trial. Feasibility, usability and preliminary efficacy of PAAP compared to a WAAP, for improving outcomes (inhaled corticosteroid (ICS) adherence, symptom control, AAP knowledge, AAP satisfaction) were assessed quantitatively. Youth received an AAP from their physician after completing baseline measures and completed measures at three additional time points (1-, 3-, and 6-month). Forty-five youth were recruited (PAAP = 22; WAAP = 23). Youth AAP knowledge was higher for the PAAP group compared to the WAAP group (p =.017). ICS adherence did not differ between groups, over time, or based on prescribed dosing; however, for WAAP participants, adherence was lower with a higher daily prescription (4 puffs) relative to a lower dose (p =.006). Symptom control improved with both AAPs, but the change was not statistically significant. Lung function did not change significantly by AAP type or time, and literacy variables were not related significantly to outcomes. Youth satisfaction with AAP improved significantly for the PAAP group compared to the WAAP group (p =.03). Higher AAP knowledge and satisfaction among youth in the PAAP group suggests that structured education from a physician using a PAAP is beneficial. Intervention and study design insights gained will guide future research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We designed this theory-building study to discover how split alliances are manifested in couple therapy. From an archival database, we selected four cases in which the partners' self-reported alliances with the therapist were highly discrepant. An intensive analysis of each session was conducted to model the underlying therapeutic system based on interactional frequencies, a measure of interpersonal closeness, and identify alliance-related behaviors exhibited by clients and therapists using the multidimensional System for Observing Family Therapy Alliances. Results showed consistencies as well as variability across cases, largely reflecting the four (heterosexual) couples' pre-disposing problems and relational characteristics. Spatial maps of each session reflected the unbalanced alliance perceptions in two of the four cases. Whereas behavioral indicators of clients' engagement and emotional connection with their therapists varied widely, a problematic within-system alliance was observed in every case. Cross-blaming and discussion of an attachment injury were also observed across cases. While the therapists were largely engaging, affirming and supportive, in two split alliance sessions they displayed considerably more empathy for the male partner than the female partner. In many ways the results supported and extended the literature on alliances in general and split alliances in particular. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Clinicians may have to adapt their online marketing and engagement strategies to convey messages regarding COVID-19 and telehealth appointments for current and potential clients. This study reports the results of a linguistic inquiry of ways therapists presented telehealth services, advertised on their professional websites in six cities in the United States, during the COVID-19 global pandemic. Results of the analysis indicated that while MFTs use positive emotional tone in their language, the authenticity scores were poor. Dimensions of Clout and analytical language scored high. This suggests that MFTs use language that is professional, but distant, or inauthentic. Implications are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present moment of deep transition, as well as being a time of danger, presents an opportunity for positive renewal. This paper develops a model of deep institutional innovation at times of historic change such as the present and outlines a research agenda aimed at initiating a holistic assessment of the main foundational institutions in society and re-imagining them in ways that will allow them to fulfill their basic ethical and effectiveness functions. Such a fundamental critique and re-imaging, the paper argues, is essential if global challenges are to be mitigated and resolved. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Firm growth has been studied extensively, yet limited attention has been devoted specifically to growth in women-owned firms. Women entrepreneurship studies to date has focused largely on the start-up rather than the growth stage. Given the dearth of research with this focus and the recognized prime role of the entrepreneur in driving firm growth, this study focuses on the specific human capabilities driving firm growth, through a survey of 172 micro and small women-owned established firms in Ireland. Regression analysis highlights that specific human capabilities (education, managerial experiences and being team-led) strongly influence firm-financial growth. These human capabilities are leveraged to maximize financial growth, but not employment growth. Therefore, employment as a measure of growth may be a barrier to access policy supports and initiatives for this cohort of entrepreneurs. We contribute a more nuanced understanding of growth from a resource-based view, in women-owned established micro and small firms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, the discrete choice experiment approach was employed in a survey of the Scottish general public to analyze how respondents make tradeoffs between blue growth potential and marine ecosystem service delivery associated with the Mingulay cold water reef complex. Results indicate a higher willingness to pay for management options associated with the highest possible levels of marine litter control followed by the highest possible levels of fish health. Using entropy balancing, a multivariate reweighting method to produce balanced samples in observational studies, we also test the impact that having watched the BBC Blue Planet II documentary series may have had on individuals' willingness to support marine conservation activity. Whether or not respondents had seen the BBC Blue Planet II series was found to have a significant impact on people's preferences. Despite this, the willingness to pay (WTP) does not differ between the two groups, suggesting that such documentaries may impact preferences but not the final action of WTP. It is argued that the entropy weighting approach can be a useful tool in discrete choice modeling when the researcher is concerned with estimating differences in preferences between a group of interest and a comparison group. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Evidence for the effectiveness of occupational therapy for people with multiple sclerosis (MS) is yet to be established. To review the evidence regarding the effectiveness of occupational therapy interventions in improving outcomes for adults with MS. We completed a scoping review of occupational therapy and multiple sclerosis following a scoping review methodological framework. Search included articles published up until June 2019. Studies were included if they were original research that included adults with MS published in English and assessed interventions delivered by occupational therapists. The search yielded 1646 results. Following screening and review of articles, thirty papers met the inclusion criteria and were included in the review. Studies were charted and discussed in the areas of: (1) fatigue management or energy conservation; (2) upper-limb rehabilitation; (3) occupation-focussed cognitive rehabilitation; and (4) other types of interventions. The quality of evidence that exists for occupational therapy with people with MS is mixed but there are studies that show that occupational therapy can improve occupational and other outcomes in this population. Significance: Patients have reported many benefits of occupational therapy but the evidence-base to support this needs to be developed. Occupational therapists are well-placed to intervene with multiple sclerosis symptoms. Evidence for the effectiveness of occupational therapy for people with multiple sclerosis is yet to be established. Fatigue management programmes delivered by occupational therapists are effective in reducing symptoms. Additional training in client-centred practice is no more effective than usual occupational therapy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper explores parents' experiences of breaking news and communicating to the child with cancer and their siblings, and identifies the supports parents request to help them in this role. This paper represents one component of a wider action research study which employed mixed methods to explore supports needed by parents of children with a cancer diagnosis in the Republic of Ireland. This paper reports on the survey phase of the study, which involved the distribution of a postal survey to 550 families of children in cancer treatment and remission. This survey included four open-ended questions exploring parents' experiences of breaking news and communicating about the illness to the ill child and his/her siblings. Descriptive statistics on the profile of the parents were generated with computer software package SPSS and qualitative responses were analyzed using the survey questions as the initial framework. Parents identified four interventions that helped ease the distress of these difficult conversations: coaching, resources, team engagement, and play therapy. Parents expressed concern for siblings, describing them as "suffering" and "forgotten". Parents requested four sibling-specific interventions: the creation of resources for siblings, therapeutic support, coaching for parent-sibling conversations, standardize a family meeting with the multi-disciplinary team that includes siblings. This paper demonstrates how the practical supports requested by parents which are consistent with the principles embedded within the internationally defined psychosocial standards of care could be translated into practice when supporting parents to communicate with children in the context of pediatric cancer. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Is there a way to soften the impact of another financial crisis? As national governments and global institutions grapple with the coronavirus pandemic, popular discussion has turned to how countries might overcome the social, economic, and financial disruption posed by the virus and its multi-system fallout. One lesson learned from the Global Financial Crisis of 2008 is that a drive for efficiency and the elimination of redundancy characterized the global financial system of the mid-2000s, and left much of the world exposed to systemic disruption. An overemphasis upon protecting or hardening core systems of governance and finance may not adequately protect against a range of disruptions in an uncertain future. Instead, resilience-thinking is needed to better position national and global financial institutions towards a recovery-oriented path. We describe how resilience-based policy can help lessen the long-term impacts of financial disruption posed by unpredictable events such as a pandemic. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This systematic review will examine the social support needs of bereaved parents in the specific context of pediatric cancer by synthesizing the qualitative evidence. Social support encompasses emotional, practical, informational, and meaning-making support needs. The Joanna Briggs Institute procedures for conducting qualitative systematic reviews guided every stage of this review. Four databases (PsychInfo, CINAHL, Pubmed, and ASSIA) were systematically searched, in addition to the gray literature and scoping review. Through a five-step critical appraisal process 11 out of 668 potential articles were identified as meeting the inclusion criteria. Relevant findings were synthesized with a thematic-synthesis approach. Findings, which follow the journey of bereaved parents integrated under the core-category "Needs." This encompasses of four higher-level categories: Last days: Parent needs when caring for their dying child Rest in peace: Parent needs during the child's death Feeling abandoned: Parent needs for contact after the child's death Searching for Meaning: Parents needs when making sense of loss Informational support needs is largely unexplored in academic literature. Staff in the treating-hospital are central in offering bereavement-support to parents, who may otherwise feel that they have lost their second home (hospital) and second family (staff). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In article the author talks about a professor who teaches Literature and has authored many books.

The disposition and metabolism of prexasertib, a CHK-1 inhibitor was characterised over a 120 h period following a single 170-mg intravenous dose of [14C]prexasertib (50 µCi) to 6 patients with advanced/metastatic solid tumours. The prexasertib safety profile was consistent with prior studies. Plasma, urine, and faeces were analysed for radioactivity, prexasertib, and metabolites. Geometric mean t1/2 in plasma was 34.2 h for prexasertib and 73.8 h for total radioactivity. Unchanged prexasertib accounted for approximately 9% of plasma total radioactivity, indicating extensive metabolism by the presence of circulating metabolites. Both renal and faecal excretion were identified as important routes of elimination since 41.8% (±12.9%) of the total administered radioactivity was recovered in the renal excretions and 32.2% (±7.28%) in the faecal excretions. Mean renal clearance was approximately 15% of the total systemic clearance, while biliary clearance was also low. Prexasertib was cleared predominantly by metabolism with only 23% of the dose recovered in excreta as intact drug. Radioactivity was eliminated predominantly within 72 h in urine, but faecal elimination was protracted. The metabolism of prexasertib was complex while primary metabolic clearance pathways involved were oxidative deamination, O-dealkylation, mono-oxidation, and possibly direct glucuronide conjugation. Although prexasertib was the major component in plasma, up to 11 metabolites were observed. The most abundant metabolites identified in plasma were glucuronides and none of these are expected to contribute to the pharmacological activity or pose a safety concern. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: The objective of this longitudinal study examined, first, whether people with multiple sclerosis who previously advocated for angioplasty to treat chronic cerebral spinal venous insufficiency (CCSVI) through YouTube continued reporting benefits. Second, it examined a new cohort reporting on CCSVI treatment, and third, whether perspectives have changed.Method: YouTube videos from August 2011 to January 2019 related to CCSVI were retrieved. Once retrieved, all videos were compiled, classified and analyzed. Categorical data were reported and a pre-determined code-book was used to code videos. Data from the videos were extracted and analyzed using discourse analysis.Results: 1293 videos related to CCSVI were uploaded by 54 people with multiple sclerosis who met the inclusion criteria. YouTube videos uploaded by people with multiple sclerosis have shifted in volume and message. The initial surge in interest in CCSVI treatment has diminished, but there still exists strong advocates for its use. There appears to be an inconsistency between positive results, actual improvements in symptoms, and the overall messages reported. Very little long-term data was available as the procedure is relatively new.Conclusion: Practitioners may be faced with pressure to provide unproven treatments in the future and should be understanding but evidence-driven when supporting multiple sclerosis therapies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

There are ambitious plans to construct an extensive network of off-road walking and cycling routes, known as greenways, across Ireland. However, land acquisition has proven challenging in some rural areas. This paper uses a contingent valuation study, based on the Teagasc National Farm Survey (NFS) of Ireland, to explore farmers' willingness to participate in greenway development. The results reveal that farmers are split on the issue of greenway land acquisition: approximately half would not allow a route to run through their farm, irrespective of compensation. Farmers' main concerns in this regard are: insurance, impact on farming operations and nuisance/crime. Of the farmers willing to participate in greenway development, the mean (once-off) payment required is €56,000 per kilometre of greenway length. These findings suggest that Irish Government agencies and local authorities must work to alleviate farmers' concerns and undertake extensive consultation to yield acceptable route options. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents a design-based research project undertaken to test and implement an interest-based engineering challenges framework for pre-college students. This work is motivated by the need for innovative engineering education practices in pre-college settings, and making engineering more inclusive for people from diverse backgrounds. The design-based research methodology can be challenging to implement as it comprises of multiple, cyclical research activities that provide challenges in documenting and communicating the larger study's progress. This paper presents findings from this continuously evolving study, and also the design and implementation of this design-based research at roughly the halfway point for a four-year study. Each of the consequent versions scaffold to answer the broader research questions of the study pertaining to: engineering appealing to students' personal interests, empowering underrepresented groups to find meaningful connections to engineering, leading more authentic engagement in engineering and design practices, and improving students' attitudes and perception of engineering. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Racial microaggressions, or subtle race-based insults are associated with negative consequences for receivers. Institutional racism in education directly influences the dissemination of these transgressions in schools, as school personnel may engage in microaggressive behavior toward each other and their students. Given recent calls to address racism, schools and districts may seek to implement trainings to improve school personnel's understanding of these transgressions and their consequences. As part of the current study, we explored factors that might contribute to school personnel's satisfaction with a microaggression training. Participants completed survey items to assess their colorblind racial attitudes, satisfaction with the workshop, and their perceptions surrounding the need for such trainings. We found that colorblind attitudes and perceptions of necessity predicted satisfaction. Implications and future directions for research are discussed. Impact Statement Calls to address racial injustice in response to the murders of George Floyd and Breonna Taylor during the summer of 2021 have produced an increase in requests for antiracism workshops and trainings across several organizations and professions. In K–12 schools, these trainings may be beneficial in helping school personnel learn about and address racial microaggressions (race-based insults), which may hinder students' success. Although it is imperative that these conversations take place, it is equally important that we are able to understand how school personnel engage in these trainings to increase the likelihood that their behavior will change because of participation. The goal of this study was to understand factors that contribute to school personnel's satisfaction with a microaggression training. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Owing to their low weight-to-high strength ratio and recyclable features, the natural fibers are the most potential choice in place of synthetic fibers and been used as reinforcement materials in polymer matrix composites. Characterization of Ceiba pentandra bark fibers (CPFs) such chemical analysis, Fourier Transform-Infrared Analysis (FTIR), X-ray diffraction, thermogravimetric analysis, and Differential thermogravimetric analysis (DTG) analysis has analyzed. CPFs contain 60.9% (w/w) of cellulose, 17.5% (w/w) of hemicellulose, and 23.5% (w/w) of lignin. Besides, its density and crystallinity index are 682 kg m−3 and 57.94%, respectively. TG and DTG analysis discovered that CPFs are thermally stable up to 342.1°C. Further, all the resources of CPFs ensured that it can be an excellent alternative for synthetic fibers in polymer matrix composites. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: Asthma action plans (AAPs) provide asthma management instructions to families; however, AAPs typically are written at a 7th-9th grade reading level, making them less useful in lower literacy families. There is a need to develop simpler AAP formats and content to optimize their utility across all families, including those who are rural and may be at a risk for literacy concerns. Because using pictures can simplify and enhance health education, our study's aim was to develop a pictorial AAP through a series of focus groups with key stakeholders - youth with asthma, caregivers, and physicians. Methods: Fourteen caregiver/youth dyads and four physicians participated in separate focus groups where their preferences for pictorial AAP structure and content were obtained. Focus groups were audio recorded, transcribed, coded with ATLAS.ti, and analyzed for themes. Results: Youth and their caregivers prefer that the AAPs include simple, cartoon-like pictures customized to the patient. Physicians emphasized AAP's capability to display pictures of controller medication given its importance in preventing asthma exacerbations. A stoplight format, currently used in most written AAPs, received positive reviews. Specific suggestions for pictures showing symptoms, medications, and how to take medication were suggested. Words and short phrases accompanying the pictures were thought to add clarity. Conclusions: Key stakeholders viewed pictorial AAPs as positive and potentially effective alternatives to standard written AAPs. It is expected that low literacy youth and caregivers would more easily understand a pictorial AAP presentation, which should facilitate better medication adherence and asthma outcomes in these children. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: For half a century, a high level of total cholesterol (TC) or low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) has been considered to be the major cause of atherosclerosis and cardiovascular disease (CVD), and statin treatment has been widely promoted for cardiovascular prevention. However, there is an increasing understanding that the mechanisms are more complicated and that statin treatment, in particular when used as primary prevention, is of doubtful benefit. Areas covered: The authors of three large reviews recently published by statin advocates have attempted to validate the current dogma. This article delineates the serious errors in these three reviews as well as other obvious falsifications of the cholesterol hypothesis. Expert commentary: Our search for falsifications of the cholesterol hypothesis confirms that it is unable to satisfy any of the Bradford Hill criteria for causality and that the conclusions of the authors of the three reviews are based on misleading statistics, exclusion of unsuccessful trials and by ignoring numerous contradictory observations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The Division of Orthopaedic Surgery at the University of Toronto implemented a pilot residency training program that used a competency-based framework in July of 2009. The competency-based curriculum (CBC) deployed an innovative, modularized approach that dramatically intensified both the structured learning elements and the assessment processes. Methods: This paper discusses the initial curriculum design of the CBC pilot program; the refinement of the curriculum using curriculum mapping that allowed for efficiencies in educational delivery; details of evaluating resident competence; feedback from external reviews by accrediting bodies; and trainee and program outcomes for the first eight years of the program's implementation. Results: Feedback from the residents, the faculty, and the postgraduate residency training accreditation bodies on the CBC has been positive and suggests that the essential framework of the program may provide a valuable tool to other programs that are contemplating embarking on transition to competency-based education. Conclusions: While the goal of the program was not to shorten training per se, efficiencies gained through a modular, competency-based program have resulted in shortened time to completion of residency training for some learners. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In a national survey of witnessing racism, ten per cent of respondents reported an event where they perceived a white Australian had been the target of racism. We discuss the social and political context in which claims of anti-white ‘racism’ have come to the fore. The paper introduces three analytical entry points from which to approach the problem of anti-white ‘racism’: an individual analysis, an analysis of power and its effects, and a historical and structural analysis. These entry points cascade into each other, revealing both divergence in how these reported experiences might be understood and the tensions between different ways of approaching the analytical problem of claims of anti-white ‘racism’. We explore the characteristics of those who report witnessing anti-white ‘racism’ and examine the contexts within which anti-white ‘racism’ is perceived to have occurred. The racialised incidents reported are analysed in their specificities; we attend to the individuals involved and their social positioning, the historical context and how the event relates to structures and histories of domination. The paper highlights the asymmetry of claims to race based victimhood, emphasising the differences between anti-white ‘racism’ and other experiences of racism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: Practice guidelines in ALS care emphasise the role of the patient and their family in the decision-making process. We aimed to examine the ALS patient/family relationship in the decision-making process and to ascertain how patients and their family can shape one another’s decisions pertaining to care. Methods: We conducted a review of peer-reviewed empirical research, published in full and in English between January 2007 and January 2017, relating to care decision-making among ALS patients and their family. Database sources included: Medline; CINAHL; AMED; PsycINFO; PsycARTICLES; and Social Sciences Full Text. A narrative synthesis was undertaken. Results: Forty-seven studies from the empirical literature were extracted. The family viewpoint was captured primarily from family members with direct care-giving duties. Patients’ cognitive status was not routinely assessed. The findings revealed that the decision-making process in ALS care can be contoured by patients’ and family caregivers’ perceived responsibilities to one another and to the wider family. Conclusions: Greater attention to family member roles beyond the primary caregiver role is needed. Strategies that integrate cognitively-impaired patients into the family decision-making process require investigation. Identification of the domains in which ALS patients and their family members support one another in the decision-making process could facilitate the development of patient/family decision-making tools in ALS care. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Providing quality health care services in humanitarian settings is challenging due to population displacement, lack of qualified staff and supervisory oversight, and disruption of supply chains. This study explored whether a participatory quality improvement (QI) intervention could be used in a protracted conflict setting to improve facility-based maternal and newborn care. A longitudinal quasi-experimental design was used to examine delivery of maternal and newborn care components at 12 health facilities in eastern Democratic Republic of Congo. Study facilities were split into two groups, with both groups receiving an initial “standard” intervention of clinical training. The “enhanced” intervention group then applied a QI methodology, which involved QI teams in each facility, supported by coaches, testing small changes to improve care. This paper presents findings on two of the study outcomes: delivery of active management of the third stage of labour (AMTSL) and essential newborn care (ENC). We measured AMTSL and ENC through exit interviews with post-partum women and matched partographs at baseline and endline over a 9-month period. Using generalised equation estimation models, the enhanced intervention group showed a greater rate of change than the control group for AMTSL (aOR 3.47, 95% CI: 1.17–10.23) and ENC (OR: 49.62, 95% CI: 2.79–888.28), and achieved 100% ENC completion at endline. This is one of the first studies where this QI methodology has been used in a protracted conflict setting. A method where health staff take ownership of improving care is of even greater value in a humanitarian context where external resources and support are scarce. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

This paper pursues the central thesis that the construction of the eighteenth-century spectator of tragedy as passive opens the self to a radical experience of otherness and a compassionate relationship to the public sphere. The paper examines two related arguments: first, that eighteenth-century tragedy and aesthetic autonomy are related, and that the persistent dismissal of eighteenth-century tragedy as effete and its audiences as complacently bourgeois might be overturned by another look at Adorno's ambivalent definition of aesthetic autonomy; second, that the tragedy of the early eighteenth century develops a special relationship to passivity, both onstage and in its characterisation of its own spectators, and that this passivity is understood to be a comment on tragic form. I conclude that passivity has a specific contemplative moral value in the early eighteenth century, and that its value is incorporated into ethical concepts of aesthetic apprehension. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

Background: In some jurisdictions, persons who are convicted of driving under the influence of alcohol (DUI) are allowed to serve some portion of their prison sentence under home confinement as part of Intensive Supervision Programs (ISPs) which include pre-release psycho-education and close post-release supervision.Objectives: Test the hypothesis that persons convicted of DUI offenses who have spent some portion of their sentence under home confinement, as compared to a historical comparison group, will exhibit a relatively low re-conviction rate.Methods: Using administrative data for 1,410 repeat DUI offenders (302 members of the historical comparison group, 948 ISP members, and 160 persons who appear in both groups at different points in time), with a follow-up period of up to 3 years and 10 months, a marginal Cox model was employed to compare conviction rates of persons who experienced intensive supervision and home confinement with historical comparison group members.Results: Persons with ISP + home confinement experience a re-conviction rate that is less than half that observed in the comparison group. Age, ethnicity (white vs. non-white), and gender are also significant predictors of re-conviction.Conclusion: Home confinement, in conjunction with psycho-education and other program elements, is one means of reducing the costs of incarceration. The results of this study suggest that, in addition to cost savings, states may realize a public safety benefit in the form of a reduction in DUI offense rates. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Fishing tournaments are a common feature in recreational angling across a wide range of target species in both fresh and salt waters. Tournaments are organised for a number of purposes, including as commercial enterprises; as fund-raising initiatives for angling clubs; for economic development purposes (e.g. tourism); as well as improve participants' skill levels. Most tournaments are confined to geographically small areas and usually occur over a small number of days, which can mean a pulse of economically significant activity in the local area. This paper analyses the nature of expenditure associated with angling tournaments, including travel, food and accommodation, and angling-related expenditures as a function of socio-economic and angler characteristics. Analysis based on 106 tournaments across Ireland during 2013 finds a clear 80/20 segmentation between ‘high’- and ‘low’-spend anglers and that the segmentation occurs across all fish target species considered. The analysis also finds that British coarse anglers participating at Irish angling tournaments spend considerably more than other anglers irrespective of target species or angler country of origin. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of the present work was to establish a reliable analytical method to determine the degree of complexation in commercial metal proteinates used as feed additives in the solid state. Two complementary techniques were developed. Firstly, a quantitative attenuated total reflectance Fourier transform infrared (ATR-FTIR) spectroscopic method investigated modifications in vibrational absorption bands of the ligand on complex formation. Secondly, a powder X–ray diffraction (PXRD) method to quantify the amount of crystalline material in the proteinate product was developed. These methods were developed in tandem and cross-validated with each other. Multivariate analysis (MVA) was used to develop validated calibration and prediction models. The FTIR and PXRD calibrations showed excellent linearity (R2 > 0.99). The diagnostic model parameters showed that the FTIR and PXRD methods were robust with a root mean square error of calibration RMSEC ≤3.39% and a root mean square error of prediction RMSEP ≤7.17% respectively. Comparative statistics show excellent agreement between the MVA packages assessed and between the FTIR and PXRD methods. The methods can be used to determine the degree of complexation in complexes of both protein hydrolysates and pure amino acids. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Attending a college or university opens a new chapter in a young man's life, and with it comes new experiences, freedoms, and responsibilities. Young adult males in particular are prone to risky behaviors as a result of peer pressure, and this can affect their health. As a result of this risky behavior, reproductive and sexual health could be compromised. Historically, reproductive health (RH) services have predominantly served women and undeserving men. Young men have significant reproductive health risks in the form of sexually transmitted infections (STI). Male sexual behaviors directly affect their female partners' health, and their shared decisions about reproductive health play an important part in preventing unintended pregnancies. The office of Population Affairs, Office of Family Planning (OFP), in partnership with five agencies and one research-coordinating center, has implemented a four-year comprehensive service delivery model to increase the number of males accessing family planning, reproductive health services. This paper describes the process of implementing male reproductive health services in a university clinic in western Massachusetts. The Service Innovation Model includes: 1) restructuring the clinic environment (physical setting, materials, and Internet presence), 2) staff training, and 3) campus outreach. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]