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Aim: Indirect comparison of efficacy and safety of vedolizumab with adalimumab in biologic-naïve patients with moderate to severe ulcerative colitis (UC). Methods: Vedolizumab is a gut-selective medication for moderate to severe UC. Since no comparative trials are available for direct comparison of vedolizumab vs adalimumab in UC, a systematic review of literature databases was conducted to identify randomized, placebo-controlled trials of the two drugs in patients with moderate to severe UC after failure of conventional treatment. Studies were screened for eligibility by two reviewers based on predefined inclusion criteria. Bucher's adjusted indirect comparison was used to compare vedolizumab and adalimumab indirectly through placebo as common comparator. Results: One vedolizumab study (GEMINI 1) and three adalimumab studies (ULTRA 1, ULTRA 2 and M10-447) met the eligibility criteria. Baseline characteristics of the included populations were similar in biologic-naïve UC patients across study arms. Although no statistically significant differences between treatments were found for induction efficacy endpoints, there was a trend toward a benefit of vedolizumab over adalimumab. There were also no significant differences between treatments for any maintenance efficacy endpoints, with no clear trend favoring either agent. Vedolizumab exhibited statistically superior maintenance safety compared with adalimumab, with significant reductions in risks of adverse events (relative risk 0.67 [95% confidence interval 0.57–0.80]; p <.0001), serious adverse events (0.20 [0.09–0.42]; p <.0001) and adverse events leading to discontinuation (0.14 [0.05–0.43]; p =.0006). Conclusion: This analysis indicates that vedolizumab has comparable efficacy to adalimumab with improved safety in biologic-naïve patients with moderate to severe UC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The authors investigated the performance of children with developmental dyslexia on a number of visual tasks requiring selective visual attention. Dyslexic children did not show the overestimation of the left visual field (pseudoneglect) characteristic of normal adult vision. The performance of dyslexic children in texture segmentation and feature search tasks was identical to that of control children matched for age, gender and intelligence. However, when tested on conjunction tasks for orientation and form, dyslexic children showed shorter reaction times and a dramatically increased number of errors. Differences between the two groups decreased with increasing age. These results suggest that children with developmental dyslexia present selective deficits in visual attention. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Three experiments using a visual half-field technique were conducted to address the question of lateralised processing of three-dimensional aspects of visual stimuli. We used drawings of "possible" and "impossible" triangles and quadri laterals. In one condition subjects had to decide whether these stimuli were possible (i.e., the depicted figures could exist in the three-dimensional world) whereas in the second condition the task was to distinguish between triangular and quadrangular shapes. All experiments revealed an interaction of task and visual field on discrimination indices ( d ′) suggesting a dissociation of the processing of two- and three-dimensional aspects of visual stimuli. These results are discussed with respect to known perceptual differences between the cerebral hemispheres. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]