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Sampling strategies with fractional acceleration 0 < ρ < 1 achieve substantial operational savings compared with purely sequential counterparts. But, acceleration customarily yielded second-order (s.o.) lower and upper bounds for requisite characteristics when ρ − 1 was not an integer. First time in the literature, we have recently designed acceleration with asymptotic s.o. expansions in normal mean problems with ρ − 1 arbitrary. In this article, a general unified theory is now developed leading to asymptotic s.o. expansions for customarily studied characteristics with arbitrary ρ − 1 . That is, the previously known s.o. lower/upper bounds can be replaced with appropriate s.o. expansions in a variety of inference problems with prescribed accuracy. We emphasize the theoretical foundation and ensuing analyses with a series of interesting inference problems from (a) a number of non-normal distributions as well as (b) one- and two-sample distribution-free scenarios. These prove a desirable breadth of coverage under our proposed big tent. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, the counterexamples to the general theory related to the state-feedback IMC plants are given and investigated. It is shown, that the maximum-speed multivariable perfect control schemes do not necessitate the maximum-energy of the control input variables. In that way, the IMC peculiarities involving the nonzero perfect control closed-loop poles are indicated, which constitutes a solid counterweight to the well-known general system theory. A new geometric approach results in counterexamples for both full and non-full rank plants, giving rise to the introduction of a complete analytical paradigm in the nearest future. Numerical examples confirm the intriguing issues covering the paper. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Some seriously misunderstood issues arise in three paragraphs in the last chapter of Keynes's General Theory concerning the relationship between his theory and orthodox theory. That these passages permit a form of theoretical reconciliation is a view shared by prominent commentators of opposing persuasions. Joan Robinson and John Eatwell strongly criticised Keynes for inconsistency and for opening the door to neoclassical elements that undermine his theorising, while Paul Samuelson made Keynes's comments the foundation of his textbook neoclassical synthesis. The reconciliation view, however, is based on hasty non-contextual readings and is mistaken. More careful analysis leads to three conclusions: neither internal inconsistency nor neoclassical appeasement exists; Keynes's paragraphs are aligned with the theoretical positions previously advanced in the General Theory; and what is actually deployed is a complementarity view relating his macro-theory to one particular part of orthodox micro-theory. Rejecting the dominant view, however, does not remove the issue of the absence in Keynes's work of an adequately exposited micro-theory to accompany his macro-theory. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Due to its consistent association with a wide range of criminal and deviant outcomes, low self-control (LSC) has become among the most extensively measured concepts in criminology. Conversely, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), the most commonly diagnosed of mental illnesses in young people has not received similar attention despite what appears to be a close conceptual association with LSC. Using data from a sample of students at a medium-sized southwestern university, we analyze the association between LSC and ADHD in predicting a range of criminal and deviant behaviors. Findings indicate an association between the two concepts and that they predicted offending in similar ways, but that the precise nature of the relationship between LSC and ADHD remains uncertain. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Kerogen is irregularly connected by a variety of chemical bonds including C–C bond, C=C bond, C–O bond, C–N bond, C–H bond and C–S bond. It is difficult to identify selective bond breaking events using the existing experimental conditions. In this study, we predict dissociation tendencies of chemical bonds in various kerogen molecules by using 554 small molecular model compounds based on the density functional theoretical (DFT) calculations. Results from our DFT study indicate that the calculated various subtypes of bond dissociation enthalpies (BDEs) changing tendency is that C–S bond < C–N bond < C–O bond < C–C bond < C–H bond < C=C bond. However, for each bond type, the BDE value has a large range and overlaps each other, and the BDE mostly relies on the local environment (the functional groups and position) of chemical bonds and radical stability. For the C–C bond, a linear relationship (R= 0.85) between C–C bond distances and BDE has been achieved. Thus, the bond distance can serve as a good indicator of bond strength for C–C bond linkages. All results support that the BDE is a good choice to evaluate the dissociation tendencies of kerogen and this work provides an effective path to reveal the nature of chemical bonding for large-sized kerogen molecules. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

Drawing on archival material and previously unexplored texts, this article attempts to revise our understanding of the emergence of a new macroeconomic discourse in the Swedish 1930s. Firstly, it is argued that the Stockholm School played a secondary role in shaping Sweden's counter-cyclical policies during the depression. The Minister of Finance, Ernst Wigforss, possessed all the theoretical tools he needed before the academic economists had made their views on the crisis publicly known. Secondly, it will be argued that Wigforss was the one closest to anticipate theGeneral Theory, and that he had his theoretical system for a counter-cyclical fiscal policy worked out in 1931 already. He provides an important link in one of the most debated topics in the history of macroeconomic thought. In an allusion to Axel Leijonhufvud, this link is named the ‘Wigforss Connection’. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

Gottfredson and Hirschi's general theory of crime has generated significant controversy and research, such that there now exists a large knowledge base regarding the importance of self-control in regulating antisocial behavior over the life-course. Reviews of this literature indicate that self-control is an important correlate of antisocial activity. Some research has evaluated programmatic efforts designed to examine the extent to which self-control is malleable, but little empirical research on this issue has been carried out within criminology, largely because the theorists have not paid much attention to policy proscriptions. This study evaluates the extant research on the effectiveness of programs designed to improve self-control up to age 10 among children and adolescents, and assesses the effects of these programs on self-control and delinquency/crime. Meta-analytic results indicate that (1) self-control programs improve a child/adolescent's self-control, (2) these interventions also reduce delinquency, and (3) the positive effects generally hold across a number of different moderator variables and groupings as well as by outcome source (parent-, teacher-, direct observer-, self-, and clinical report). Theoretical and policy implications are also discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Prior research on law enforcement and court system actions suggests that offender demeanor influences practitioner decision making. However, few studies have examined a key implication of this body of work—namely, criminogenic factors associated not only with offending but also with demeanor may result in a greater likelihood of contact with and formal processing by law enforcement and the courts. Using data from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health, we test the hypothesis that low self-control, which is associated with a range of characteristics that might influence practitioner perceptions of individual offenders' demeanors, will predict greater contact and formal processing. Briefly, we found that low self-control was consistently related to criminal justice system involvement as measured by police contacts, arrests, age at first police contact, and arrest onset. The implications of the findings for theory and research are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Basically, new quantitative hierarchic theory of matter general for liquids and solids is developed. This theory proves to be more advanced than well known models of Einstein and Debye. In this new approach the condensed matter is considered as a system of three-dimensional (3D) superposition of standing waves of the following types: the most probable de Broglie waves, related to molecules translation and librations in composition of condensed matter; the acoustic waves (thermal phonons); and the electromagnetic waves - IR photons, related to librations and translations. Strongly interrelated collective excitations (quasiparticles), named the effectons, convertons, transitons and deformons and their different combinations, are introduced. The effectons are formed by 3D superposition of standing de Broglie waves of molecules or atoms, related to their translations (tr) and librations (lb). Each of two modes: the in-phase (acoustic, a) or counterphase (optic, b) anharmonic oscillations in the volume of effectons are coherent. All possible combinations of the above four basic excitations lead to hierarchical system of 4!=24 quasiparticles, describing virtually all physical properties of condensed matter. The following four input experimental parameters of matter at the same temperature and pressure are necessary for calculation of these properties, using created computer program: comprehensive analyser of matter properties (pCAMP): sound velocity; density; refraction index; positions of translational and librational bands in oscillatory spectra. It is important to note, that the same formulae work for both liquid and solid phase. The demonstrational version of pCAMP on examples of water and ice can be downloaded from the front page of author's site: http://web.petrsu.ru/∼alexk. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In my 1983 book, Macroeconomics after Keynes , I claimed that much that was original in Keynes was to be found not at the level of theory but in his method. Shortly afterwards, Sheila Dow's book Macroeconomic Thought (1985) introduced those of us who are not specialist methodologists to what she called the 'mode of thought'. In that book, and subsequently, it has become clear that differences in approach between those who take their inspiration from Keynes and Kalecki and those I shall loosely describe as neoclassicists lie at the level of mode of thought. Almost all post-Keynesians say that Keynes's General Theory is founded on a concern with time, uncertainty and organicism - features of Keynes's mode of thought. Yet, as far as I know, no one has shown precisely what the relationships are between the identifiable aspects of Keynes's mode of thought and his method and theory. This is the task that this paper sets itself. I identify four key theoretical contributions and their corollaries, and show how they are related to the deeper levels of method and mode of thought. This exercise is contrasted with the three-level structure of typical neoclassical macroeconomic theory. The underlying purpose is to help modern theory develop in a fruitful way. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This was a five-year follow-up study of recidivism of 572 male graduates of the only boot camp for adults in a southern state. The purpose was to examine competing theories in predicting recidivism among these adult males. Elements of social learning and general theoretical models were tested to determine their relative prediction of return to Department of Correction (DOC) in a 5-year follow-up study. Using a proportional hazard rate analysis, the findings indicated that, contrary to well-accepted general theories, elements of social learning theory are among the strongest predictors of recidivism, which also include early experiences such as sexual and physical abuse and personality traits like immaturity and social maladjustment. In fact, differential peer association and normative definitions are the two top predictors. Implications of these findings for revisions of theory are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper attempts to demonstrate that Keynes's practical writings on the crisis in the Lancashire cotton spinning industry in the 1920s were consistent with the 1930s theoretical conceptualisation of user costs in the General Theory. It is suggested that the key (common) link between these analyses is Keynes's concern with how uncertainty is distributed, in specific historical circumstances, between institutions at the levels of the firm, industry, the industry-financial institution interface, and the local and global economies. It is this concern which still has important, if not more, research and policy relevance today. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]