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Dynamic Seating is an intervention used as a part of a manual or power wheelchair to provide movement against resistance in response to client force. This technology can be used for various clinical applications including preventing client injury and equipment breakage; dissipating extensor forces; providing movement for sensory input, calming, and increased alertness; increasing muscle strength, trunk and head control; and other medical benefits. The purpose of this RESNA Position Paper is to provide a definition for this technology in relation to other seating and wheeled mobility technologies as well as present clinical indicators for this seating intervention including literature to substantiate these claims. Although more recent and stronger evidence is needed, existing research does support the application of dynamic seating in numerous clinical scenarios. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Black girls in the USA face disproportionate rates of sexually transmitted infections (STIs), HIV, and sexual violence, prompting research into the sociocultural factors such as adultification, race and gender discrimination, and stereotyped messaging, impacting Black girls' sexual development. While existing literature finds that Black female caregivers utilise protective strategies to mitigate potential harm to Black girls, little is known about the role of Black male caregivers. This qualitative study employed the Becoming a Sexual Black Woman framework and one-on-one interviews to examine how 30 Black male caregivers of girls conceptualised parental protection and elated strategies. The thematic analysis revealed key themes of: Being a Provider, Being a Present Role Model, Protecting Black Girls' Bodies, Limiting Exposure to Stereotyped Messages, and Providing Emotional Protection. Black male caregivers navigated traditional gendered expectations and limited resources while utilising parental strategies that reflected patriarchal, sometimes misogynistic, and non-patriarchal ideals and norms. The study highlights the attitudes and beliefs of Black male caregivers regarding protecting Black girls from sexual violence and other related adverse outcomes. The findings offer insights for family-based interventions and programmes that empower Black girls to support their sexual development and health in the USA. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The US still has a high burden of preterm birth (PTB), with important disparities by race/ethnicity and poverty status. There is a large body of literature looking at the impact of pre-pregnancy obesity on PTB, but fewer studies have explored the association between underweight status on PTB, especially with a lens toward health disparities. Furthermore, little is known about how weight, specifically pre-pregnancy underweight status, and socio-economic-demographic factors such as race/ethnicity and insurance status, interact with each other to contribute to risks of PTB. Objectives: The objective of this study was to measure the association between pre-pregnancy underweight and PTB and small for gestational age (SGA) among a large sample of births in the US. Our secondary objective was to see if underweight status and two markers of health disparities – race/ethnicity and insurance status (public vs. other) – on PTB. Study design: We used data from all births in California from 2011 to 2017, which resulted in 3,070,241 singleton births with linked hospital discharge records. We ran regression models to estimate the relative risk of PTB by underweight status, by race/ethnicity, and by poverty (Medi-cal status). We then looked at the interaction between underweight status and race/ethnicity and underweight and poverty on PTB. Results: Black and Asian women were more likely to be underweight (aRR = 1.0, 95% CI: 1.01, 1.1 and aRR = 1.4, 95% CI: 1.4, 1.5, respectively), and Latina women were less likely to be underweight (aRR = 0.7, 95% CI: 0.7, 0.7). Being underweight was associated with increased odds of PTB (aRR = 1.3, 95% CI 1.3–1.3) and, after controlling for underweight, all nonwhite race/ethnic groups had increased odds of PTB compared to white women. In interaction models, the combined effect of being both underweight and Black, Indigenous and People of Color (BIPOC) statistically significantly reduced the relative risk of PTB (aRR = 0.9, 95% CI: 0.8, 0.9) and SGA (aRR = 1.0, 95% CI: 0.9, 1.0). The combined effect of being both underweight and on public insurance increased the relative risk of PTB (aRR = 1.1, 95% CI: 1.1, 1.2) but there was no additional effect of being both underweight and on public insurance on SGA (aRR = 1.0, 95% CI: 1.0, 1.0). Conclusions: We confirm and build upon previous findings that being underweight preconception is associated with increased risk of PTB and SGA – a fact often overlooked in the focus on overweight and adverse birth outcomes. Additionally, our findings suggest that the effect of being underweight on PTB and SGA differs by race/ethnicity and by insurance status, emphasizing that other factors related to inequities in access to health care and poverty are contributing to disparities in PTB. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Skin tone-based social stratification is an enduring part of the U.S. racial landscape. Despite literature finding that skin tone informs educational outcomes among adults, few studies have examined these processes in early childhood. The current study tested whether skin tone predicted Mexican-origin 5-year-old children's academic readiness (i.e., applied problems and letter-word identification) and whether relations were modified by ethnic-racial identity (i.e., positive attitudes and centrality). Findings indicated that darker skin tones predicted lower applied problems scores, an indicator of early math ability. Positive ethnic-racial attitudes did not moderate the relation between skin tone and academic readiness. However, contrary to our hypothesis, higher ethnic-racial centrality strengthened the association between darker skin tone and lower letter-word identification, an indicator of early reading skills. Findings suggest that there is early development of within-race skin tone-based disparities in education, and underscore the need for further exploration of children's ethnic-racial identity in these processes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article "Esprit de Corpse: Genocide in the Shadowland of Gaza?" examines the concept of genocide within the Israeli-Palestinian conflict, particularly focusing on violence in Gaza. It discusses the normalization of state violence and the complicity of the Israeli legal system in perpetuating it, leading to a lack of accountability for perpetrators. The text also explores the role of language in justifying violence, sheds light on abuses in Israeli detention centers, and considers the legal and moral challenges of prosecuting such actions. Additionally, it touches on cultural and political dynamics in Israel, including dehumanizing rhetoric and societal attitudes towards Palestinians, prompting a reevaluation of international legal frameworks. [Extracted from the article]

This article contributes new knowledge about how, prior to formal education, young children can develop ‘translingual practice' – dispositions, assumptions, and strategies for achieving shared understandings despite interlocutors’ linguistic differences. It engages with linguistic perspectives from the Global South to explore translingual practice in ‘Dovubaravi', a small, rural, Indo-Fijian community in Fiji. Eleven young Dovubaravi children, their mothers and extended families participated across two years. Qualitative ethnographic data included semi-structured conversations with mothers about their goals for their children’s language learning, photograph elicitation, audio- and video-recordings of naturalistic interactions, and field notes. The findings indicate the mothers hope their children will become adept translingual practitioners, and that Dovubaravi speakers demonstrate translingual dispositions, assumptions, and strategies in familial interactions with and around young children. The article draws on language socialisation theory to explain how young Dovubaravi children develop their translingual practice by observing and actively participating in routine familial interactions with translingual features. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, the author reflects on how her work in attachment theory and research and its implications for psychoanalysis grew out of listening to Joseph Lichtenberg as he listened to and engaged with attachment concepts as a clinician and researcher. This paper explores Lichtenberg's multiple contributions to exploring and understanding how clinical psychoanalysis might be revised by attachment theory and research, while also providing new directions for psychoanalytic theory and practice. The paper focuses on three areas of Lichtenberg's contributions including 1) the theory of motivational systems which involved the recognition that humans have an innate proclivity to seek comfort and care from significant attachment figures which placed attachment squarely at the heart of the seven motivational systems; 2) the concept of how motivational systems are linked to representations that become their intrapsychic legacy; and finally 3) the concept of embodied simulation, or the idea that all representational structures are rooted in sensory, emotional, and enacted experience with objects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Glyptothorax pongoensis, sp. n. is described from the Yongmon River in Nagaland, India. The new species can be distinguished from its congeners in the Indian subcontinent by the following combination of characters: an ovate-shaped thoracic adhesive apparatus with skin ridges present over the entire apparatus, including the subulate-shaped median depression; presence of plicae on the ventral surface of the pectoral fin spine and the first ray of the pelvic fin; W-shaped anterior nuchal plate element; dorsal-fin origin nearer to the snout tip than to the origin of the adipose fin; posterior margin of dorsal spine rugose with 4–5 ridges, tuberculate skin, and nasal barbel not reaching eye when adpressed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Almost a third of college students experience significant mental health concerns, but many do not receive adequate services. This study investigated barriers to mental health services among college students screened in a student health center primary care service. Method: Students (N = 1662) presenting for primary care completed mental health screenings and a barrier measure in the student health center of a university. Latent class analysis created barrier profiles. Results: Three barrier profiles were identified (none, logistical, all barriers). Profiles related to gender (p <.001), with logistical/all barrier profiles more likely amongst female students. No significant difference found by race. Students with higher depression scores were more likely to report logistical barriers than no barriers (p <.001). Conclusion: Programs must address multiple barriers to successfully engage students in treatment. Tailored interventions, including in primary care, should assess and respond to individual barriers, not just common ones. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

OpenCap is a web-based markerless motion capture platform that estimates 3D kinematics from videos recorded from at least two iOS devices. This study aimed to determine the concurrent validity and inter-session reliability of OpenCap for measuring trunk and lower-limb kinematics during squatting, hopping, countermovement jumping, and cutting. Nineteen participants (10 males, 9 females; age 27.7 ± 4.1 years) were included. Countermovement jump, single-leg triple vertical hop, single-leg squat, sidestep cutting and side hop tasks were assessed. For validity, OpenCap was compared to a marker-based motion capture system using root-mean-square error. Test–retest reliability of OpenCap was determined using intraclass correlations and minimum detectable change (MDC) from two testing sessions. The squat had the lowest RMSE across joint angles (mean = 7.0°, range = 2.9° to 13.6°). For peak angles, the countermovement jump (jump phase) (ICC = 0.62–0.93) and the squat (ICC = 0.60–0.92) had the best reliability across all joints. For initial contact, the side hop had the best inter-session reliability (ICC = 0.70–0.94) across all joint angles. As such, OpenCap validity and reliability are joint and task specific. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article explore the use of the ISTP, a national initiative designed to advance ability and awareness to promote inclusive STEM learning environments in the U.S. Topics discussed include the need for improvement in inclusive environments in STEM courses, and the learning objectives that raise awareness and built instructor capacity to engage inclusive practices.

The current study focused on processes underlying Cuban students' academic performance. Using path analyses, the model examined the relations between family relationships and academic performance mediated by belongingness and moderated by sex differences among Cuban medical students (N = 613; M age = 21.39, SD = 2.05). Findings indicated that improved family relationships significantly predicted increased belongingness to the field of medicine for both male and female students. The relation between belongingness and academic performance was only significant for male students. Thus, improved family relationships informed academic performance via belongingness for male medical students. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

There is a growing risk of a military attack on Taiwan by mainland China (otherwise known as the People's Republic of China, or PRC) to achieve what the latter terms "reunification." Taiwan, the US, and Japan must urgently and interactively prepare for this contingency—which is also the best way of deterring it. Taiwan must increase military spending (as it has begun to do), with an emphasis on a "porcupine strategy" of lots of distributed, mobile, survivable, affordable, and lethal weapons. The US must increase its military deployments and joint exercises in the region, again emphasizing the types of weapons that can survive a preemptive PRC attack and counter a Chinese blockade or amphibious invading force. Japan will double defense spending over the next five years in a welcome and transformative move, but effective deterrence requires that it also signal that the collective defense of Taiwan against a military attack is existential for its own security. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Existing research yields inconsistent results with regard to differences among type of counsel in criminal cases. Studies in the area generally compare the effectiveness of indigent versus retained counsel, and public defenders versus assigned counsel, and focus on broad categories of crime. The present work expands this literature through comparing case outcomes between assigned and retained counsel in the processing of criminal trespassing cases. It also contributes through measuring type of counsel in relation to the imposition of charge enhancements, a variable largely absent from the research literature. Results suggest that type of counsel does impact case outcomes, as defendants with assigned counsel were more likely to have a charge enhancement, be sentenced to jail, and spend more time in jail. Focusing on less serious offenses provides a more reflective account of what often occurs in court given that most crimes are less serious in nature. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Public coastal access is a growing issue in coastal management, particularly as both environmental changes and increased coastal development threaten existing public coastal access points around the country. This has implications both economically and on non-economic factors such as individual and community well-being. Through a mixed-methods case study of coastal users in Rhode Island (n = 200 surveys and n = 29 interviews), this study explores the concept of attachment to coasts as a specific type of place attachment by identifying Coastal Place Attachment (CPA) as a concept, developing a quantitative index to measure CPA, and qualitatively describing the value that coastal attachment brings to well-being. Results show that individuals do have a unique attachment to coastal environments that is not transferable to other natural areas, although it may be generalizable to other coastal areas. We also document how this attachment provides important contributions to psychological, physical, and social well-being. Implications for coastal access management are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Anxiety symptoms are common, comorbid with other disorders, and damaging to well-being. High-quality assessment is necessary for detecting and monitoring these symptoms, especially within the context of residential treatment for psychiatric disorders. However, little is known about the psychometric accuracy of screening for anxiety symptoms within this severe, often comorbid sample. The current study examines the psychometric characteristics of two measures used in residential treatment: the Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 (GAD-7) and the Behavioral Health Screen-Anxiety (BHS-Anxiety) scales. The sample included 5,639 adolescents and young adults admitted to residential psychiatric treatment in the United States. The sample was nearly all non-Hispanic White. Most (72.1%) were diagnosed with at least one DSM-5 anxiety disorder. Psychometric analyses revealed that the two measures were strongly correlated, and both showed good item discrimination, test information, and reliability. However, overlap with depressive symptoms was high, and classification accuracy based on preliminary anxiety diagnoses was low. The BHS-Anxiety scale showed measurement invariance across gender, age, and depression diagnosis groups, but the GAD-7 showed poor structural validity. Screening for highly comorbid symptoms within severe populations is difficult and understudied. High-quality measurement instruments, and innovative approaches to assessment, are needed to improve research and practice within residential treatment settings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Identities – how individuals think about themselves in the social world – are powerful drivers of political attitudes and behaviors. On highly polarizing issues such as climate change, political identities are powerful predictors of attitudes, behaviors, and policy preferences. However, other, non-partisan identities are also relevant to climate change attitudes, particularly when the identity is threatened by climate change. What happens when an individual has two salient identities informing opposing attitudes on a political issue? This study leverages a unique sample of politically conservative members of an environmental conservation organization – "conservative conservationists" – to understand how people reconcile conflicting identities to form their environmental attitudes and behaviors. Using qualitative data from interviews (n = 25) and participant observation, I document four strategies that participants use to reconcile identity conflicts and form environmental attitudes: distancing oneself from one of the conflicting identities; increasing deliberate political information seeking; redefining conceptions of an issue to fit with both identities; and creating a new identity that merges the non-conflicting aspects of the two identities. This research has implications for both the theoretical study of how identities influence political behavior and practical efforts to build bipartisan agreement on climate change. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Although there are high rates of commercial sexual exploitation of Native American children, there are still not established best practices for interviewing them about their experiences. This pilot study sought to learn more about best practices for interviewing Native including gender diverse youth in the United States about sex trafficking. In the process, lessons were learned about conducting this kind of research. The initial practices suggested included ways of linking with participants, incorporating culturally-specific healing elements, orienting clinicians to cultural humility and agility, and preparing to provide a clear rationale for how and why the information learned would be disseminated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A recent review of literature indicated limited research about the preparation of doctoral students in early intervention/early childhood special education (EI/ECSE). The purpose of this pilot study was to address this gap in research and investigate the mentorship of doctoral students who participated in the Division for Early Childhood's Consortium for Innovations in Doctoral Excellence (DECIDE). Mentors and mentees who participated in the DECIDE Mentoring Initiative participated in focus groups and interviews to share their mentoring experiences and provide suggestions for the mentorship of doctoral students. Qualitative research methods were used to analyze themes. Findings indicated (a) shifts in power dynamics occurred between the mentor and mentee dyad, (b) mentoring infrastructures may be beneficial, (c) mentoring relationships are unique for each dyad, and (d) further research is needed to investigate the mentoring needs of students from culturally, linguistically, and economically diverse backgrounds. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

AbstractObjectiveMethodsResultsConclusionParents’ rejection of their LGBTQ + young adults can have a negative impact on their young adult’s psychological welfare, and on the young adult-parent relationship. Parents’ ability to reflect on their child’s pain and unmet needs is thought to evoke empathy and compassion, and reduce rejection. Empirical and clinical evidence suggest that parents’ level of reflective functioning (RF) is impacted by their level of emotional arousal (EA). This study examined the association between parents’ EA and RF within the context of attachment-based family therapy for nonaccepting parents and their LGBTQ+ young adults.43 therapy sessions drawn from six different cases were coded for parental RF and EA, based on 30-second segments. This generated a total of 343 observations for analyses.Hierarchal linear modeling revealed that parents’ level of RF was a function of their concomitant EA, with moderate levels of arousal predicting the highest RF levels.Moderate EA may facilitate optimal parental reflective functioning. With nonaccepting parents, who typically present for treatment with high levels of maladaptive fear and shame, therapists would do well to assess their level of arousal and, when indicated, employ downregulating interventions before inviting them to reflect on their young adult’s experience and needs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, we carried out an investigation of Kyasanur Forest Disease (KFD) suspected human cases reported in Karnataka state, India from December 2018 to June 2019. The clinical samples of KFD suspected cases (n = 1955) from 14 districts of Karnataka were tested for KFD using real-time RT-PCR and IgM ELISA. Further, the KFD-negative samples were tested for IgM antibodies against dengue and chikungunya viruses. Monkey samples (n = 276) and tick pools (n = 11582) were also screened using real-time RT-PCR. KFD-positive samples were further analysed using next-generation sequencing along with clinico-epidemiological analysis. Of all, 173 (8.8%) cases tested positive for KFD either by real-time RT-PCR (n = 124), IgM ELISA (n = 53) or both tests (n = 4) from seven districts. Among KFD-negative cases, IgM antibody positivity was observed for dengue (2.6%), chikungunya (5.8%), dengue and chikungunya coinfection (3.7%). KFD cases peaked in January 2019 with fever, conjunctivitis, and myalgia as the predominant symptoms and a mortality of 4.6%. Among confirmed cases, 41% received a single dose and 20% received two doses of the KFD vaccine. Of the seven districts with KFDV positivity, Shivamogga and Hassan districts reported KFD viral RNA positivity in humans, monkeys, and ticks. Sequencing analysis of 2019 cases demonstrated a difference of less than 1.5% amino acid compared to prototype KFDV. Although the KFD has been endemic in many districts of Karnataka state, our study confirms the presence of KFDV for the first time in two new districts, i.e. Hassan and Mysore. A comparative analysis of KFDV infection among the KFD-vaccinated and non-vaccinated populations demonstrated an insignificant difference. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Manhattan Vision Screening and Follow-up Study aims to provide access to eye care for underserved populations, detect native rates of ocular pathology, and refer participants with eye disease to ophthalmology. This subanalysis describes the reasons for referral to ophthalmology and identifies risk factors associated with being referred. Enrolled participants were aged ≥40 years, living independently in public housing developments and able to provide consent for eye health screenings. Those with habitual visual acuity 20/40 or worse, intraocular pressure (IOP) 23-29 mmHg, or an unreadable fundus image failed and were scheduled with the on-site optometrist. The optometric exam determined whether further referral to ophthalmology for a clinic exam was warranted. Those with an abnormal image or IOP ≥30 mmHg were referred directly to ophthalmology. Main outcome was factors associated with referral to ophthalmology. A total of 708 individuals completed the eye health screening over 15 months. A total of 468 participants were referred to ophthalmology (250 had an abnormal image and 218 were referred by the optometrist). Those referred were predominantly older adults (mean age 70.0 ± 11.4 years), female (66.7%), African American (55.1%) and Hispanic (39.5%). Seventy percent of participants had not had a recent eye exam. Stepwise multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that participants with pre-existing glaucoma (OR 3.14, 95% CI 1.62 to 6.08, p = 0.001), an IOP ≥23 mmHg (OR 5.04, 95% 1.91 to 13.28, p = 0.001), or vision impairment (mild) (OR 2.51, 95% CI 1.68 to 3.77, p = 0.001) had significantly higher odds of being referred to ophthalmology. This targeted community-based study in Upper Manhattan provided access to eye care and detected a significant amount of ocular pathology requiring referral to ophthalmology in this high-risk population. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper, written in honor of Anni Bergman, focuses on the concept of separation anxiety as it was conceptualized and developed in attachment theory by Bowlby and in separation-individuation theory by Mahler and colleagues. The focus is on how separation anxiety manifests differentially in individuals with secure versus insecure attachment and in different subphases of the separation-individuation process, with emphasis on the areas of overlap and divergence in the two traditions. The paper then reviews recent research that has focused on how separation anxiety has provided a transdiagnostic risk factor for psychopathology, including anxiety, depression, and PTSD, complicating the treatment course of individuals with these disorders. These findings have contributed to the delineation of the DSM-5 diagnosis of Separation Anxiety Disorder (SAD) and to the development of new assessment instruments to measure it. We consider how separation anxiety has been assessed in several treatment studies of these disorders and how it is related to other factors such as insecure attachment and reflective function (RF, mentalization in attachment relationships). The ways in which recent research on separation anxiety in individuals with psychopathology, including depression and PTSD, has affirmed and expanded the original formulations of Bowlby and Bergman and her colleagues is also discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Two essential questions for those leading the field of public administration are: What do we teach our students, and how do we train them? As scholars, we pay significant attention to our research, often to the detriment of recognizing the potential for merging our research with teaching through the Scholarship of Teaching and Learning (SoTL). However, given our students' leadership positions, SoTL-related work is vital to their success. In this article, we have come together to reflect on the state of SoTL's work in public administration. Through this reflection, we explore the windows of opportunity for research that we see emerging. Included among these opportunities is the need for research on how we can best serve students in and out of the classroom, as well as research the most effective way of managing our programs. We also see the need for research into faculty development, instructional design, and the return on investment for a public administration degree. Lastly, we argue for improved recognition of the value and contribution of SoTL-related work in tenure and promotion standards. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Advanced maternal age (AMA, >35 years at delivery) confers maternal and foetal risks, particularly with age >45 years and nulliparity, but longitudinal comparative data on age- and parity-specific AMA fertility is lacking. We used the Human Fertility Database (HFD), a publicly available, international database, to analyse fertility in US and Swedish women aged 35–54 from 1935 to 2018. Age-specific fertility rates (ASFR), total birth counts, and proportion of AMA births were evaluated across maternal age, parity, and time, and compared to maternal mortality rates during the same time. In the US, total AMA births nadired in the 1970s, and have risen since. Until 1980, most AMA births were to women completing parity 5 or higher; since then, most have been to low parity women. While ASFR in 35 to 39 year olds was highest in 2015, ASFR in women 40–44 and 45–49 were highest in 1935, though they have been rising recently, especially in low-parity women. While the same AMA fertility trends were seen in the US and Sweden from 1970–2018, maternal mortality rates have risen in the US despite remaining low in Sweden. Although AMA is known to contribute to maternal mortality, this discrepancy merits further consideration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Australian governments' centrepiece Indigenous strategy, the 'Closing the Gap' framework, established in 2008 to address systemic Indigenous disadvantage, is underpinned by the concept of 'school readiness', which expects Indigenous families to bring their children to school ready to learn. The education system commonly blames Indigenous culture as a contributing factor in explaining the 'Gap'. In this paper, we reverse the mirror of 'school readiness', examining what is known about the readiness of the education system to meet the aspirations of Indigenous learners. Using a meta-synthesis methodological approach, this paper provides an overview of research about the issues and challenges facing Australian schools to be ready to respond to the educational needs of Indigenous children. Findings reveal that the lack of teacher, curriculum, pedagogical, school environment and culture readiness are the four key aspects to consider. We conclude by discussing the implications and gaps in the existing Indigenous education strategies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Although thrombocytopenia in neonatal intensive care patients is rarely due to inherited disorders, the number of genetic variants implicated in platelet defects has grown dramatically with increasing genome-wide sequencing. Here we describe a case of severe, oligogenic neonatal thrombocytopenia and reinterpret a reportedly benign mutation that is likely pathogenic. Despite this patient's synonymous mutation (GFI1B 576 C>T, Phe192=) being annotated as benign, GFI1B is a well-known regulator of megakaryopoiesis, this variant alters splicing and megakaryocyte maturation, and our analysis of existing genome-wide associated studies demonstrates that it likely causes gray platelet syndrome. This variant has not been reported in a case of life-threatening thrombocytopenia. We propose that the severity of this patient's phenotype is due to synergistic epistasis between the intrinsic platelet defect caused by this mutation and her concomitant inherited PMM2 congenital glycosylation disorder neither of which have been associated with such a severe phenotype. This case highlights the importance of whole-exome/genome sequencing for critically ill patients, reexamining variant interpretation when clinically indicated, and the need to study diverse genetic variation in hematopoiesis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The UK's decision to leave the European Union (EU) in 2016 unquestionably represents a critical juncture in British politics. Yet the intervening years in which the terms of Britain's withdrawal have been painstakingly negotiated by the UK political elite appear less of a watershed, even if there have been significant alterations in particular fields of public policy. Path dependencies have reasserted themselves derailing the process of 'getting Brexit done', while the constraints and unintended consequences confronting policy-makers in the polity and politics have become increasingly apparent, not least on the issue of how far in practice to pursue regulatory divergence from the EU. The framing of Brexit as a 'critical juncture' has fuelled unrealistic expectations while contributing towards growing disillusionment among citizens. Amidst the ensuing chaos, Brexit appears more than ever to be an omnishambles of epic proportions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article analyses the existing and potential effects of EU withdrawal on the UK machinery of government (MoG) in an 'age of fiasco'. Brexit has been a system-wide shock that has the potential to fundamentally alter British domestic policy and politics. Above all, departing from the European Union (EU) represents an unprecedented 'stress test' for the government machinery. Brexit has been the greatest challenge confronting the MoG since the Second World War. Yet its impact on the UK state's structures and processes has thus far been modest. The pattern of change indicates gradual adaptation and modification of institutions rather than transformation of the governing machinery through De-Europeanisation and dismantling. That said, EU withdrawal is aggravating pathologies in the Westminster Model (WM) that contribute towards the erosion of UK policymaking. This article contends that the capacity of UK government was weakening before Brexit, while withdrawal from Europe imposes additional burdens. The governing approach of incrementalism and 'muddling through' has come under severe strain. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Metastatic triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is an aggressive sub-type of breast cancer. Despite recent advances, metastatic TNBC remains difficult to treat with limited targeted treatment options. Fam-trastuzumab deruxtecan (T-DXd), is a novel antibody-drug conjugate (ADC) targeting human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) and is composed of a unique linker bound to the topoisomerase I inhibitor DXd. T-DXd has significant anti-tumor activity in patients with HER2-low TNBC. This review reports on the mechanism, pre-clinical/clinical studies, efficacy, and tolerability of T-DXd. A literature search was conducted via PubMed using keywords such as 'fam-trastuzumab deruxtecan,' 'Enhertu,' and 'HER2-low cancers.' The Phase III Destiny-Breast04 Trial showed benefit in progression-free and overall survival in patients with HER2-low metastatic breast cancers treated with T-DXd compared to treatment of physician's choice chemotherapy. T-DXd is the first pharmaceutical to effectively target a HER2-low population with clinically meaningful efficacy in patients with HER2-low TNBC. Compared to chemotherapy, T-DXd has a similar safety profile, with the additional need for close monitoring for interstitial lung disease. Given the clinical activity of T-DXd in TNBC, it is likely there will be continued efforts to refine HER2-low diagnostics and to develop additional ADCs with other protein targets. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Dominant policy discourses in Australia define teacher professionalism as a technical accomplishment. Within this technical framing, teacher learning is largely understood as the acquisition of skills, with teacher practice helping students meet pre-determined outcomes. Despite the dominance of such discourses, teacher professionalism and learning have not always been thought of in these reductive ways. This paper reports on an intergenerational, dialogic inquiry into the careers of 12 long-serving English teachers, presenting two cases from the project. The study used life history methods to interview retired or late career English teachers in the state of Victoria, Australia. An analysis of the interviews indicated that professional learning was vital in sustaining generative careers. Many of the professional engagement activities described by teachers in the project involved acts of stewardship or care for the teaching profession itself. The paper advances ‘care of the profession’ as a concept that makes visible the many acts of professional engagement and learning beyond individualistic and performative understandings of teaching and that invest in education as a ‘going concern’. We argue that practices constituting ‘care of the profession’ are sites for democratic participation in the teaching profession and are essential elements of a critically engaged and agentive professionalism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Tobacco use and related mortality remain disproportionately high among individuals with substance use disorders (SUDs). Though engagement in tobacco cessation interventions is associated with improved long-term recovery, many individuals in SUD treatment do not participate. The goal of the present study was to better understand patient views regarding tobacco use/cessation during residential SUD treatment, in order to decrease barriers for this vulnerable population. This study utilized a cross-sectional design and mixed methods analysis. Following discharge from residential SUD treatment, individuals who reported any use of tobacco were invited to participate in a brief phone interview. Forty-one of the 60 who were reached (68%) agreed to participate. Responses were quantified for analysis when appropriate, and descriptive statistics were calculated for quantitative data. Thematic analysis was used to analyze qualitative responses. Most respondents (83%) reported that tobacco cessation was an important goal and were open to tobacco cessation treatment. The vast majority (85%) did not think tobacco use interfered with their recovery from other SUDs. Respondents noted the socially-reinforcing nature of tobacco use in treatment, and indicated a desire for increased access to cessation services. Results suggest increased patient education and changes to treatment center tobacco policies may assist individuals recovering from SUD with tobacco cessation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents a series of basic computational problems that are mathematically and/or graphically appealing, and provides an idea of places one might go in trying to understand what is happening, integrating mathematics, computation, and graphics. The real point of this paper is to make a case, through those examples, for computation as an early and integral part in the undergraduate mathematics curriculum. By computation we mean the ability to rapidly and easily program exploratory calculations, and as well display the results with a versatile suite of graphics capabilities. The problems used here, and the philosophy behind them, derive from a MATLAB-based course in computation, programming, and mathematical applications that the author has taught for over 10 years. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Suicide is a major, preventable public health problem. The general factor of psychopathology ("p" factor) might help improve detection and prediction of individuals at risk for suicide. This cross-sectional proof-of-concept study tests whether the p-factor score is associated with suicidal thoughts and behaviors (STB) better than a depression scale alone. Youth (N = 841; mean age 18.02, SD = 3.36) in primary care were universally screened using the Behavioral Health Screen (BHS). Factor analysis and ROC results showed the BHS assesses the p-factor, and the p-factor score demonstrates higher classification accuracy of several types of STB than a depression scale. The p-factor could help clinicians in the identification of youths with STB. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We examined associations between colorism and developmental outcomes among Latinx adolescents. Colorism was operationalized as adolescents' experiences with discrimination based on skin color. Developmental outcomes included academic achievement, mental health, and substance use. Participants were Latinx adolescents (N = 703; Mage = 15.93, SDage = 1.21; 47.56% female). Anonymous cross-sectional survey data were analyzed. Results indicated that colorism was negatively associated with academic achievement and self-esteem, and positively associated with depressive symptoms and substance use. Results showed that colorism is an important correlate to academic achievement and several indicators of health and well-being for Latinx adolescents, who are a marginalized population [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Iterations of the form x n + 1 = f (x n) are used throughout mathematics, and convergence (or not) of an iteration to a fixed point x * = f (x *) is always a central question. We present an informal graphical technique for resolving whether a fixed point in one dimension is attracting or repelling. Specifically, given a real-valued function f, we are determining whether | f ′ (x *) | < 1 or | f ′ (x *) | > 1 at a point x * ∈ R for which x * = f (x *) . The former condition on f ′ (x *) classifies the fixed point as attracting, and the iteration as locally convergent; the latter corresponds to a repulsive fixed point, in which the iterations get further away from the fixed point no matter how close you start them off. The technique requires only that we be able to compute points (x , f (x)) on the graph of f (x) and not necessarily on an explicit functional form or its derivative. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The University Australia (UA) 2017–2020 Indigenous Strategy has offered Australian universities a focus that would work to increase Indigenous participation in the higher education sector in Australia. Despite the high-level involvement and detailed monitoring by Universities Australia as the sector's peak body, Australia's universities have not made significant progress in achieving the targets in the strategic plan. Using a meta-synthesis methodological approach, we provide an overview of published reviews and research on increasing Indigenous participation in the higher education sector in Australia, with particular reference to the three initiative foci and targets in the UA 2017–2020 Indigenous Strategy. Findings revealed that Indigenous students' experiences at university, the shortage of Indigenous academics, and the embedment of Indigenous knowledge and perspectives are significant elements that affect the achievement of the UA targets. We conclude by discussing the implications and gaps in the existing UA strategies and offering recommendations to enable higher educator stakeholders to progress the Indigenous Strategy agenda. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Few research studies have focused on what role social media has on mental health providers, specifically, family therapists. Social media's impact needs to be addressed because it is increasingly affecting not only families and other clients but also family therapists, themselves. This study explored the potential impact of social media on marriage and family therapists. In this study, a survey, titled The Couple and Family Therapist Social Media Questionnaire was also developed and utilized. This survey was used to gather data about social media use by 232 family therapists. This survey explored four primary domains including 1) family therapists' personal and professional use of social media, 2) family therapists' comfort with technology, 3) family therapists' risk taking as associated to social media use, and 4) implications for possible ethical violations regarding family therapists' personal factors and social media use. Results from this survey as well as, related topics will be described in this manuscript. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Churn, the persistent cycling of families in and out of family service programs without sustainable change, places an extremely high burden on families and the broader family services system. Yet, only a handful of studies based in the United States have examined the process of churn. As churn is a novel field of enquiry, this study aimed to generate consensus among key stakeholders who work within the Australian family services sector regarding the definition, implications, and predictors of churn, which will subsequently inform future research and intervention development to mitigate the incidence of churn. Stakeholders were engaged through an initial participatory research workshop, followed by a two-round Delphi study. The findings provided compelling insights into the nature of churn within the context of Australian family services and highlight the importance of substantial systemic change in order to mitigate and address the incidence of churn. IMPLICATIONS The results of this study have provided compelling insights into the process of churn, the client and service-level factors that contribute to it, and the impact it has on families, staff, and the broader family services system. Stakeholders provided several recommendations to inform the development of future interventions that will be applied within the Australian family services system in order to identify and address the specific needs of families. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Processes of acculturation occur when there is a need to reconcile minority identity with the hegemonic majority culture. What acculturation strategies do minority students adopt in social contexts that are not dominated by either the minority or majority cultures? In order to address this question, this paper offers an ethnographic account of three classes of Arab-Palestinian minority high school students aged 15–17 over the course of 21 months in Israel before, during and after participation in a programme designed to increase understanding of and exposure to the innovation sector. I argue that this curricular programming, which exposes students to internationalisation, globalisation and multinationalism, constitutes a 'third space' that is distinct from both the Arab-Palestinian home/family context and the hegemony of Jewish-majority society in Israel. Within this third space, some Arab-Palestinian students adopt strategies of acculturation that are distinct from their strategies in mainstream Israeli society. The opportunity to partially circumvent or leave the context of Israeli society within third spaces facilitates this distinction. The paper accordingly develops a schema that links theories of acculturation to third space theory, and provides empirical examples of how third spaces can facilitate unique strategies of acculturation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

There is an identifiable gap between Australian government policy aspiration and curriculum guidance found in the content of the renewed Australian Curriculum (2018) that has been designed to support the cross-curriculum priority (CCP) of Asia and Australia's engagement with Asia. We have employed an inductive, interpretative research methodology to analyse the curriculum guidance as data to examine how the Australian government's policies that are predicated on strengthening its partnerships with Asia are being supported by the Australian Curriculum and its State and Territory derivatives. We found that Australian Curriculum content that has been included to support the CCP Asia and Australia's engagement with Asia is minimal, unevenly distributed across the key learning areas, and that the inclusion of content is different between the overall Australian Curriculum and its State and Territory derivatives across key ideas, learning areas, and explanatory materials. Identifying a gap, we critically discuss two aspects of our findings: content real estate and its location, and the skills and knowledge assumed of teachers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Drawing on the contributions of psychoanalysts influenced by Bion as well as on sociopolitical historians, the author examines Trumpism and its destructive leadership through the lens of such concepts as alpha functioning, beta elements, second skin and beta-screen, projection, and containment. The article demonstrates that a vindictive, narcissistic, and toxic masculine leader such as ex-President Trump serves to "pervert" the containing function of healthy leadership to increase authoritarian rule. The author shows that when there is a fit between the group's unconscious phantasies and malevolent, narcissistic leadership, the stage is set for the development of a malignant cult of personality. The cult of Trumpism fosters and exploits paranoia and allegiance to an all-powerful, charismatic figure, contributing to a social milieu at risk for the erosion of democratic principles and the rise of fascism. In contrast, to illustrate healthy containment that neutralizes potentially destructive psychotic anxieties and fantasies, the author closes with sensitive and inspirational leadership oratory from Abraham Lincoln and Robert F. Kennedy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Rates of suicide within the Black community are increasing. Rising rates, coupled with institutional racism, impacts how Black perceive suicide as a problem in their communities. This paper examines the misconceptions that Black Americans hold about the topic of suicide. The current project included data from 25 self-identifying Black adults living in Northeast Ohio. We used a thematic analysis approach to data analysis. Through in-depth interviews, we identified five themes that highlight prominent misconceptions about suicide in Northeast Ohio's Black community: (1) suicide is related to personal inadequacies; (2) suicide is not a pressing issue in the Black community; (3) clashing perceptions of Blackness and the mentally ill; (4) mentally ill and hopeless; and (5) suicidal thoughts are crazy and will pass. These findings and implications for professionals and for community leaders and members are discussed in detail. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The following interview discusses two paradigmatic media sports cases during live sports lockdown in 2020. Producing online tournament responses to the COVID-19 cancellations of live events, the IndyCar First Responders 175 race and the W Series esports league both turned to esports livestreaming. Under this transition, themes of safety, gender equity, risk, and rules emerged as key topics surrounding the current and future state of esports within media sports ecosystems. As discussed by Garth Midgley (founder of GOATi Entertainment and lead developer of 22-Racing Series), Abe Stein (senior strategist with the Sports Innovation Lab), Gina Miller and Jo Diamond (Communications executives, W Series), and Emma Witkowski (senior lecturer and esports academic), these cases exemplify ascending issues in sports quick transition to online esports and networked livestreaming solutions, shoring up media sports under lockdown. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To explore the prevalence of health anxiety in stroke survivors and its relative impact on quality of life. A cross-sectional design was used including between group comparisons of high and low health anxious stroke survivors. Stroke survivors (n = 105) were recruited via online stroke community forums. Participants completed measures of health anxiety (Short Health Anxiety Inventory), general anxiety and depression (Hospital and Anxiety and Depression Scale), disability (WHO Disability Assessment Schedule), and quality of life (Quality of Life Index). Demographics and medical histories were also assessed. Thirty percent of the sample scored above the clinical cut off for health anxiety. Stroke survivors with high health anxiety (HiHA) were found to have significantly lower quality of life (p < 0.001) and higher rates of depression (p < 0.001). Regression analysis found health anxiety to be a significant predictor of quality of life (β = –0.12; p < 0.05) in addition to levels of depression (β = –0.33; p < 0.001) and disability (β = –0.53; p < 0.001). Almost a third of stroke survivors were experiencing clinical levels of health anxiety, with HiHA significantly associated with lower quality of life. Future research should explore the use of existing evidence based psychological interventions for health anxiety in this population. Our findings suggest almost one in three stroke survivors residing in the community have clinical levels of health anxiety. High health anxiety in stroke survivors was significantly related to lower levels of quality of life. Given this finding, evidence-based treatments for health anxiety may improve quality of life and reduce distress for a significant proportion of stroke survivors. Rehabilitation approaches aimed at improving overall quality of life for stroke survivors should consider both physical and psychological interventions, with levels of physical disability, depression and anxiety all significantly associated with quality of life. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This essay considers the figure of the artist-in-consultancy in the recent novel in the context of the concept of 'corporate personhood'. Beginning with a reading of the work of the poet and novelist Ben Lerner, it explores the idea of a frustrated will towards collectivity which might be achieved or understood through the organisational fabric of the corporation and a virtual poetics of failure, a formation which Lerner outlines in his poem 'Dilation'. I track the development of corporate personhood over the twentieth century and define it through a reading of Reinhold Martin's The Organizational Complex before tracing Lerner's idea of a virtual poetics of the corporate in three recent novels: Emily Segal's Mercury Retrograde (2020), Tom McCarthy's Satin Island (2015), and Elvia Wilk's Oval (2019). These works follow protagonists who work on behalf of corporations as consultants, their positions making them archetypal corporate persons. Through narratives of failure and refusal, these novels both embrace and eschew corporate personhood, indulging metafictional tendencies to manifest Lerner's idea of virtual collectivity while further complicating it and suggesting a new configuration of the corporate person and the collective. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Research Findings: Parents' academic socialization of their young children is a critical yet understudied area, especially in the context of vulnerable parent-child dyads. The current longitudinal study examined factors that informed mothers' beliefs and practices concerning children's kindergarten readiness in a sample of 204 Mexican-origin adolescent mothers (Mage = 19.94). Adolescent mothers' individual characteristics and assets (i.e., parental self-efficacy, educational attainment, educational utility beliefs, knowledge of child development) and sources of stress (i.e., economic hardship, coparenting conflict) were related to the importance they placed on children's social emotional and academic readiness for kindergarten, their provision of cognitive stimulation and emotional support to their children in the home, and their enjoyment of literacy activities with their child. Moreover, adolescents' perceptions of parenting daily hassles emerged as a mediator in this process. Practice or Policy: Findings underscore the importance of considering Mexican-origin adolescent mothers' strengths and assets along with their unique contextual stressors as they relate to beliefs and practices that could have implications for their children's school success. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Nuclear Notebook is researched and written by Hans M. Kristensen, director of the Nuclear Information Project with the Federation of American Scientists, and Robert S. Norris, a senior fellow with the FAS. The Nuclear Notebook column has been published in the Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists since 1987. This issue's column examines Pakistan's nuclear arsenal, which includes 140 to 150 warheads. The authors estimate that the country's stockpile could realistically grow to 220 to 250 warheads by 2025, if the current trend continues. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Patients who received treatment after HMA/Ven failure had longer median OS compared to patients who did not receive additional therapy ( I n i = 17, 4.7 vs 1.7 months, HR = 0.29, 95% CI 0.13-0.62, I p i = 0.0017) (Figure 1(C)). The combination of Venetoclax (Ven) with hypomethylating agents (HMA/Ven) is the standard-of-care therapy for patients with newly diagnosed (ND) acute myeloid leukemia (AML) who are >= 75 years of age or have comorbidities that preclude the use of intensive chemotherapy (IC). A second study that assessed outcomes of patients after failure of salvage HMA/Ven found a somewhat longer median OS of 3.9 months; however, the median age of that cohort was younger, and a larger portion of those patients received treatment following HMA/Ven failure [[8]]. We report median OS in patients receiving additional therapy to be 4.7 months, which is comparable to that reported for R/R AML (4.3 months) and slightly longer than the median OS reported for patients receiving salvage therapy following frontline HMA/Ven failure (2.9 months) [[7]]. [Extracted from the article]