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This study set out to understand how representational practices of journalism and age congregate in the fiction movie The French Dispatch. Employing textual analysis, we found that the film engages with three overlapping tropes in which journalism and age congregate. First, it represents journalists as different from “normal civilians” especially in their state of loneliness which is a constant throughout the narrative. This difference narrative is especially invigorated for journalists that demographically deviate from the norm in which older women are labeled as “old maids.” Second, the film represents an intergenerational conflict, specifically in relation to explorations of journalistic neutrality. Last, the commercial nature of journalism is addressed through the representation of an older mentoring editor-in-chief who protects journalistic quality against commercial pressures. By combining the lens of journalism and ageism, we uncovered how both concepts congregate and create a unique romanticized perspective on the profession as “it used to be.” [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Up to 2018, the Belgian law stated that transgender people who wanted to change their legal sex had to undergo physical gender affirming treatment. This included gonadectomy to a medically possible and justified extent, which entailed that they had to accept the fact that they could no longer reproduce. However, research has shown that many transgender people desire to have children. Aims: (1) to describe a cohort of transgender men and their respective cisgender female partners, to share our experiences with their request for donor conception, and to evaluate their disclosure intentions to the child, (2) to explore how the couples approach current and future reproductive options. Methods: This mixed method study presents data from a retrospective analysis of patient records and from a qualitative interview study. The couples were selected from the group of transgender men who -- together with their respective cisgender female partners -- applied for sperm donation at Ghent University Hospital between 2002 and 2012. Results: Forty-seven transgender men with a cisgender female partner requested treatment with anonymous donor sperm for a first child as a couple. Forty-one requests were accepted for treatment. We found that most couples requesting treatment intended to disclose the use of donor sperm to their future child (n¼34) while 24 couples were planning to inform the child about the parent's transgender identity. The six couples we interviewed saw donor conception as the preferred route to become parents. Adoption was seen as less obvious. The couples' attitudes toward stem cell-derived gametes reflected the significance of the genetic linkwith the child for both parents. Discussion: Not all participants in our study were aware of their reproductive options. To be able to make a well-informed decision, transgender people should be counseled about all options at the time of transition. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: A lot of attention has been given to the quest of parents, children and donors to find donor siblings (= half siblings who share the same donor gametes but who are born in different families). However, literature is scarce about the use of the same sperm donor for subsequent children in the same family.Methods: This study included 68 lesbian and heterosexual (aspiring) parents, recruited at the Department of Reproductive Medicine of Ghent University Hospital (Belgium). The in-depth semi-structured couple interviews were performed between October 2012 and October 2013. Data were analyzed through step-by-step inductive thematic analysis.Results: The couples showed a clear preference to use the same sperm donor for their children. The most common reasons for this preference were related to the family or sibling relationships and medical reasons. Uncertainty about the availability of the same donor over time seeped through in their stories. Most lesbian aspiring parents decided that both partners should have a genetic link with at least one child.Conclusion: The use of the same sperm donor for subsequent conceptions appeared quasi unambiguously in the interviews of the lesbian and heterosexual (aspiring) parents in our study. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The way in which heterosexual couples manage information about infertility and donor insemination within their social networks has not yet been explored in-depth. This study focuses on how parents and aspiring parents manage information about infertility and donor insemination within their social networks. Fifteen Belgian couples were interviewed as part of a parenthood research project. Thematic analysis resulted in the identification of four themes. The first of these reveals how the social context can best be understood as a continuous confrontation with social expectations. A second theme highlights the diverse ways in which couples manage personal information in this confronting context. The third theme stresses how couples manage information about donor insemination so as to be treated as a 'normal' family. The final theme shows how emotional regulation within the context of the extended family plays a role in couples' decisions about how to manage information with relatives. Results are analysed using the concept of 'systemic emotion management' and the importance of being seen by others as a 'normal' family. Study findings signal the importance of managing information within social networks and are of relevance to a range of practitioners. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Twenty-five years after the emergence of corpus-based translation studies the present paper offers a critical analysis of the current state of the art in corpus-based translation studies, focusing on what it has yielded in terms of description, methodology and theory. This analysis leads to the detection of problem areas which result in limitations to progress in the field. We argue that these limitations can be overcome, by adopting a revised research agenda for empirical translation studies, with a broader methodological scope and more theoretical awareness. At the very heart of this agenda is the description of translation as an inherently multidimensional linguistic activity and product, which is simultaneously constrained by sociocultural, technological and cognitive factors, leading ultimately to a better understanding of what translation exactly is, how it is shaped by varying circumstances, and how it relates to other types of constrained communication. The added value of this research agenda is illustrated in two case studies on optional that in English complement clause constructions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The way in which heterosexual couples manage information about infertility and donor insemination within their social networks has not yet been explored in-depth. This study focuses on how parents and aspiring parents manage information about infertility and donor insemination within their social networks. Fifteen Belgian couples were interviewed as part of a parenthood research project. Thematic analysis resulted in the identification of four themes. The first of these reveals how the social context can best be understood as a continuous confrontation with social expectations. A second theme highlights the diverse ways in which couples manage personal information in this confronting context. The third theme stresses how couples manage information about donor insemination so as to be treated as a 'normal' family. The final theme shows how emotional regulation within the context of the extended family plays a role in couples' decisions about how to manage information with relatives. Results are analysed using the concept of 'systemic emotion management' and the importance of being seen by others as a 'normal' family. Study findings signal the importance of managing information within social networks and are of relevance to a range of practitioners. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: Antibiotics are prescribed too often in acutely ill children in primary care. We examined whether a Point-of-Care (POC) C-reactive Protein (CRP) test influences the family physicians’ (FP) prescribing rate and adherence to the Evidence Based Medicine (EBM) practice guidelines. Design: Cluster randomized controlled trial. Setting: Primary care, Flanders, Belgium. Intervention: Half of the children with non-severe acute infections (random allocation of practices to perform POC CRP or not) and all children at risk for serious infection were tested with POC CRP. Subjects: Acutely ill children consulting their FP. Main outcome measure: Immediate antibiotic prescribing. Results: 2844 infectious episodes recruited by 133 FPs between 15 February 2013 and 28 February 2014 were analyzed. A mixed logistic regression analysis was performed. Compared to episodes in which CRP was not tested, the mere performing of POC CRP reduced prescribing in case EBM practice guidelines advise to prescribe antibiotics (adjusted odds ratio (aOR) 0.54 (95% Confidence Interval (CI) 0.33-0.90). Normal CRP levels reduced antibiotic prescribing, regardless of whether the advice was to prescribe (aOR 0.24 (95%CI 0.11-0.50) or to withhold (aOR 0.31 (95%CI 0.17-0.57)). Elevated CRP levels did not increase antibiotic prescribing. Conclusion: Normal CRP levels discourage immediate antibiotic prescribing, even when EBM practice guidelines advise differently. Most likely, a normal CRP convinces FPs to withhold antibiotics when guidelines go against their own gut feeling. Future research should focus on whether POC CRP can effectively identify children that benefit from antibiotics more accurately, without increasing the risks of under-prescribing. Key points: What is previously known or believed on this topic •Antibiotics are prescribed too often for non-severe conditions. Point-of-care (POC) C-reactive Protein (CRP) testing without guidance does not reduce immediate antibiotic prescribing in acutely ill children in primary care. What this research adds •FPs clearly consider CRP once available: normal CRP levels discourage immediate antibiotic prescribing, even when EBM practice guidelines advise differently. Most likely, a normal CRP convinces FPs to withhold antibiotics when guidelines go against their own gut feeling. •Future research should focus on whether POC CRP can effectively identify children that benefit from antibiotics more accurately, without increasing the risks of under-prescribing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present study explores how subtitlers in Dutch-speaking Belgium deal with the linguistic tension between the norm-adherent language policy of the broadcaster they work for (VRT) - which is oriented towards the use of Belgian Standard Dutch - and the particular language situation in Flanders, which is characterized by the increasing use of Colloquial Belgian Dutch (CBD) in spoken contexts. Subtitlers, who produce written reproductions of spoken language, therefore need to mediate between the official language policy and language reality. In this context, this study aims to measure the extent to which the language used in Flemish subtitling conforms to the official language policy. Additionally, we analyze which contextual parameters affect the subtitlers’ linguistic choices. The data are extracted from the SoNaR corpus and subjected to profile-based correspondence analysis, visualizing the linguistic behavior, and hence the degree of norm conformity, in the subtitles. The results reveal that subtitles on Flemish television are norm-adherent to a large extent, although certain contextual parameters (source language and program genre) enhance the use of (nonstandard) CBD. These results evidence the spread of CBD features from exclusively spoken registers to a written register that was, until recently, under heavy normative control. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Research has shown that the recipients of donor sperm can experience difficulties finding appropriate language to refer to the donor. Based on two qualitative analysis techniques, namely word count and empirical discourse analysis, we studied the words used to refer to the donor in heterosexual and lesbian (aspiring) parents and in donor conceived children. Findings show that the words used in these households are highly diverse and have at least four different interlinked functions: (1) to position the donor in relation to the nuclear family; (2) to safeguard the role of the social parent; (3) to clarify family structure; and (4) to present a positive picture of the donor. Both parents and children consciously reflect on what words to use to refer to the donor. Although parents try to keep words like 'father' and 'daddy' out of the family narrative, children use these words. These findings show that it is important for healthcare personnel and policy makers to reflect on the careful use of terminology when they address questions around sperm donation because the terminology invokes specific meanings that have an effect on how the recipients and their children perceive the role of the donor. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective:This study aimed to gain an in-depth understanding of the experiences of genetic ties in intrafamily oocyte donation families.Background:Previous research has shown that most mothers have a good and stable relationship with their donor. Little is known about the meaning of the difference in genetic ties for parents who conceived through sister-to-sister oocyte donation.Methods:An Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis was performed and focused on both individual experiences and couple experiences with regard to genetic ties. Ten participants were recruited via an infertility clinic and took part in semistructured couple interviews.Results:Our analysis revealed that the donation was seen as a way to equal genetic parenthood. Participants struggled with this prevailing ideal of genetic parenthood and questioned the legitimacy of their motherhood. Several dynamics were identified when couples tried to deal with the imbalance in genetic ties: they acknowledged each other, convinced one another, or pushed away the difference in genetic ties. Couples also managed the presence of a genetic tie with the donor by negotiating the closeness in their family relationships.Conclusion:The lack of a full genetic tie remained a meaningful absence for some mothers and the way couples dealt with this varied. We plead that the option of post-donation care should be offered to support couples with the complexities they try to deal with. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Hormonal and surgical treatments for transgender people have a devastating effect on the possibility for these patients to reproduce. Additionally, transgender people tend to start sex reassignment treatment at a young age, when reproductive wishes are not yet clearly defined nor fulfilled. The most recent Standards of Care of the World Professional Association for Transgender Health recommend clearly informing patients regarding their future reproductive options prior to initiation of treatment. This review gives an overview of the current knowledge and state-of-the-art techniques in the field of fertility preservation for transgender people. Where genital reconstructive surgery definitely results in sterility, hormone therapy on the other hand also has an important, but partially reversible impact on fertility. The current fertility preservation options for trans men are embryo cryopreservation, oocyte cryopreservation and ovarian tissue cryopreservation. For trans women, sperm cryopreservation, surgical sperm extraction and testicular tissue cryopreservation are possible. Although certain fertility preservation techniques could be applicable in a standardized manner based on clear biological criteria, the technique that eventually will be performed should be the preferred choice of the patient after extended explanation of all possible options. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

Findings on women's sexuality across the menstrual cycle are inconsistent. One relatively consistent finding is a midcycle and premenstrual peak in sexual desire in freely cycling women. Results on the cycle-related effects on sexual behavior are less clear. Large proportions of reproductive-aged women use combined oral contraception (COC), but studies on potential cycle-related shifts in sexual desire and behavior are sparse. A prospective diary study assessed sexual desire, sexual behavior, and mood in 89 heterosexual couples. Women were using one of four contraceptive methods: (1) nonhormonal contraception, (2) low-dose COC containing 20 mcg ethinylestradiol and 75 mcg gestoden or desogestrel, (3) COC containing 35 mcg ethinylestradiol and 2 mg cyproteronacetate, and (4) COC containing 30 mcg ethinylestradiol and 3 mg drospirenone. No cycle effects of sexual desire were established in the COC group, but frequency of sexual intercourse declined in the last days of active pill taking. These results were similar in both female and male partners. Negative affect did not covary with sexual desire. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

It has been recently demonstrated that mindfulness-based intervention may be particularly suitable for addressing sexual difficulties in women. Although the Five-Facet Mindfulness Questionnaire (FFMQ) is currently one of the most widely used scales to assess mindfulness, no adaptation and validation of the FFMQ to measure female sexual functioning has been published. The main aim of this study was to develop and validate a sexual version of the Five Facets Mindfulness Questionnaire (FFMQ-S) to specifically measure mindfulness in the context of sexual encounters. A total of 251 healthy, French-speaking female volunteers were administered the FFMQ-S, the original FFMQ, and the Female Sexual Distress Scale (FSDS-R). Confirmatory factor analyses indicated that the FFMQ-S exhibits a five-factor model, as implied by the original FFMQ. Good scale reliability was observed. The FFMQ-S showed significant correlations with the FSDS-R and the usual FFMQ. Scores on the FFMQ-S correlated significantly more negatively with the total FSDS-R score than with the total score of the original version of the FFMQ. These findings clearly support the relevance of developing a version of the FFMQ tailored to sexual functioning. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective To determine the pregnancy rate achieved through laparoscopic tubal reanastomosis using only standard 5 mm laparoscopic instruments and standard suturing material. Methods Data from 100 consecutive laparoscopic tubal reanastomosis procedures done between September 2002 and September 2010 were retrospectively analysed. All procedures were performed by the same surgeon using standard 5 mm laparoscopic instruments and with the placing of three or four sutures of standard polyglycan 4/0 suturing material. The main outcome measures were: (intrauterine) pregnancy rate and live birth rate before and after 40 years of age, and tubal patency rate. Results Six patients had no active child wish and six others were lost to follow-up, thus leaving 88 of 100 patients for evaluation. Fifty-eight of these conceived, giving a total pregnancy rate (PR) of 66%. The PR in women younger than 40 years was significantly greater than that achieved by those aged 40 or more (73% vs. 29%, p = 0.001). Conclusions Laparoscopic tubal reanastomosis with standard 5 mm laparoscopic instruments results in a satisfactory pregnancy rate. Chinese Abstract 摘要： 目的 测定那些仅采用标准5毫米腹腔镜的手术器械及标准缝合材料进行输卵管复通术的患者的受孕率。 方法 本研究对2002年9月至2010年9月之间进行输卵管复通术的患者进行了回顾性的分析。所有患者均由相同的外科医师采用标准的5毫米腹腔镜手术器械，并且采用三至四个4/0标准多聚糖缝合线。主要结果评定:40岁左右患者(宫内)妊娠率和活产率,以及输卵管通畅程度。 结果 在100位患者中，有6例患者没有妊娠的意愿,6位患者失访,因此我们对剩余的88位患者进行了评估。其中58位患者妊娠，总妊娠率为66%。40岁以下的年轻女性的受孕率明显高于那些40岁以上的女性（73%比29%，P<0.001） 结论 采用5毫米标准腹腔镜手术器械进行的腹腔镜下输卵管复通术可以取得满意的妊娠效果。 [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Mindfulness was studied in relation to sexual distress and the ability to achieve orgasm. The initial hypotheses were that mindfulness abilities would predict women's level of sexual distress and that orgasmic women would possess greater mindfulness skills. In total, 251 women (176 orgasmic women and 75 anorgasmic women) responded to several questionnaires online: the Female Sexual Distress Scale – Revised (FSDS-R), the Five-Facet Mindfulness Questionnaire (FFMQ), and the Sexual Five-Facet Mindfulness Questionnaire (FFMQ-S). According to our results, mindfulness during dyadic sexual activities (FFMQ-S) explained 54% of the variability in sexual distress (FSDS-R). Overall, orgasmic women reported more mindfulness than anorgasmic women, both in daily life (FFMQ) and significantly more during dyadic sexual activities (FFMQ-S). In conclusion, our results support the evaluation of women's level of mindfulness during dyadic sexual activities and the integration of mindfulness training in future sex therapy treatments. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

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Objective: In this qualitative study, we investigate how lesbian couples experience and deal with the difference in genetic relatedness in their family. Background: Previous research showed that lesbian couples handle the difference with regard to genetic relatedness by, for instance, creating a narrative about physical resemblances or by focusing on the social bond and its influence on children. Methods: The findings are based on qualitative in-depth interviews with 10 lesbian couples who had at least one donor-conceived child aged 7–10. Results: The difference with regard to the genetic link brought up complex and context-specific experiences for these parents. Generally, the genetic link was described as irrelevant: equality between both parents was presented as a given. However, some experiences of difference due to the presence of one genetic link were found. In these accounts, the genetic link was described as a valuable extra that created an inequality between them as parents. Conclusion: The findings show that these mothers have a complex attitude towards genetic relatedness. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Flemish coastal region has two major key challenges: coastal flood risk and risk of drought. As an answer to the first challenge, a new phase of land reclamation on sea is proposed, fitting into its historical path dependence. This, however, will aggravate the second challenge, and contradict the principles of integrated water resources management (IWRM). The two challenges take place on two different governance frontiers of land and water governance, but have a growing mutual influence. It is argued that the coastal spatial governance regarding these two challenges suffers from a lock-in. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In a non-randomized, comparative prospective study (416 patients) we compared the outcome of IVF/ICSI in two parallel control groups: one in which patients were followed up using combined monitoring (ultrasound plus serum estradiol monitoring, the UHM group) and one in which only ultrasound monitoring was used (the UM group). This study has taken the number of mature oocytes at the moment of egg retrieval as its primary end variable. After adjustment for age, gravidity, antagonist protocol, AMH and infertility diagnosis, the average difference in number of mature oocytes between the UHM group and the UM group was −0.4 (95% CI: −1.7 to 1.0), which met our definition of clinical equivalence (95% CI for the adjusted mean difference between −2 and 2). Larger studies are still needed to evaluate the differences in the live birth rates per cycle and to further confirm that blood sampling definitively has no added value in monitoring ovarian stimulation for IVF/ICSI. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Reproductive life span and fertility have been shown to depend on successful early folliculogenesis, which involves cell-to-cell communication and the concerted regulation of gene expression at both the oocyte and granulosa cell levels. Recently, micro RNAs (miRNAs) were identified as fine-tuners of gene expression. Here, we report that miRNAs can readily be detected within membrane-enclosed vesicles of human follicular fluid. MiRNA expression profiling of the follicular fluid of younger (< 31 years) and older (> 38 years) women revealed a set of four differentially expressed miRNAs. The predicted targets of these miRNAs are clearly enriched in genes involved in heparan-sulfate biosynthesis, extracellular matrix-receptor interaction, carbohydrate digestion and absorption, p53 signaling, and cytokine-cytokine-receptor interaction. Several of these pathways have been reported to be determinants of fertility, suggesting that this set of miRNAs and their respective targets should be evaluated in relation to reproductive aging and assisted reproduction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A literary criticism of the book "Don Quixote" by Miguel de Cervantes Saavedra is presented. It outlines the characters and explores the symbolic significance of these characters. It chronicles the famous picaresque adventures of the noble knight-errant Don Quixote of La Mancha and also discusses Spain's history as well as issue of debt in Spanish civil law. An overview of the story is also given.

This study describes patients' satisfaction with the information they received regarding the disposition of supernumerary embryos in the context of their decision making, as well as partners' roles and the involvement of others. An anonymous mail questionnaire was sent to 412 female patients from the Department of Reproductive Medicine (Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium). The questionnaire had a response rate of 79%. The majority of patients who did not want to continue the storage of their embryos (87.9%) thought the information provided was sufficient to make a decision. Patients who were not satisfied more often failed to reach a decision compared to other patients (4/25 vs. 6/173, p = 0.0248). The majority of couples (81.7%) reached a decision jointly between partners. Nonetheless, in 15.6% of couples, one of the partners had made the decision alone, mostly after consulting their partners. Only a minority of the couples (13.2%) consulted others (mostly family members or close friends), suggesting that patients view these decisions as a private matter. Only 1.1% of all patients had talked to someone at the centre about their decision. To conclude, for most patients, the information provided was adequate in light of their disposition decision making. Overall, patients' decision making appears to be a private matter which happens out of sight from medical staff, making it hard to assist patients who face difficulties. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]