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Cancer-related fatigue (CRF) is unrelenting. As neither rest nor sleep ameliorates cognitive, emotional, and physical symptoms, quality of life is diminished. This study examines resistance training (RT) effectiveness on CRF in cancer survivors. The secondary aims were to identify the dose-response relationship of RT frequency, intensity, and volume on CRF in different cancer survivor populations. Systematic searches via numerous databases for RCTs were performed in June 2022. Patient-reported outcome measures (PROM), were analysed, pre-to-post intervention, using a random-effects model. The Physiotherapy Evidence Database (PEDro) scale informed methodological quality assessment. Eight studies were included (cancer survivors: breast (BCS) = 5; endometrial (ECS) = 1; prostate (PCS) = 2). Overall, RT interventions ≥ 6 weeks elicited large significant reductions in CRF for FACIT-F (SMD = 0.932, p = <0.001) and moderate significant reductions in CRF for PFS-R (SMD = −0.622, p = 0.004). Main findings indicate that RT ameliorates CRF, especially in BCS; however, individualised approaches should be advocated. Supervised training elicited the greatest positive outcomes, thus should be a pivotal part of the cancer rehabilitation pathway. Future studies should be adequately powered, undertake discrete analyses of different cancer types, and investigate chronic RT effects. Cancer-related fatigue (CRF) is debilitating and distressing, leading to reduced quality of life and function in cancer survivors. Considerable heterogeneity exists in disease histology and clinical patient presentation. Individualised resistance training (RT) is an effective, safe, and accessible intervention to mitigat:e fatigue levels, thus aid function, most notably in breast cancer survivors [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aimed to evaluate the reliability and validity of the translated Chinese version of the Communication Complexity Scale (C-CCS) in a Chinese sample of preschool-aged children with minimal verbal skills. A total of 120 children with autism spectrum disorders or children with developmental delays aged 2 to 5 years with minimal verbal skills (i.e., produced less than 20 functional words) were recruited to complete the C-CCS. First, we tested the protocol with 20 children and shortened it based on their results. Second, the interrater reliability, test-retest reliability, and concurrent validity for 100 participants were examined. C-CCS scores were compared with scores from the Chinese Communicative Development Inventories (CCDI) for concurrent validity. Ten C-CCS interactive scripts were administered to 100 participants. Intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC) between independent observers were high. The ICCs for overall optimal scores, optimal BR scores and optimal JA scores were 0.978, 0.971 and 0.977 respectively. Agreement for scores within scripted opportunities and communication level were high-Kappa coefficients 0.869 and 1.000 respectively. The test-retest reliability was high (r = 0.911). A moderate correlation was found between the C-CCS and the CCDI (r = 0.401). The results indicate that C-CCS could be used as a measurement tool in research and clinical practice to describe communication levels in children with minimal verbal skills in China. The Chinese version of the Communication Complexity Scale was developed through a rigorous cultural adaptation process. The evidence shows that the Chinese version of the Communication Complexity Scale is a reliable and valid tool for children with minimal verbal skills in China. The Chinese version of the Communication Complexity Scale can be used in research and clinical practice to assess the general level of social communication skills of Chinese children who mainly communicate using preverbal communication and develop intervention programs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study investigated the (1) six-month outcomes of individuals with lateropulsion; (2) the relationship between baseline measures (from in-patient hospitalisation) and six-month functional abilities; and (3) recovery patterns for lateropulsion in stroke survivors. Forty-one individuals with lateropulsion participated in this study. Measures of lateropulsion, postural function, and weight-bearing asymmetry in standing were taken initially and fortnightly over eight weeks. Functional independence and walking abilities were assessed at six months post-stroke. Compared to individuals with moderate to severe lateropulsion, those with mild lateropulsion achieved higher levels of functional outcome at six months. However, there were a wide range of scores. Baseline lateropulsion severity explained 26% of the variation in functional outcome. A stronger correlation with functional outcome was observed for lateropulsion (−0.526) than function independence at baseline (0.384). For the task of standing with arm support, patterns of asymmetry were divergent at baseline, favouring either the paretic or non-paretic leg. Over the eight-week period, asymmetry moved towards the non-paretic leg and lateropulsion reduced consistently. Individuals with lateropulsion can recover from lateropulsion and make meaningful functional gains, including some individuals with more severe lateropulsion. Lateropulsion severity is a key indicator of functional outcome post-stroke. Individuals with lateropulsion can make significant gains in terms of mobility and functional abilities by six months post-stroke, learning to compensate for their verticality impairment in standing by loading their non-paretic leg. It is important that stroke survivors with lateropulsion, including those with moderate and severe lateropulsion, are provided with adequate rehabilitation to optimise their longer-term mobility and functional abilities. Routine screening of acute stroke survivors for lateropulsion is recommended, given lateropulsion may negatively impact longer-term functional outcomes in stroke survivors. Therapists should carefully analyse the weight-bearing pattern which an individual with lateropulsion adopts in standing and subsequently tailor treatment to target this. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The evolving virtual health care experience highlights the potential of technology to serve as a way to enhance care. Having virtual options for assessment, consultation and intervention were essential during the coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic, especially for children with disabilities and their families. The purpose of our study was to describe the benefits and challenges of outpatient virtual care during the pandemic within pediatric rehabilitation. This qualitative study, part of a larger mixed methods project, involved in-depth interviews with 17 participants (10 parents, 2 youth, 5 clinicians) from a Canadian pediatric rehabilitation hospital. We analyzed the data using a thematic approach. Our findings demonstrated three main themes: (1) benefits of virtual care (e.g., continuity of care, convenience, stress reduction and flexibility, and comfort within the home environment and enhanced rapport); (2) challenges related to virtual care (e.g., technical difficulties and lack of technology, environmental distractions and constraints, communication difficulty, and health impacts); and (3) advice for the future of virtual care (i.e., offering choice to families, enhanced communication and addressing health equity issues). Clinicians and hospital leaders should consider addressing the modifiable barriers in accessing and delivering virtual care to optimize its effectiveness. Families are invested in access to virtual care appointments and can benefit from clear communication about choices regarding appointment options and supports in how to access and use technology for equitable access to care. Hospitals should aim to provide clinicians with an appropriate workspace (i.e., private, quiet with adequate room to demonstrate what they need to do), equipment and technology to have virtual care appointments. Current understanding of virtual care delivery suggests a tailored approach, with some types of appointments, such as follow-ups or check-ins, more suited to this modality than other more hands-on therapy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aimed to investigate the effects of exercises by mechanical hippotherapy devices on postural control, balance, mobility, and Quality of Life in patients with stroke. This was a randomized controlled clinical trial with a total of 30 which were randomly divided into two groups. The participants in the mechanical hippotherapy group (MHG) (n = 15) were given exercises with a mechanical hippotherapy device for 15 min in addition to intensive conventional treatments (45 min), while the control group (CG) (n = 15) received additional 15 min of postural control and balance exercises for five days per week for four consecutive weeks. The primary outcome was The Berg Balance Scale (BBS). Secondary outcomes were the Fugl–Meyer (FM) Rating Scale, Biodex Balance Measurement (BBM), Trunk Impairment Scale (TIS), the Timed Up and Go Test (TUG) and quality of Life Short Form (SF-36). In the MHG, FM-Lower extremity score (−6.4, p = 0.024), FM-Upper extremity score (−12.87, p = 0.013), TIS (−5.87, p = 0.04) and TUG (5.73, p = 0.027) improved statistically significant compared to CG. Exercises using mechanical hippotherapy devices could improve postural control, functional mobility and balance in patients with stroke. It may also improve the quality of life. NCT03528993 NCT03528993 It was concluded from our results that mechanical hippotherapy could be included in the treatment programs of stroke patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To determine the safety, feasibility, and potential effect of an 18-week exercise intervention for adults with primary brain cancer. Eligible patients were 12-26-weeks post-radiotherapy for brain cancer. The individually-prescribed weekly exercise was ≥150-minutes of moderate-intensity exercise, including two resistance-training sessions. The intervention was deemed "safe" if exercise-related, serious adverse events (SAE) were experienced by <10% of participants, and feasible if recruitment, retention, and adherence rates were ≥75%, and ≥75% compliance rates were achieved in ≥75% of weeks. Patient-reported and objectively-measured outcomes were assessed at baseline, mid-intervention, end-intervention, and 6-month follow-up, using generalized estimating equations. Twelve participants enrolled (51 ± 19.5 years, 5 females). There were no exercise-related SAEs. The intervention was feasible (recruitment:80%, retention:92%, adherence:83%). Participants completed a median of 172.8 (min:77.5, max:560.8) minutes of physical activity per week. 17% met the compliance outcome threshold for ≥75% of the intervention. Improvements in quality of life (mean change (95% CI): 7.9 units (1.9, 13.8)), functional well-being (4.3 units (1.4, 7.2)), depression (−2.0 units (−3.8, −0.2)), activity (112.8 min (42.1, 183.4)), fitness (56.4 meters (20.4, 92.5)), balance (4.9 s (0.9, 9.0)), and lower-body strength (15.2 kg (9.3, 21.1)) were observed end-intervention. Preliminary evidence support that exercise is safe and beneficial to the quality of life and functional outcomes for people with brain cancer.Registration: ACTRN12617001577303 The BRAin Cancer and Exercise (BRACE) study highlights the need for regular monitoring of disease- and treatment-related side effects which may present as barriers to exercise. Exercise prescription should be modified according to the presence and severity of disease- and treatment-related barriers. Adverse events observed, such as dizziness, highlight the importance of supervised exercise for people with brain cancer. If supervision is not possible, then exercise modes with low risk of harm from falls are recommended (e.g., walking, machine-based resistance training). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We aimed to investigate health care needs, health service utilization, and their socio-economic and health-related determinants in people with spinal cord injury (SCI) living in Jiangsu and Sichuan Provinces of China. A total of 1355 participants with SCI living in the community were recruited using a multi-stage stratified random sample and surveyed by telephone or online. Outcomes evaluated included the presence of health care needs, mode of health service utilization, and specific provider types seen within 12 months preceding the survey. The prevalence of healthcare needs was 92%. Needs were higher in Sichuan (98%) as compared to Jiangsu (80%). Of those in need of health care, 38% reported not having utilized care, more in Sichuan (39%) than in Jiangsu (37%). In Jiangsu, inpatient care was more often used than in Sichuan (46% vs. 27%), while in Sichuan outpatient services were utilized more often (33% vs. 17%). On average, 1.6 provider types were seen, with Sichuan reporting fewer different provider types. Considerable differences in the prevalence of health care needs and service utilization patterns were found between provinces, mostly in favour of the economically more developed Jiangsu Province. People with low income, particularly those below the World Bank poverty line for middle-income countries, had increased health care needs but utilized health care less often. Moreover, environmental barriers contributed significantly to unmet health care needs. This implies the necessity to provide better accessible and more affordable rehabilitation services for people with spinal cord injury (SCI) in China such as community-based rehabilitation programming. Policies for alleviation of poverty in the case of SCI including insurance for catastrophic health expenditure should also be reviewed and adapted where applicable. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To explore quantitative and qualitative features of anomia in participants with left-hemisphere stroke, Parkinson's disease, or multiple sclerosis. This descriptive cross-sectional study compares signs of anomia within and across participants (n = 87), divided into four groups; moderate to severe anomia after stroke (MSAS, n = 19), mild anomia after stroke (MAS, n = 22), PD (n = 19) and MS (n = 27). Aspects analysed include naming accuracy and speed, the nature of incorrect responses, semantic and phonemic verbal fluency, information content in re-telling, and the relationship between test results and self-reports on word-finding difficulties and communicative participation. All groups had impaired verbal fluency, prolonged response times and reduced information content in re-telling. The MSAS group had significantly more signs of anomia than the other groups. Results from the other groups overlapped on a MAS—PD—MS continuum. Both semantically and phonologically incorrect responses were common in the stroke groups, while semantically incorrect ones predominated in the PD and MS groups. All four groups reported a similar negative impact on self-perceived communicative participation. Correlations between self-reports and test results were inconsistent. Anomia features have quantitative and qualitative similarities and differences across neurological conditions. People with moderate or severe anomia after stroke not only exhibit more severe symptoms of word-finding difficulties but also manifest a wide variety of such symptoms, compared to people with Parkinson's disease or multiple sclerosis. The present findings underscore the need to ask patients about their self-perceived word-finding difficulties. Regardless of the degree of difficulties or the underlying condition, self-perceived word-finding difficulties can have a negative impact on communicative participation and should therefore be appropriately addressed. An assessment comprising aspects such as verbal fluency, connected-speech tasks and the measurement of response times in naming tasks may serve to affirm the self-reported word-finding difficulties. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Propose further indicators for helping to detect hand osteoarthritis (HOA) using either active or functional ranges of motion (AROM or FROM). Hand kinematics data of 16 hand joint angles from previous studies were used, taken from healthy participants and HOA patients with differently affected joints and distinct levels of compromise. Data consisted of: (i) AROM (extreme values and ranges); (ii) FROM while performing the Sollerman Hand Function Test (mean, extreme percentiles and ranges). Two linear discriminant analyses (stepwise method) were conducted, one per dataset (AROM and FROM), with condition (healthy/patient) as the grouping variable. The potential predictors were the data from the joints with significant differences between samples for each analysis (A-predictors and F-predictors). Good sensitivity-specificity values of 85.2–90.9% and 93.8–93.9% for F-predictors and A-predictors, respectively. Sets of predictors corresponded to the joints more commonly affected by HOA. F-predictors: lower maximal flexion of carpometacarpal and interphalangeal thumb joints, higher maximal flexion of thumb metacarpal joint, lower flexion/extension range of ring proximal interphalangeal joint and higher maximal little finger adduction. A-predictors: narrower flexion/extension range of the thumb carpometacarpal joint, lesser extension of the ring metacarpophalangeal joint; lower flexion of the middle finger proximal interphalangeal joint along with a narrower palmar arch range. Both sets of predictors provide discrimination capacity of HOA with good sensitivity-specificity, slightly better for A-predictors. The AROM measurement is technically less demanding and can be clinically applied even with manual goniometry. Range of motion is affected by hand osteoarthritis even before joint deformity is noticeable. Active (AROM) or functional (FROM) ranges of motion can help to identify potential hand osteoarthritis and opening up the possibility of applying rehabilitation treatments to improve quality of life. The AROM measurement is technically less demanding and can be clinically applied even with manual goniometry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study investigated the longitudinal assessment of step-up performance in patients undergoing total joint arthroplasty (TJA) and correlation with subjective patient reported outcome measures (PROMs). In this sub-analysis of the ADAPT study, PROMs were assessed using the Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC). Block step-up (BS) transfers were assessed by wearable-derived measures of time. 76 patients undergoing TJA were included. Subgroups were formed isolating the worst performing quartile (low functioning (LF)) from the high functioning (HF), and outcomes were compared– One-year post-surgery, WOMAC function demonstrated strong correlations to WOMAC pain (Pearson's r = 0.67–0.84) and moderate correlations to BS performance (Pearson's r = 0.31–0.54). Both WOMAC and BS significantly improved with a larger effect size for the HF subgroup (0.62 vs. 0.43; p < 0.05). Patients designated to the LF subgroup at 3 months had increased odds of representing the LF subgroup at 12 months (WOMAC = 19; BS = 4). WOMAC defined 18 LF patients at 12 months follow-up. BS performance identified 9 additional LF patients. WOMAC function scores seem pain dominated. Measures of BS performance allow assessment of otherwise hidden residual functional impairment. Lower functioning 3 months post-surgery is predictive of longer-term impairment. Severe hip or knee osteoarthritis is a disabling condition which not only impacts patients' mobility but restricts quality of life due to constant pain and consequential lifestyle changes. Total joint arthroplasty (TJA) has developed into a successful intervention for patients with advanced hip or knee osteoarthritis. Some patients are dissatisfied after TJA due to residual functional impairment and the inclusion of performance-based tests in the post-operative evaluation and rehabilitation allows for the assessment of otherwise hidden residual impairment. Early detection of functional impairment using the repeated block step-up (BS) transfers allows to facilitate more targeted rehabilitation for better functional outcomes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Brain injuries (traumatic-/nontraumatic, TBI/nTBI) in young patients may lead to problems e.g., decreased health-related quality of life (HRQoL), and causes family impact. Knowledge regarding the family impact and the relationship with patients' HRQoL over time is scarce. This follow-up study describes family impact/HRQoL and their mutual relationship in young patients (5–24 years) after TBI/nTBI. Parents of patients that were referred to outpatient rehabilitation completed the PedsQL™Family-Impact-Module questionnaire to assess the family impact and the parent-reported PedsQL™Generic-core-set-4.0 to assess patients' HRQoL (lower scores: more family impact/worse HRQoL). Questionnaires were completed at the time of referral to rehabilitation (baseline) and one/two years later (T1/T2). Linear-mixed models were used to examine family impact/HRQoL change scores, and repeated-measure correlations (r) to determine longitudinal relationships. Two-hundred-forty-six parents participated at baseline, 72 (at T2), median patient's age at baseline was 14 years (IQR:11–16), and 181 (74%) had TBI. Mean (SD) PedsQL™Family-Impact-Module score at baseline was 71.7 (SD:16.4) and PedsQL™Generic-core-set-4.0: 61.4 (SD:17.0). Over time, PedsQL™Family-Impact-Module scores remained stable, while PedsQL™Generic-core-set-4.0 scores improved significantly(p < 0.05). A moderately strong longitudinal correlation was found between family impact&HRQoL (r = 0.51). Family impact does not tend to decrease over time but remained a considerable problem, although patients' HRQoL improved. Next to focusing on patients' HRQoL, it remains important to consider family impact and offer family support throughout rehabilitation. This longitudinal study found that in young patients with traumatic brain injury (TBI) or non-traumatic brain injury (nTBI) referred for rehabilitation there is a considerable impact on the family until two years after referral, whereas the patients' health-related quality of life (HRQoL) improved significantly. Improvements in patients' quality of life status may not automatically lead to a decrease of family impact. Rehabilitation clinicians should monitor the impact on the family over time and provide long-term family support with special attention to parental worrying when needed. Clinicians should be aware that, despite significant differences between the clinical characteristics of patients with TBI and nTBI, the courses of family impact are very similar. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To verify the effectiveness of experimental occupational therapy plus intensive standard rehabilitation compared to intensive standard rehabilitation alone on the reintegration to social activities of complex patients three months after hospital discharge. Patients with a score ≥ 9 on the Rehabilitation Complexity Scale at admission to an intensive rehabilitation ward were randomized to the control or experimental group. Both groups received intensive multidisciplinary rehabilitation aimed at recovering independence in the basic activities of daily life (ADL). The experimental group also received experimental occupational therapy services to address goals identified through the administration of the Canadian Occupational Performance Measure (COPM). Experimental occupational therapy began during the in-hospital phase and continued in the home-based setting. It consisted of teaching strategies, recommending aids, and providing personalized information regarding available community support. Ninety-two individuals with a mean age of 65 years (female 44.6%) were enrolled. The experimental group significantly improved participation measured by the Reintegration to Normal Living Index (mean changes 8.61, 95% CI: 1–16.23, p = 0.027). The performance and satisfaction scores of the COPM, both during hospitalization and after discharge, and independence in ADL also improved. No differences in mood disturbances were found. Early post-discharge occupational therapy integrated with multidisciplinary rehabilitation improves the social participation of complex patients. Future research should investigate the concrete feasibility of implementing this complex intervention cost-effectively and in different contexts. ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier NCT03668938 (first posted date 13/09/2018) Early post-discharge rehabilitation assists patients' transition from hospital to home by improving the management of problems they encounter. In complex patients, occupational therapy initiated during hospitalization and extended to the early post-discharge phase improves social participation, independence in basic and instrumental daily activities, and performance and satisfaction when carrying out relevant occupational activities. The strong partnership between the Occupational Therapist and the patient improves compliance to treatment, enhancing the chances of success of rehabilitation interventions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The association between hyperactivity, prosocial behavior, and peer problems among adolescents is less well known, especially in the Vietnamese context. Using the structural equation, this study aims to investigate the mediating effect of prosocial behavior on the hyperactivity-friendship problem relationship among Vietnamese adolescents. 822 adolescents from grades 6 to 9 in secondary schools in the three provinces of Thanh Hoa, Da Nang, and Kom Tum became participants in this study. The statistical analysis and hypothesis testing were done using SPSS 20 and Amos 20 software. The results revealed that hyperactivity was positively associated with friend problems and that this relationship was mediated in part by prosocial behavior. The development of interventions to shield adolescents against mental disorders may be affected by these findings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

There is a dearth of scientific knowledge regarding suicidal ideation (SI) and adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) in Haiti. We conducted a community survey with a convenience sample of 673 residents from Haiti's Cité Soleil (January - June 2021) to address these gaps. Participants answered questions on SI, on ACEs from the ACE international questionnaire (ACE-IQ) section 5 abuse-related items, on adult experiences of non-partner sexual violence, on use of alcohol to manage stress and on trauma responses. Latent Class Analysis identified a five-class-model of poly-victimization ranging from Class 1 (no abuse) to Class 5 (combination of emotional, physical, and sexual abuse). SI prevalence was 65.3%. Women were nearly twice as likely as men to report SI (95% CI = 1.08–2.74). Class 1 comprised 25% of participants. Class 5 members were almost four times more likely to endorse SI than Class 1 members (95% CI = 1.52–9.10). Class 4 members were roughly four times more likely to endorse SI than Class 1 members. (95% CL = 1.83–7.81). Class 3 members were nearly twice as likely to endorse SI as Class 1 members (95% CI = 1.03–3.35). Participant survivors of NPSV were three times more likely to report SI than non-victims (95% CI = 1.61–5.67). Alcohol use to manage stress increased odds of SI by 1.59 (95% CI = 1.01–2.52). Hypervigilance increased the odds of SI by 3.21 (95% CI = 1.84–5.58). Limitations include recall bias, non-generalizability, use of self-reported data, and ACE-IQ's limitations. Early identification and prevention of SI, ACE, NPSV, alcohol use, and trauma are warranted. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

There is a dearth of psychological interventions for self-harm that have been tested and found acceptable by youth in low- and middle income countries. ĀTMAN (Sanskrit word meaning "self" or "self-existent essence") is one such contextually adapted psychological intervention developed in India. It has three key elements; problem-solving, emotion regulation, and social network strengthening skills. We delivered ATMAN in a series of young people who self-harm to optimize the content, structure and delivery mechanisms, and to assess their experiences of therapy and engagement. ATMAN was delivered sequentially by a psychiatrist and non-specialist counselor in 16 participants between 14 to 24 years who presented to a tertiary level public hospital in Mumbai with self-harm. Quantitative measurement tools included Beck's Scale for Suicidal Ideation (BSI), the Patient Health Questionnaire −9 (PHQ-9), Functional Assessment of Self-Mutilation, and session feedback form. Qualitative tools included PSYCHLOPS and exit interviews. Eight female and four male participants completed therapy with a mean of five sessions and an average duration of 50 min. There were no differences in module wise feedback ratings of the psychiatrist and counselor. There were significant differences in the pre- and post-therapy scores on BSI (mean difference (confidence interval)) (−16.8 (−20.2, −13.3)) and PHQ-9 (−10.8 (−14.5, −7.04)). Various content modifications were undertaken during this phase. ATMAN was acceptable to youth in India who self-harm. Modifications introduced during pilot trial phase make ATMAN better suited to the needs of the youth. ATMAN has the potential to be delivered by non- specialist counselors and to be integrated at all levels of health care settings including primary health care to reduce the burden of suicide in young people. However, an extended randomized controlled trial of ATMAN treatment with multiple counselors will help in identifying key competencies that should be developed during training and supervision, and various quality assurance measures that can be undertaken for effective implementation of ATMAN. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article describes data on the gender distribution of mental health disorders among adolescents of Togo, West Africa. The sample size of this study included 242 patients. Gender and mental health disorders according to the definition of International Classification of Disease, tenth revision (ICD-10) were considered. Females were significantly more likely to develop a mental health disorder than males (61.16% vs 38.84% of the sample), and females were significantly 3 times more likely to develop Somatoform Disorders- Other Neurotic Disorders compared to males. Males were significantly 2 times more likely to develop Acute and Transient Psychotic Disorders. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Insomnia as a disorder on its own or as a symptom of other mental disorders can lead to significant distress and lower quality of life. By exacerbating negative affect and emotion dysregulation, poor sleep and insomnia can contribute to the initiation and maintenance of mental disorders. The aim of this cross-sectional study was to investigate the relationship between insomnia severity and overall psychiatric symptoms (anxiety, depression, obsessive-compulsive symptoms, somatization, phobic anxiety, hostility, interpersonal sensitivity, paranoid ideation, and psychoticism), and the mediational roles of worry and rumination in this relationship. The data was collected from a community sample of 1444 participants (females 69.39%, Mage = 27.95, SD = 9.37) who completed self-report measures of insomnia severity, worry, rumination, and psychiatric symptoms. The mediational roles of worry and rumination were tested with mediation analysis using the PROCESS Macro. It was found that insomnia severity (β = 0.20, p <.001) significantly predicted psychiatric symptoms directly and via worry and rumination (β = 0.33, p <.001), meaning that worry and rumination partially mediated the relationship between insomnia severity and psychiatric symptoms. The findings were similar after controlling for smoking status, daily screen time, coffee consumption in the evening, weekly exercise frequency, and pre-sleep screen time. Interventions targeting the reduction of insomnia severity and maladaptive emotion regulation strategies (e.g., worry and rumination), as well as the enhancement of adaptive emotion regulation strategies (e.g., positive refocusing and mindfulness), may alleviate the adverse effects of insomnia on psychiatric symptoms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A growing evidence base supports stepped care interventions for the early treatment of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) after physical injury. Few investigations have examined the characteristics of patients who do and do not respond to these interventions. This investigation was a secondary analysis that used previously collected data from three randomized clinical trials of stepped care interventions (patient N = 498). The study hypothesized that a subgroup of patients would manifest persistent PTSD symptoms regardless of randomization to intervention or control conditions, and that characteristics present at the time of baseline injury hospitalization could distinguish patients who would develop persistent symptoms from potential treatment responders. Regression analyses identified baseline patient clinical and demographic characteristics that were associated with persistent PTSD symptoms over the 6-months post-injury. Additional analyses identified treatment attributes of intervention patients who were and were not likely to demonstrate persistent symptoms. A substantial subgroup of patients (n = 222, 44.6%) demonstrated persistent PTSD symptoms over time. Greater numbers of pre-injury trauma, pre-injury PTSD symptoms, elevated early post-injury PTSD symptoms, unemployment, and non-White race identified patients with persistent symptoms. Patients with ≥3 of these baseline risk characteristics demonstrated diminished treatment responses when compared to patients with <3 characteristics. Intervention patients with ≥3 risk characteristics were less likely to engage in treatment and required greater amounts of interventionist time. Injured trauma survivors have readily identifiable characteristics at the time of hospitalization that can distinguish responders to PTSD stepped care interventions versus patients who may be treatment refractory. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of psychiatric morbidity along with sociodemographic and earthquake-related data on suicidal ideation among survivors of the 2023 Kahramanmaras earthquake in Turkey. The study included 270 volunteers who experienced the 2023 earthquake in Kahramanmaras, a province in middle east region of Turkey. These individuals were informed of the use of their personal data within the scope of the personal data protection law numbered 6698 and consent was obtained. The volunteers participated in the study online and were evaluated with a sociodemographic data form, Suicidal Ideation Scale and DSM-5 level one cross-sectional symptom scale. Single individuals (p =.009) and those who stated that they had insufficient social support (p =.001), had been injured or had lost a relative during the earthquake (p =.02), felt discrimination-exclusion after the earthquake (p =.03), and those who could not attend the funeral or funeral ceremony of their deceased relative (p <.001) scored higher on the Suicidal Ideation Scale. The DSM-5 level one cross-sectional symptom scale scores indicated that the scores in the depression (p =.024), somatization (p =.001), personality (p <.001) and addiction (0.039) subscales were more related to suicidal ideation. After a mass trauma, it is very important to investigate the risk factors that may be associated with suicidal ideation among survivors and to be aware of possible psychiatric symptoms. Preventive actions in the earthquake-affected regions can be made more effective by considering these factors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We assessed the associations of substance (alcohol, tobacco, cannabis, and other illicit drugs) use of adolescents with that of their family members (father, mother, step-parent, brothers/sisters, and grandparents) and peers, and the mediating role of school and mental difficulties (SMDs) which remained insufficiently addressed. This cross-sectional population-based study included 1,559 middle-school adolescents in France (mean age = 13.5 ± 1.3, 778 boys, 781 girls). They completed a questionnaire including socioeconomic features (nationality, family structure and parents' education, occupation, and income), substance use, cumulative number of substance use of family members (father, mother, step-parent, brothers/sisters, and grandparents) and peers (noted familySUcn and peerSUcn), SMDs (grade repetition, suffered physical/verbal violence, sexual abuse, lack of family/peer support, depressive symptoms, suicide attempt, and age at onset). Data were analyzed using logistic regression models and Kaplan–Meier estimates. Most adolescents had familySUcn 1–2, 3–5, and ≥ 6 (39.1%, 23.0%, and 4.5%, respectively) and peerSUcn 1–2 and ≥ 3 (36.1% and 13.0%, respectively). Strong dose–effect associations were found between all substance use and familySUcn and peerSUcn (odds ratio adjusted for sex, age, and socioeconomic features reaching 13.44 and 9.90, respectively, most with p <.001). SMDs explained more the associations of all substance use with familySUcn than with peerSUcn (contributions reaching 69% and 34%, respectively). The proportion of subjects without each substance use decreased with age more quickly among the adolescents with higher familySUcn or peerSUcn. Early prevention reducing familySUcn, peerSUcn and SMDs among adolescents and their families may reduce efficiently initiation and regular use of substances during adolescents' life course. Many adolescents had a high cumulative number of family members' and peers' substance (alcohol, tobacco, cannabis, or other illicit drugs) use (familySUcn and peerSUcn) Strong dose–effect links of substance use with familySUcn and peerSUcn (odds ratio up to 13) School and mental difficulties explained up to 69% of the link of substance use with familySUcn and up to 34% of that of substance use with peerSUcn The proportion of subjects without each substance use decreased with age more quickly among the adolescents with higher familySUcn/peerSUcn than among the others Our results may help implementing prevention to reduce substance use [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Empathy is thought to be reduced in videoconference (VC) compared to face-to-face (F2F) therapy. To empirically test this possibility, therapist and client ratings of empathy and its correlates were examined in VC and F2F sessions. Forty-eight students in clinical training programs were randomly assigned to the role of 'therapist' or 'client', forming 24 dyads. Each dyad completed a simulated clinical session in F2F and in VC and reported on empathy and telepresence. Both therapist and client ratings of empathy were significantly lower in VC compared to F2F. Therapist empathy correlated with telepresence, particularly its physical subcomponent, and therapeutic presence, but these associations were not found for clients. The relationship between empathy and telepresence was investigated further in a real-world study. Twelve clients met with clinical psychology trainees over VC and reported on empathy and telepresence. The associations between therapist empathy, total telepresence, and the physical component of telepresence were replicated. Again, client ratings of empathy and telepresence did not correlate. These results provide the first empirical evidence that empathy is reduced in VC teletherapy compared to F2F and highlight the connection between the degree of empathy felt by therapists and their sense of telepresence during teletherapy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Improving individuals' low-carbon awareness has become an important research topic. Gamification design is regarded as a potential IT solution to this social problem. Although much research is concerned with the effect of low-carbon awareness to improve individuals' behaviour, little attention has been paid to exploring how to improve low-carbon awareness, especially in the context of green gamification. To fill this research gap, our study uses the cognitive dissonance theory to build a theoretical model for exploring the impacts of green gamification factors on individuals' low-carbon awareness. The model is also used to explore the mediating role of cognitive dissonance and the moderating effect of emotional dependence. Empirical results reveal that visibility of achievement, competition, and interactivity have positive impacts on users' cognitive dissonance, which further positively affect users' low-carbon awareness. In addition, users' emotional dependence positively moderates the relationship between green gamification factors and users' cognitive dissonance. These results extend the cognitive dissonance theory and the literature on green gamification. New insights and practical implications for the designers of gamification application and environmental protection organisations are also provided in our study. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Problematic mobile phone use (PMPU) may be the biggest non-drug addiction of the twenty-first century. This requires that sound – and possibly brief – measurement instruments are available, especially for adolescents, who are particularly at risk of PMPU. One of the most widely used short instruments to assess PMPU is the brief version of the Mobile Phone Problem Use Scale (MPPUS-10). However, its dimensional structure is unclear, and the growth of PMPU among youth requires deeply testing the MPPUS-10 psychometric functioning with adolescents. The goal of this study was to investigate the psychometric proprieties of the MPPUS-10 in Italian adolescents, by particularly focusing on dimensionality, and analysing reliability and validity. Participants were 678 adolescents attending high school. Through exploratory factor analyses, the bidimensionality of the MPPUS-10 was supported, and it was corroborated by a multi-group cross-validation analysis. The internal consistency of the scale was good. As regards validity, the MPPUS-10 total and subscale scores resulted to be significantly correlated with time spent on the mobile phone and craving for mobile phone, self-esteem, and with symptoms of problem gaming and Internet addiction. Overall, the findings provide support for the adequacy of using the MPPUS-10 to assess PMPU among Italian adolescents. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The short version of the Game User Experience Satisfaction Scale (GUESS-18) uses nine factors to assess video game satisfaction. As video games play an important role for children and adolescents, the aim of this study was to translate and adapt the adult English version to an adolescent German version (GUESS-GA-18) and validate the new scale. Translation and adaptation were done in a participatory process with Austrian adolescents in two consecutive focus group sessions. In the validation study with 401 adolescents, fit indices demonstrated good model fit and a confirmatory factor analysis confirmed the nine-factor structure of the new scale. Internal consistency is acceptable (Cronbach's alpha =.791). Concurrent validity shows that the GUESS-GA-18 measures whether children like the game. The German GUESS-GA-18 for adolescents is a short and comprehensive tool for iterative development of games and studies testing player experience with German-speaking adolescents. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Development of live shopping has introduced a new form of celebrity endorsement. This study examines the impact of negative news related to streamers on viewers' purchasing behaviour during live streaming, considering different types of negative news. Drawing on research related to celebrity endorsement and information dissemination, this study presents the results from one natural experiment and four lab experiments. The findings suggest that negative news about streamers, as well as their responses to such news, positively influence viewers' purchasing behaviour during live streaming, which is mediated by their visit to the live streaming. Furthermore, the study reveals that negative news related to streamers' personal behaviour has a more positive impact than negative news related to the product they are selling. The positive effect of response to negative news is weakened when the response seems to protect the wrongdoers. This study contributes to the development of endorsement theory, retests the model of the endorser effect, and expands the literature about celebrity scandals. Additionally, the findings provide practical suggestions for retailers and streamers who are dealing with negative news. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The use of sophisticated machines at the workplace – e.g. robots equipped with artificial intelligence – is on the rise. Since humans tend to experience a threat to human uniqueness in response to machines with human-like mental capabilities, I explored whether the same holds true for status threat, a well-researched variable in the interpersonal workplace literature. Across two experiments (N1 = 104, N2 = 589), humans felt higher status threat towards a robot (Experiment 1, laboratory study) and an artificial intelligence (Experiment 2, online study) that outperformed a human in verbal-creative tasks, requiring agency and experience to solve. Contrary to results from human-human literature, higher status threat was linked with higher willingness to interact with the machine, which I trace back to its high perceived usefulness. I further interpret my findings as a hint that humans are open to using modern-day technology if they assume to benefit from the advantages the technology brings to their own work and therefore accept the feeling of status threat at the same time. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In response to calls by researchers to integrate two or more tested models in the research of important information systems issues and given the urgent need to curb the devastating effects of cyberharassment (CH), we have proposed and used an integrated individual-level research model to better understand the factors that affect CH. The proposed model combines widely researched and theory-based models: the Norm Activation Model (NAM) and the Theory of Planned Behaviour (TPB). A survey instrument was used to collect data from 231 university students. Of the seven paths investigated, six are statistically significant thereby establishing the fact that personal norms and attitude influence the intention to engage in CH, which influences the actual practice. The determinants of CH intention are Awareness of Consequences (AC); Ascription of Responsibility (AR), Attitude (ATT), and Perceived Behaviour Control (PBC); with Personal Norms (PN) mediating the effects of AC and AR on Behaviour Intention (BI). The study contributions include (a) combining two theory-based models to inform the understanding of aspects of CH; (b) highlighting the role of norm activation in intention to engage in CH, and (c) ATT is a crucial TPB factor in explaining CH intention. The implications of the findings are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Social media plays a dominant role in emerging adults' lives, with evidence showing that it can contribute to elevated levels of psychological distress. However, existing findings are contradictory, insofar as the connection between social media use (SMU) and psychological distress remains unclear. To gain a better insight into the above relationship, we focused on different styles of engagement with social media (active social, active non-social, and passive) and examined whether their impact on depression, anxiety and stress symptoms is mediated by loneliness. Data were collected via an online survey from 288 emerging adults in the UK. It was found that increased passive SMU was associated with higher anxiety, depression and stress symptoms; loneliness was associated with both SMU and psychological distress, while increased active non-social media use was associated with decreased stress. However, loneliness showed significant mediation effects only on the relation between passive SMU and psychological distress. Limitations, future research directions and suggestions for practice are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Phubbing—i.e. excluding and ignoring others through smartphone use—is a pervasive phenomenon. Yet, a comprehensive understanding of its consequences is still lacking. This systematic meta-analytic review aimed to (1) synthesize the associations between being phubbed and emotional and cognitive, social, and behavioural well-being, (2) test the strength of these associations, and (3) investigate moderating influences. Literature searches according to PRISMA-guidelines yielded k = 83 included studies. Random-effects meta-analyses were conducted for 24 of 72 extracted consequences. Subgroup analyses were performed for phubbees' relationship to interlocutors, age group, and study design. The overall sample was N = 53,916 with a mean age of 19.68 years. Being phubbed was moderately to strongly (e.g. $\hat{{\rm \rho }}$ ρ ˆ =.23–.75) associated with various adverse consequences (e.g. depression, relationship dissatisfaction, derogation of interlocutors, smartphone addiction). Effects were larger for adolescents than for adults. The findings are in line with existing theoretical assumptions (e.g. the temporal need-threat model of ostracism) corroborating that phubbing is a detrimental experience. Thus, phubbing appears to be a public health issue which should be addressed through suitable interventions in order to enhance healthy human-human and human-technology interactions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Primary Progressive Aphasia describes a languageled dementia and its variants. There is little research exploring the experiences of living with this disease. Metaphor, words that represent something else, have been studied extensively in healthrelated narratives to gain a more intimate insight into health experiences. Aims: This study explored the metaphors used spontaneously by people with PPA, their care partners (family), and speech and language therapists/pathologists (SLT/Ps) providing support along the continuum of care. Methods & Procedures: This study examined two previously collected data sets comprising naturalistic talk where metaphors were not the specific focus, the first from focus groups conducted with people with PPA and their families and the second from focus groups conducted with SLT/Ps working with people with PPA. Transcribed data were analysed for metaphor use through an iterative narrative approach. Outcomes & Results: In all, 237 examples of metaphorical language were identified in the data, with 14 metaphors from people with PPA, 116 from the families and 106 from SLT/Ps. Different metaphors were used by participants to describe their experiences depending on which variant of PPA they were living with, and people also described their disease differently over time. SLT/Ps also used metaphors, however, their language reflected the structured, professional perspective of delivering speech and language therapy services. Conclusions & Implications: SLT/Ps should listen for and recognise the metaphorical language used by people with PPA and their families to ensure therapeutic alignment, see beyond the PPA to recognise the individual’s needs, and provide person-centred and empathic support. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Speech and language therapy can reduce the level of impairment and disability caused by aphasia (Brady et al., 2016). Selecting a therapy can be challenging for clinicians who may struggle to stay abreast of the best evidence to support therapy selection (Rose et al., 2014). Once a therapy is selected, accessing relevant resources is a significant barrier to implementation (Shrubsole et al., 2019). The Aphasia Therapy Finder (ATF) is proposed to be an online repository of therapy resources designed to aid selection of evidence-based aphasia therapies and to bridge the evidence-practice gap in aphasia rehabilitation. Aims: In this study, we aimed to explore speech pathologists’ selection and use of aphasia therapy approaches, and access to aphasia therapy resources in clinical practice. We further aimed to explore speech pathologists’ perspectives on the proposed ATF. Methods & Procedures: A cross-sectional, mixed-methods, survey design was employed. A 22-item web-based survey was developed and disseminated to speech pathologists via professional networks internationally. Data analyses included descriptive statistics and conventional content analysis. Outcomes & Results: Eligible responses from 176 speech pathologists across 19 countries were included in the analyses (86.3% completion rate). Speech pathologists reported using a range of therapy approaches (n = 43) in aphasia rehabilitation, consistent with previous findings (Rose et al., 2014). Information regarding new therapy approaches was predominantly obtained from academic sources including conferences, research literature, and professional development workshops. Speech pathologists placed high importance on research evidence when selecting therapy approaches. Resource limitations, including time and budget constraints, were identified as key barriers to implementing evidencebased aphasia therapy approaches in clinical practice. There was strong support for development of the ATF; 91.7% of respondents indicated they would use it in clinical practice. Recency of research, equity of access with the inclusion of linguistically and culturally diverse resources, and usability of resources were identified as priorities when developing the ATF. Conclusions: While speech pathologists report using a range of aphasia therapy approaches in clinical practice and consider research evidence when selecting therapy approaches, resource limitations continue to present a barrier to the implementation of evidence-based practice. The development of the ATF may support the translation of research evidence into clinical practice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Awareness and knowledge about aphasia are very important as they lead to positive changes that have a particular impact on the quality of life of people with aphasia (PWA) and their families. So far, studies in numerous countries have shown that public awareness and knowledge about aphasia are low and differ in certain groups, e.g., by age, gender, occupation and level of education. Aim: The aim of this study was to investigate awareness and knowledge of aphasia among the public in Croatia. Methods & Procedures: The modified Croatian version of the aphasia public awareness questionnaire was used for data collection. The questionnaire was completed by 300 adults. Participants were grouped according to gender, age, education level, and region of residence. Descriptive statistics and chi-square test were used for data analyses. Results: According to the results, 41% of the participants had heard of aphasia, and 22.7% had basic knowledge about aphasia. Significant differences were found in relation to gender and level of education: awareness was higher among women and participants with a high level of education. No significant differences were found in relation to age or region of residence. The internet and social media were most frequently indicated by participants as sources of information about aphasia. Conclusion: It is evident that awareness and knowledge about aphasia in Croatia are limited. There is a need to raise awareness and educate the public about aphasia to effect positive changes, including the reintegration of PWA into the community and the provision of new services where PWA and their family members can refer to experts for counselling and therapy. To this end, international interdisciplinary collaboration among researchers is desirable. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Children with chronic illness are found to be at greater risk for psychiatric problems, including depression, anxiety and feelings of isolation. Particularly, HIV positive children in underdeveloped nations are more likely experiencing psychological disorders and live with socially alienated social support systems. In present study, institution-based cross-sectional research design was employed to assess the prevalence of mental health distress among HIV positive children 115(F = 69) in Ethiopia. Systematic random sampling technique was used to select participants. Quantitative data were collected with standardized instruments. Nurse Counsellors and case managers from the children's ART department participated in sample selection and data collection under the close supervision of a researcher. Descriptive and inferential statistical methods were used to analyze the quantitative data. The key findings of this study revealed that 57.4% HIV positive children reported high level in measures of anxiety and 52.2% had high depression level, while 47.8% had low self-esteem. Children's ages, parental conditions, and perceived social support shown significant association with participants' mental health condition. Perceived social support was a powerful set of predictors of children level of anxiety F = 1, 113 24.526, p <.001 and self-esteem F = 1, 113 6.494, p <.0.05. Furthermore, children's age was a strong predictor of mental health status. The present study finding asserted that HIV positive children require a lifetime of continuous treatment, care and support to ensure their physical and mental development. This study reminds families, caregivers and healthcare institutions of the development of appropriate prevention and intervention program to alleviate stressful life events and improve the psychological well-being of HIV positive children. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In slum environments, adolescents face unique challenges that can significantly impact their well-being. This study aimed to assess the personal well-being of adolescents living in Delhi- NCR (National Capital Region) slums. Cummins' homeostasis theory states that individuals have a natural tendency to maintain a certain level of well-being and that various psychological mechanisms work to maintain this well-being within a positive and stable range. The study's objectives were to evaluate the normative range of mean scores for PWI domains, examine demographic factors influencing subjective well-being, and to evaluate the psychometric properties of the Personal Well-being Index-School Children (PWI-SC) in the context of slum-dwelling adolescents. A total of 477 slum dwelling adolescents aged 10–19 years participated in the study. The findings revealed that the PWI-SC demonstrated strong internal consistency (Cronbach's α = 0.83) and was a one-factor solution, affirming its reliability and unidimensionality as a measure of subjective well-being. The results indicated that slum-dwelling adolescents reported moderate to high levels of subjective well-being across various PWI domains. Furthermore, the regression analysis demonstrated that various domains, such as standard of living, life achievement, personal relationships, personal safety, community connectedness, and future security, significantly contribute to adolescents' overall life satisfaction. However, the impact of health is unknown in this context. Moreover, Age, family income, household size, and living conditions in the slums were identified as factors influencing subjective well-being among adolescents. Despite confronting challenging circumstances, slum-dwelling adolescents exhibit remarkable well-being, suggesting the presence of homeostatically protected moods. The validated PWI-SC has emerged as a valuable tool for future research and interventions aimed at enhancing adolescent well-being in similar contexts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Preschool programs for socially vulnerable children are believed to affect school readiness and language development but infrequently include follow-up to adolescence; observational measurement of receptive vocabulary is rare. The purpose of this longitudinal cohort study (55 children and 41 parents) was to report the trajectory of receptive vocabulary development for socially vulnerable children of diverse ethnicities (Indigenous, other Canadian-born, and Immigrant) who participated in a two-generation preschool program. English receptive vocabulary scores were measured at 5-time points: (a) program intake, (b) program exit, (c) age 7 years, (d) age 10 years, and (e) adolescence, using the Peabody Picture Vocabulary Test – Third Edition (PPVT-III). For all children, PPVT-III scores increased the most between program intake and exit and positive changes were sustained until adolescence. When the sample was examined by gender, PPVT-III scores were higher for boys than girls at all time points. When the sample was examined by ethnicity, other Canadian-born children scored higher than Indigenous and Immigrant children at all time points. Immigrant children scored lowest until age 7 years, and at age 10 years and adolescence scored higher than Indigenous children. Using mixed-effects modeling, PPVT-III scores increased when English was the primary language spoken at home at intake. PPVT-III scores increased slightly as caregiver age and caregiver Adverse Childhood Experiences score increased. PPVT-III scores were lower for Immigrant girls and Indigenous boys than other sub-groups of children. Differential effects of the two-generation preschool program by gender and ethnicity suggest tailoring programming to increase equitability of receptive vocabulary development for immigrant girls and Indigenous boys. Children with intergenerational adversity may require additional support. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Negative perceptions within parent–child relationship has become a focus of research in recent psychological literature. Keeping this in view, the current paper aims to study how parental psychological maltreatment and negative cognitive style connect with psychological distress among Pakistani adolescents? Three hundred and seventy adolescents including 200 boys and 170 girls took part in the study. The mean age was 16.11 (SD = 1.54). Participants from different educational institutes filled in Psychological Maltreatment Experience Scale, Adolescent Cognitive Style Questionnaire – Short Form (Adapted version) and Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale. Findings of the study indicated that both parental psychological maltreatment and negative cognitive styles have strong association with psychological distress. The results emphasize the role of negative cognition in parent–child relationship and importance of reducing the hostile effects of parental maltreatment on youth's mental health. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This research aims to determine the magnitude to which aspects of the sociodemographic profile of students (gender, age, religion, ethnicity and race) influence both the acts of harassment received as a cybervictim and those carried out as a cyberaggressor. Additionally, aiming to discover which of these acts suffered as cybervictim or carried out as cyberaggressor increase or decrease to a greater extent, comparing a profile of potential cyberaggressor with another of potential cybervictim. For this purpose, an artificial neural network of the multilayer perceptron type is employed, generating an estimation model of these cybervictim and cyberaggressor facts based on the students' profile using data obtained through a five-points' Likert questionnaire. That is especially useful for detecting specific behaviours based on a certain profile, being able to determine which of these attitudes are most at risk of occurring to put the relevant measures in place to prevent them. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Adolescents with chronic illnesses face unparalleled challenges. To better understand these challenges and their impact on mental well-being, the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire Dysregulation Profile (SDQ-DP) was employed as a clinical assessment tool. The primary aim of our cross-sectional study conducted at a tertiary care center was to assess the prevalence of high SDQ-DP scores and its association with depressive symptoms, suicidal behaviors, and health-related quality of life (HRQoL) among adolescents aged 10–18 years diagnosed with various chronic illnesses. Among the 130 participants, 11.5% exhibited high SDQ-DP scores. Adolescents with high SDQ-DP scores displayed significantly higher rates of depression (aOR 12.37, 95% CI 2.15–71.19), suicidal ideation (aOR 18.68, 95%CI 2.72–128.33), suicidal plan (aOR 23.02, 95%CI 3.48–152.24), suicidal attempt (aOR 25.48, 95%CI 2.83–229.17) and diminished HRQoL (p < 0.001). This study has supported the correlation between high SDQ-DP scores and compromised mental well-being, highlighting the tool's clinical significance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Sensitive and responsive caregiving is a critical protective factor for children in Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) during their first 1000 days of life. Health initiatives may benefit from evaluating the experience of caregivers in SSA to understand their parenting experiences. This study utilized linguistic analysis to gain insight into the lived experience of 19 Sesotho-speaking mothers of infants aged 18–30 months in low-income areas of Mangaung, Free State, South Africa. Women were asked the same set of questions about their child's first 1000 days of life, and we used LIWC (Linguistic Inquiry and Word Count) LIWC to evaluate the perspectives of mothers in SA compared to published LIWC norms. Analyses revealed word use patterns associated with psychological processes such as negative affect, social processes, anger and anxiety. Findings are discussed within the context of Sesotho culture to aid in the future intervention development for this vulnerable population. This study is important because it yields important information about the subjective experience of an understudied critical population of mothers in SSA. Further, this study points to future directions for the field of understanding the impact of motherhood on women in low resource settings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Children faced many challenges due to the COVID-19 pandemic and the school closure policies that were implemented to combat it. When justifying closures, governments had to decide how to frame children's vulnerability, as their decisions protected children from some harms while forcing them to endure others. Children are typically framed as vulnerable to justify implementing protective policies but given that these protective policies came with severe consequences for children, it was not an inherently appropriate framing in this case. This study compares the press releases about school closures produced by the Victorian and New South Wales state governments to examine how they framed children's vulnerability and how this positioned their obligation to protect children. It concludes that even though school closures were protective policies, neither government framed children as particularly vulnerable. This is likely explained by the fact that many of the consequences of school closures were harmful to children, so emphasising their vulnerability may have made it harder to retain public support for these policies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Considerable research has examined how involvement in gay-affiliated communities is associated with sexual health behaviours in sexual minority men (i.e., gay, bisexual, and other men who have sex with men), yet findings in this domain are often contradictory and inconclusive. This systematic review aimed to (a) synthesise the related empirical literature, and (b) identify potential factors driving inconsistent findings. Peer-reviewed publications were included if they contained quantitative data and at least one measure of the statistical association between gay community involvement and sexual health behaviour. The search strategy was implemented in six databases and returned 6,409 articles, of which 86 met the inclusion criteria. There was considerable heterogeneity in how gay community involvement was assessed across studies. Although gay community involvement was consistently associated with greater engagement in protective behaviours across studies, the association between gay community involvement and risk behaviours appeared to depend on how gay community involvement was conceptualised and measured (e.g., nightlife involvement vs. political activism). Findings emphasise a need for studies that employ validated measures that reflect the multidimensional nature of gay community involvement, as well as research designs better suited to address the causal effects of community involvement on HIV/STI transmission and prevention. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

While previous systematic reviews have focused on individual interventions for refugees, the current study aims to contribute to the literature by systematically reviewing the effectiveness of group and community-based interventions, to provide insight into ways current treatments can be scaled and integrated into stepped-care interventions. A systematic review was conducted. In September 2022, PsycINFO, PubMed, Scopus, Embase and CINAHL were systematically searched and findings were analysed using narrative thematic analysis. Key findings were that in general the group format was effective, especially when paired with an intervention such as cognitive behavioural therapy. The findings also point to barriers and facilitators for accessing group interventions, including language, cultural safety, and gender considerations. In general, while groups were not typically seen as a replacement for individual therapy, the included studies suggested the complementary value of group modalities, as well as their utility as an early access intervention. Ultimately, the existing body of research concerning group interventions indicates that treatments delivered in a group format have utility and scalability and should be considered for integration into stepped models of care for people with refugee backgrounds. What is already known about this topic: Stepped care enhances access to mental health care. Refugees have a higher vulnerability to developing mental illness and lower access to services. Group programmes are often more culturally responsive for refugees. What this topic adds: Stepped care should include group-based and community interventions at the lower tiers of stepped care models. In-language culturally adapted group interventions are generally effective and accessible for refugees. To enhance accessibility, practitioners should consider providing transport and childcare as part of facilitating group-based interventions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Although evidence-based parenting programs are widely available, they remain inaccessible to many families of children with social, emotional and behavioural problems, particularly in remote settings. In partnership with Aboriginal communities in the remote Fitzroy Valley, Western Australia, we introduced and evaluated the Indigenous Triple P – Positive Parenting Program, with additional Stepping Stones Triple P strategies (for children with complex needs). Implementation followed community consultation and program adaptation to acknowledge local culture, social complexities and language. The initiative was named Jandu Yani U, meaning "for all families" in the local Bunuba language. Local practitioners (parent coaches) were trained to deliver Triple P. Parents and carers (henceforth carers) of children up to 15 years of age were invited to participate. Families attending the program reported on child behaviour, parenting practices, self-efficacy, wellbeing and empowerment pre- and post-intervention and at 8-month follow-up using standardised assessment tools delivered by local community navigators. Of 30 participating families, 100% completed Triple P and reported the program was culturally appropriate. Of the index children, 93% were Aboriginal, 63% boys, median age 6.83 years. Following the program, carers reported high levels of empowerment and reaching goals for behaviour change (p <.001) and less use of unhelpful parenting strategies (over-reactivity and hostility; p <.05), and this maintained at 8-month follow-up (p <.001). At follow-up, improvement in carer self-efficacy (p <.001) and reduced anxiety (p <.001) were documented. Significant improvements in prosocial behaviour, reductions in challenging behaviour and decreased intensity and frequency of behavioural problems (all p <.05) were reported in children at follow-up. The average level of goal attainment was 65% at post, which was maintained at follow-up. This study demonstrates the feasibility of delivering Indigenous Triple P to Aboriginal families in remote settings, and the importance of partnership with communities. Program tailoring, flexible delivery, use of Aboriginal parent coaches and provision of practical support to families resulted in a culturally acceptable parent support program. With local Aboriginal co-design, this initiative should be generalisable to similar remote communities elsewhere. What is already known about the topic: Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander families are more often exposed to stressful life events than non-Indigenous families, with children overrepresented in hospitalisation rates, poor health outcomes, early school dropout, out-of-home care, involvement with the justice system and youth suicide. There is a significant evidence base that parenting programs, such as Triple P, built on the principles of social learning and self-regulation, can be effective in addressing emotional and behavioural problems in children in the short and longer term. Despite the availability of evidence-based parenting programs, a minority of parents of children with behavioural and emotional problems access such programs, and access by Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander families is lower. What this topic adds: This study determined the feasibility of delivering a community tailored, evidence-based parenting program to families in a very remote Western Australian Aboriginal community. Families reported significant reductions in unhelpful parenting strategies, carer anxiety and challenging child behaviours and significant increases in parenting confidence and empowerment and prosocial child behaviour following the program. Co-design methods, community-led modifications to resources, two-way learning with Aboriginal and non-Indigenous trainers, training local parent coaches, flexible program delivery and long-term practical support were essential for delivering a culturally acceptable parenting program implementation strategy that could be adapted for remote communities elsewhere. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Manual co-speech gestures can facilitate language comprehension, especially in adverse listening conditions. However, we do not know whether gestures influence simultaneous interpreters' language comprehension in adverse listening conditions, and if so, whether this influence is modulated by interpreting experience, or by active simultaneous interpreting (SI). We exposed 24 interpreters and 24 bilinguals without interpreting experience to utterances with semantically related gestures, semantically unrelated gestures, or without gestures while engaging in comprehension (interpreters and bilinguals) or in SI (interpreters only). Tasks were administered in clear and noisy speech. Accuracy and reaction time were measured, and participants' gaze was tracked. During comprehension, semantically related gestures facilitated both groups' processing in noise. Facilitation was not modulated by interpreting experience. However, when interpreting noisy speech, interpreters did not benefit from gestures. This suggests that the comprehension component, and specifically crossmodal information processing, in SI differs from that of other language comprehension. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The sentences "More than half of the students passed the exam" and "Fewer than half of the students failed the exam" describe the same set of situations, and yet the former results in shorter reaction times in verification tasks. The two-step model explains this result by postulating that negative quantifiers contain hidden negation, which involves an extra processing stage. To test this theory, we applied a novel EEG analysis technique focused on detecting cognitive stages (HsMM-MVPA) to data from a picture-sentence verification task. We estimated the number of processing stages during reading and verification of quantified sentences (e.g. "Fewer than half of the dots are blue") that followed the presentation of pictures containing coloured geometric shapes. We did not find evidence for an extra step during the verification of sentences with fewer than half. We provide an alternative interpretation of our results in line with an expectation-based pragmatic account. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study examined whether intelligibility-enhancing hyperarticulated clear speaking styles improve word segmentation during real-time speech processing in quiet and in noise. English-speaking listeners heard clearly and conversationally spoken sentences in which the target (e.g. ham) was temporarily ambiguous with a competitor (e.g. hamster) across a word boundary (e.g. ham starting) while their eye fixations to target and competitor images were recorded. Relative to conversational speech, clear speech led listeners to fixate the target image over the competitor image to a greater degree, indicating facilitation of word segmentation. Such facilitation emerged in quiet and in noise even before disambiguating segmental information (e.g. /ɑ/ in starting) was available. A parallel clear speech benefit was not found when the disyllabic word (e.g. hamster) was the target. The findings suggest that improved word segmentation partly underlies the well-documented clear speech perceptual and cognitive benefits and may arise from the enhancements of multiple word boundary cues. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To translate, cross-culturally adapt, and psychometric testing the Western Ontario Shoulder Instability index (WOSI) into Persian Seventy-two patients diagnosed with shoulder instability participated in reliability, construct validity, and responsiveness analysis. All the patients filled out the WOSI with an interval of two weeks to assess reliability. The shortened Disability of Arm, Shoulder and Hand (Quick-DASH), Shoulder Pain and Disability Index (SPADI), and the 36-Item Short-Form Survey (SF-36) were assessed to evaluate construct validity. In order to assess responsiveness patients filled out WOSI before and after the physiotherapy and global rating of change scale at last session of physiotherapy. Reliability was assessed by intra-class correlation coefficient (ICC (1,2)), construct validity by two tailed Pearson (r), and responsiveness by longitudinal validity and receiver operating characteristics (ROC) curve analysis. The ICC (1,2) was 0.90 and correlation analysis revealed high level of correlation with: Quick-DASH (r = 0.82); SPADI (r = 0.72); physical SF-36 (r = −0.52); and mental SF-36 (r = −0.48). Responsiveness analysis demonstrated the area under curve was 0.90, with minimal clinical important difference 46.87. We found the Persian-WOSI as a valid, reliable, and responsive questionnaire to evaluate quality of life of patients with shoulder instability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

How the weight-bearing asymmetry pattern and related maximum lateral weight-bearing capacity, physical functions, balance, and mobility involved in weight-bearing asymmetry and lesions are related to weight-bearing asymmetry in patients with early-onset stroke remains unclear. To investigate the difference between weight-bearing in the early phase after stroke categorized as symmetrical or nonsymmetrical regarding impairments, balance, walking, and independence, and any lesion location difference. This cross-sectional study included 46 persons with hemiparetic stroke within 3 weeks from onset undergoing inpatient rehabilitation and classified into symmetrical, paretic, and non-paretic groups. We performed posturographic, functional, mobility, and lesion location assessments on participants once the evaluation was possible. The symmetrical, paretic, and non-paretic groups included 14, 11, and 21 patients, respectively. The non-paretic group had lesser mean % body weight in maximum lateral weight-bearing to the paretic direction (79% versus 55%, p <.001), motor function of the hip lower limb (64 versus 58, p =.003) per the Stroke Impairment Assessment Set, Trunk Impairment Scale (18 versus 15, p =.020), and Berg Balance Scale (42 versus 32, p =.047) than the paretic group with more lesions in the insula (55% versus 0%, p <.001) and parietal cortex (36% versus 0%, p =.009) than the non-paretic group. The non-paretic group had low dynamic balance, severe motor paresis, and trunk dysfunction. The paretic group had lesions in the insula or parietal cortex. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To examine whether extended compared to standard level of physiotherapy is feasible and has beneficial effects on physical function in ICU survivors. This prospective pilot study with a before and after design included patients discharged from ICU to a surgical ward. The comparison group were recruited between January and April 2019 and received standard level of physiotherapy. The intervention group were recruited between May and December 2019 and received extended physiotherapy, corresponding to 50% additional physiotherapist, working 4 hours per weekday. The intervention participants received an individual rehabilitation plan developed in collaboration with a ward-based physiotherapist, and an extended number of sessions provided by the extra resource included practicing individualized exercises, for example walking and stair climbing. Physical function was measured with the Chelsea Critical Care Physical Assessment tool (CPAx) at ICU discharge, during hospital stay and discharge. Group differences were analyzed using the Mann–Whitney U-test and Chi2 test. Out of 46 eligible patients, 39 (85%) fulfilled the study (comparison n = 12, intervention n = 27) and were included in the final analyses. No adverse events occurred, and the attendance rate was high (98.5%). There were no statistically significant differences between the groups regarding physical function, hospital stay, and readmissions, but there were tendencies to better outcomes in all these parameters in favor of the intervention group. Additionally, patients in the intervention group had statistically significantly higher scores in the CPAx items "transferring from bed to chair" (median 5 vs 4, p =.039) and "stepping" (median 5 vs 4, p =.005) at hospital discharge. This pilot study indicates that extended physiotherapy after ICU discharge is feasible and does not entail patient safety risks. However, determining the potential beneficial effects for the patients remains to be evaluated in a larger trial. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) became a significant challenge for the work and personal experience of physiotherapists (PTs) To investigate how the work activities of PTs in a region in Italy have changed, describe the reasons for change, perceived competence, and effectiveness of professional education, and explore their personal experience We adopted a monocentric convergent mixed-methods light–questionnaire variant study. The questionnaire contains both closed-ended and open-ended questions. Quantitative and qualitative data were combined to interpret the results Among 78 respondents (response rate 24.4%), 87.2% worked during the pandemic, 52.9% treated patients with COVID-19, and 45.6% changed their working activities. Professional competence was perceived as low in intensive and sub-intensive care settings. The major critical aspect of professional education was respiratory rehabilitation. Life-learning education was judged as effective, even if mainly focused on safety. Nine themes emerged from the analysis of the PTs' experiences: 1) Physiotherapy during COVID-19; 2) Fear and negative feelings; 3) Positive aspects; 4) Organization and management; 5) Prevention measures; 6) Patients; 7) Change; 8) Information; and 9) Professional education PTs who have direct experience with patients with COVID-19 showed great resilience. They overcame the first phase of disorientation and fear, despite a specific lack of competence in the respiratory field. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]