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Corneal transplantation in a pediatric patient population poses special challenges that are not encountered in adults. The surgical procedure is technically more complex because of the small size of the globe, reduced rigidity of the cornea and sclera, and positive vitreous pressure with frequent anterior displacement of the lens-iris diaphragm. Severe inflammatory reaction, secondary glaucoma and immunological graft rejection are also much more likely to occur after surgery. Postoperative visual rehabilitation and amblyopia therapy are crucial but complex in a pediatric patient population. The combination of a dedicated multispecialty transplant team and the education and cooperation of the patient's family are imperative for a successful outcome. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We present six patients with typical Hallermann-Streiff syndrome. All have microphthalmia and were operated for congenital cataract. Three of the patients developed a severe glaucoma and one patient presented repeated uveal effusions. Five of our patients have the same pattern of corneal stromal opacities. The opacities are ill defined and bilateral; the stroma between the opacities is clear. The opacities are observed in two children around the age of 5. Follow up of 10 years did not reveal a manifest increase of the lesions. The authors believe that corneal stromal opacities are a feature of the Hallermann-Streiff syndrome and they would urge ophthalmologists to look for this. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: To describe a keratopathy in patients with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. Methods: Retrospective review of ophthalmic and medical records, including laboratory evaluations, of seven patients with HIV infection and posterior intracorneal opacities. Results:Each patient had a bilateral peripheral keratopathy located at the level of the Descemet membrane that was unassociated with intraocular inflammation. All patients were receiving highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART). All patients had elevations in their CD4+ T-lymphocyte counts due to HAART prior to presenting with the corneal opacities. Five of the seven patients had elevated serum cholesterol, triglycerides, or both. Best-corrected visual acuity was 20/25 or better in six of the seven patients at the time of diagnosis, and vision remained stable through the follow-up period in all patients (median follow-up: 25 months; range: 14–82 months). The corneal opacities remained unchanged in all seven over the follow-up period. Conclusion:These patients have a bilateral keratopathy that appears to be non-progressive and has no effect on visual acuity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]