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Literature on testimonial injustice and ways that perpetrators might combat it have flourished since Miranda Fricker's ground-breaking work on testimonial injustice. Less attention has been given, however, to the role of bystanders. In this paper, I examine the accountability that bystanders may have for their omissions to redress testimonial injustice. I argue that bystander accountability applies in cases where it is opportune for bystanders to intervene, and if they are also sufficiently equipped and able to redress the testimonial injustice. Moreover, I recommend that we move beyond virtue responsibilism for ameliorative thinking about testimonial injustice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

People generally accept that there is causation by omission—that the omission of some events cause some related events. But this acceptance elicits the selection problem, or the difficulty of explaining the selection of a particular omissive cause or class of causes from the causal conditions. Some theorists contend that dependence theories of causation cannot resolve this problem. In this paper, we argue that the appeal to norms adequately resolves the selection problem for dependence theories, and we provide novel experimental evidence for it. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

The year 2013 was the 94th anniversary of the Amritsar massacre in the Jallianwala Bagh, and it was also the year that the film of Salman Rushdie's Midnight's Children went on general release. The Amritsar atrocity is the first historical event portrayed in the original novel, demonstrating its relevance to the emergence of an independent India, yet – despite its director being born in Amritsar – the movie chooses not to represent the massacre at all. This essay argues that such a symbolic omission hints at a major shift in the politics of Rushdie's newer work: The Enchantress of Florence and Shalimar the Clown are marked by a capitulation in the face of state power that Rushdie fought so hard against in Midnight's Children and The Satanic Verses. Rushdie has never been only a celebrant of ‘hybridity, impurity, intermingling,’ preferring instead to dramatize the conflict between the magic of hybridity and the awful realities of state power, in a technique I dub ‘tragic realism’. In his latest novels, however, Rushdie portrays less and less magic in his worlds, replacing it with more and more sadness about what he sees as the failure of hybridity as a political project in the face of sovereign power and the state of exception. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the article, the author offers information on the view of philosopher Immanuel Kant's philosophy of right as a set of restrictions. Topics discussed include distinction between misfeasance and nonfeasance organized by private rights, moral principles concerning rights of human beings, and the way a court takes its decision on a breach of contract case.

One important goal of driving research is the development of a short but valid office-based screening test for fitness to drive of aging drivers. Several candidate tests have been proposed already, and no doubt others will be proposed in the future. It might seem obvious that authors advocating for the adoption of a particular screening test or procedure should report sensitivity, specificity, and other common screening test properties. Unfortunately, driving researchers have frequently failed to report any screening test properties. Others have reported screening test properties but have made basic mistakes such as calculating predictive values of positive and negative tests but reporting them incorrectly as sensitivity and specificity. These omissions and errors suggest that some driving researchers may be unaware of the importance of accurately reporting test properties when proposing a screening procedure and that others may need a refresher on how to calculate and interpret the most common screening test properties. Many good learning resources for screening and diagnostic tests are available, but most of them are intended for students and researchers in medicine, epidemiology, or public health. We hope that this tutorial in a prominent transportation journal will help lead to improved reporting and interpretation of screening test properties in articles that assess the usefulness of potential screening tools for fitness to drive. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The capture of Saddam Hussein in December 2003 was reported with a sense of triumph that must have greatly satisfied the US forces occupying Iraq. This was the victory they had been looking for - the seminal moment that signalled that the invasion had been a success. But the reporting of that event was also a missed opportunity: an example of incomplete storytelling. In this article, I use my personal experience of reporting on the event for the BBC as a starting point to examine what it, and the way it was covered, tells us about the omissions that are frequently a feature of conflict reporting. The article argues that the way in which reporters had to work in Iraq then meant that they did not convey all of the event's wider implications, and suggests how that might be improved. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The rise of public participation in policy is an integral part of the shift from government to governance, and is presented as the best and most appropriate answer to requests for democratic policymaking. Both in official accounts and in the work of scholars, participation is situated in a discourse that combines a deliberative ethics with a managerialist pathos. This discourse has two important omissions: the neglect of the role of power in participation, and the poor coverage of the activities of participants. To remedy these omissions, this paper proposes a practice based approach to the study of participation. Two case studies of participants' practices are presented: one dealing with spatial planning, the other with qualitative water policies. The case studies show similarities and differences in practices of participation. These are related to the values that participants hold, the roles they adopt, and the context in which they are situated. The paper concludes that power relations in participation are only fully understood in the light of a complex field of practice that stretches beyond formal venues and official accounts of participation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present study examined the effect of three different types of suggestion on children's recognition memory. Younger (7-year-olds; n=38) and older (11-year-olds; n=47) children listened to a class presentation about China. Three days later, they were interviewed using suggestive questions that were divided into three categories: questions suggesting that details were present when in fact they were not (commission errors), questions suggesting that presented details were absent (omission errors), and questions suggesting that details were presented differently (change errors). The following day, children participated in a recognition-memory task that contained items that referred to information suggested during the suggestive interview. Children in both age groups were more likely to erroneously endorse items involving change errors than they were to endorse items involving commission or omission errors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Argues that the treatment of omissions of law theorist Michael S. Moore, with regards to the formal requirements for criminal liability in the U.S., is flawed and that its flaws stem from Moore's broader action of theory. Moore's two claims against omissions; Different kinds of omission as distinguished by George Fletcher, a law theorist; Application of the theory of Moore in tax evasion.

Presents a guide to the issue of omissions in criminal justice. Controversy over liability for omissions; Relation of various levels of discourse; Ontological status of omissions as a form of conduct; Function of the requirement of `actus reus' for criminal liability; Worries about controlling liability for omissions.