Search

Presently there are approximately 50 million ballroom dancers in China, and over 100 tertiary institutions offering bachelor's degrees majoring in ballroom dance. It was this context and the growth of tertiary ballroom dance education and the prosperity of ballroom dance competition in China that prompted this research question: What are tertiary teachers' meanings of competition in tertiary ballroom dance education in China? In contextualising the study in China, the history of tertiary ballroom dance education and ecology of ballroom dance competition was outlined. Related to this were the various pedagogical approaches valued within Chinese educational institutions and ballroom dance contexts. A qualitative methodology was utilised in answering the research question. This study found that ballroom dance competition culture informed tertiary teachers' pedagogy, students' learning, and curriculum setting. This study posits that as ballroom dance continues to grow in China, tertiary ballroom dance education in China will require a more finely balanced approach to the role of competition within the curriculum, pedagogical approaches and assessment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Individuals with anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR) exhibit less knee kinematic variability while walking than uninjured controls, associated with deleterious changes in cartilage composition linked to an increased risk for early knee osteoarthritis (KOA). It is unknown whether less knee kinematic variability is also associated with worse knee-related patient-reported outcomes (PROs) consistent with KOA development. This study examined associations between kinematic variability during gait and PROs in individuals post-ACLR. Gait kinematics and the Knee Injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) were collected from 45 participants 6-months post-ACLR (67% Females; 21.45 ± 4.56 years). Overground gait biomechanics using 3D motion capture were collected, and knee kinematics were extracted for post-processing. Sample entropy (SampEn) was used to calculate knee kinematic variability. Pearson's product-moment correlations were conducted to determine the associations between SampEn and KOOS sub-scores. Additionally, independent samples t-tests were performed to evaluate potential differences in SampEn outcomes between individuals with and without clinically relevant symptoms (defined in the introduction). Less sagittal plane kinematic variability is associated with greater pain (r = 0.37, p = 0.01) and symptoms (r = 0.32, p = 0.03). Symptomatic participants demonstrated less sagittal plane knee kinematic variability compared to asymptomatic participants (p = 0.01). The findings suggest less variable gait patterns 6-months post-ACLR may be linked to KOA-related symptoms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: Infectious mononucleosis (IM) or mono is typically caused by primary infection with Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) and may have a months-long, complicated course. We utilized population-based data to add to the limited literature on health care utilization following EBV infection. Methods: The Rochester Epidemiology Project includes medical records for ∼60% of residents living in 27 counties of Minnesota (MN) and Wisconsin (WI). Persons meeting a case definition of recent EBV infection from 1 January 1998 to 31 December 2021 were compared to three persons not meeting the definition, matched on case's sex, age, and index date. Emergency department (ED) visits and hospitalizations in the two groups were compared during 5-years' follow-up divided into three periods (short-term ≤3 months, mid-term >3 months–1 year, long-term >1–5 years). Adjusted hazard ratios (AHR) were estimated to account for the potential influence of confounding variables. Results: In total, 6,423 persons had a recent EBV infection and were matched to 19,269 comparators. The risk of an ED visit was significantly higher among cases in the short-term period (24.3% vs referents: 7.6%, p <.001; AHR = 3.71, 95% CI = 3.41–4.03). Cases also had an increased risk of hospitalization in the short-term (5.2% vs 1.6%: referents, p <.001; AHR = 3.53, 95% CI = 2.94–4.24). For ED visits but not hospitalization, the excess risk persisted into the mid-term follow-up period. Persons without a concurrent clinical diagnosis of IM continued to have an increased risk of hospitalizations up to 1 year after index date (AHR = 1.45, 95% CI = 1.09–1.91) and an increased risk of ED visits up to 5 years after the index date (AHR = 1.29, 95% CI = 1.14–1.46). Conclusion: There is a substantial short- and mid-term increased risk of serious health care encounters associated with recent EBV infection. Mid- and long-term risks are increased in patients who do not have a concomitant diagnosis of IM. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Per capita rates of homelessness are higher in many rural communities than Canada's largest cities, yet little attention has focused on strategies to address rural homelessness. This study compared experiences and lessons learned from three models of homeless shelters in a small town in rural Ontario: a church, motel, and warming center. Methods: Qualitative interviews were conducted with 17 individuals who stayed in or administered any of three emergency shelters that ran between 2019 and 2022. Results: Participants described challenges resulting from insufficient structure, policies, partnerships, funding, and training that led the church and motel shelters to be unsustainable. The warming center had more sustainable funding but lacked supports and had short operating hours. Several aspects of participants' experiences were unique to the rural context, including the lack of infrastructure, precarity of services, and feelings of being surveilled and pushed out of their community. Informal supports and a sense of connection to their hometown meant most had no intention of leaving. Conclusion: The strengths of each model and lessons learned offer opportunities to improve and adapt emergency shelters to the rural context. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Bridging gaps in care coordination for homeless populations is a complex task that requires addressing attitudinal and behavioral changes, as patients hold more control over chronic and preventive care. Despite these challenges, organizations like the Patient Care Intervention Center (PCIC) have made significant strides in improving health equity for vulnerable populations in Houston. PCIC integrates data, fosters collaboration between social services and medical providers, and provides comprehensive and targeted services, positively impacting the health and social outcomes of 98,838 individuals. By addressing diverse needs and integrating medical and social care, PCIC offers a model for developing comprehensive solutions to prevent and reduce homelessness while improving health equity for socially and medically vulnerable populations. PCIC's approach involves data sharing partnerships and care coordination initiatives with various agencies in Harris County and Houston. This cross-sector collaboration, integrating data from multiple sources such as hospital systems, managed care organizations, and government agencies, enables the development of more effective interventions. PCIC demonstrates the limits of fragmented interventions and the importance of integrating medical and social care. PCIC's model serves as an example of how collaboration, targeted services, and data integration can improve health equity and contribute to the prevention and reduction of homelessness. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Work-integrated learning (WIL) is widely used to connect students with the world of work and authentic industry practices. WIL research and practice is primarily focused on the benefits to students and universities, whilst the value of WIL to partner organisations remains relatively underexplored. This study takes an industry, government and community partner-centric perspective to examine learning in partner organisations stimulated through engagement with transdisciplinary WIL. A case study of a transdisciplinary, innovation-focused project-based WIL subject at one Australian university is interrogated through the theoretical lenses of practice theory and mutual learning. Fifteen interviews with stakeholders in partner organisations are analysed against the three dimensions of practice articulated by Kemmis et al. (2014): sayings, doings and relatings. The analysis shows that through engagement with university-led transdisciplinary WIL partners were able to advance their learning projects, disrupt and reconfigure organisational practices, and legitimise experimentation within their organisations. The study builds the case for conceptualising WIL engagement as a professional learning opportunity for partner organisations, in addition to the well-documented benefits to students and universities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper aims to contribute fresh insights into youth participatory action research (YPAR) by using bell hooks' engaged pedagogy to illuminate the process of co-designing a program for transition beyond secondary school. Engaged pedagogy is a critical pedagogy that combines critical consciousness and radical wholeness and seeks to foster a learning community. The 10-week YPAR included six staff collaborators (SCs) and five youth collaborators (YCs). Data comprised recordings of weekly collaborative group meetings; group interviews with SCs and YCs; and reflections and artefacts such as planning documents, graphic organisers and photographs. Informed by engaged pedagogy, findings are represented in two themes. First, YCs and SCs raised critical consciousness by collectively unpacking and critiquing the concept of transition. Critical consciousness allowed YCs to share their lived experiences and critique the dominant deficit discourse that represents transition as a linear process that needs to be smoothed by expert adults. Second, YCs and SCs demonstrated what hooks describes as radical wholeness, by bringing their whole selves to the YPAR. While some SCs and YCs struggled with the messiness of co-design as they negotiated expectations and roles, they learned to be honest and share their emotions, becoming what hooks describes as a learning community. Using an engaged pedagogy lens, we conclude by advocating for a holistic approach for YPAR in which educators take the risk of being vulnerable, sharing uncertainty and discomfort while encouraging youth to also take risks by bringing their whole selves to the process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Study Objectives: To construct and evaluate the inter-rater reliability of the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-5-TR Sleep Disorders – Kid (SCISD-Kid). Method: The SCISD-Kid was modeled on the adult SCISD-R and accounted for pediatric developmental and sociocultural factors. Fifty sleep-disturbed children (Mage = 11.9, SD = 2.9) and 50 caregivers responded to the final SCISD-Kid. Video recordings were double-scored to evaluate inter-rater reliability. Results: The final SCISD-Kid contained approximately 90 questions. Eight of the nine covered disorders had prevalence rates sufficient for analyses for both samples (i.e., k > 2). Inter-rater reliability was examined using Cohen kappa coefficients (κ); reliability estimates ranged from excellent to good. For youth, restless legs syndrome yielded the lowest reliability (.48), while nightmare disorder, narcolepsy, and NREM sleep arousal disorder – sleepwalking type showed the highest reliability (1.00). Across caregivers, NREM sleep arousal disorder – sleep terror type (.49) and hypersomnolence (.54) had the lowest reliability. In contrast, circadian rhythm – delayed sleep phase type, nightmare disorder, and NREM sleep arousal disorder – sleepwalking type showed the highest reliability (1.00). Conclusions: The SCISD-Kid is a promising tool for screening sleep disorders. It showed good to excellent reliability across both samples. Next steps for validation will be discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Atrial fibrillation (AF) is the most common arrhythmia. Catheter ablation is a successful rhythm control strategy in paroxysmal AF, but it has demonstrated dramatically lower AF-free survival rates in patients with persistent AF. In recent years, myriad novel rhythm control strategies have been developed, each with the promise of improved persistent AF ablation success. Areas covered: This review discusses multiple novel techniques and approaches to persistent AF. Authors identified relevant papers by searching PubMed and Google Scholar databases and considered all papers identified, regardless of publication date. It begins by discussing recent advances in electrogram analysis that yielded improved AF-free survival following persistent AF catheter ablation. Next, it discusses several trials revealing the shortcomings of MRI in guiding persistent AF ablation. Finally, it discusses one nascent technique (Vein of Marshall ablation) and technology (AI-assisted electrogram analysis) who have shown promise in improving persistent AF ablation. Expert opinion: In the authors' expert opinions, upcoming persistent AF ablations will utilize a stepwise approach of (1) ensuring PV isolation, (2) Vein of Marshall ablation and (3) AI-assisted ablation to optimize future persistent AF ablation outcomes. This approach systematically addresses arrhythmogenic sources beyond the pulmonary veins, the historical treatment target. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Use of firearm locking devices may reduce the risk of suicide and injury among older adults. This study describes older adults' preferences when choosing a firearm locking device. We conducted a secondary analysis of a nationally representative survey of US adult firearm owners (N = 2,152). We compared older adults (≥65y) with relatively younger adults (<65y), stratified by self-reported gender. The top three factors cited as impacting firearm locking device selection included speed (53.6%) and ease of firearm access from device (52.4%), and cost of the device (28.7%). These top factors were comparable for all adults across genders. A larger proportion of older vs younger males reported that a primary preference was whether the device allows the firearm to remain loaded with ammunition; smaller proportions of older vs younger males reported strength of device (device durability) and costs. Preference among older adults, particularly older males, for locking devices that maintain the firearms easy to access – especially, loaded with ammunition – might impact firearm injury prevention efforts for this high-risk group. For harm reduction, use of any firearm locking device may reduce the risk of firearm injury or death. Clinicians are encouraged to explore reasons for locking device selection within motivational interviewing frameworks. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article considers some complexities surrounding the determination of child competency in matters of data protection. Focusing on the Information Commissioner's Office (ICO) guidelines, the article highlights the apparently pivotal role competency plays in granting children the ability to exercise their data protection rights and interests. The article critically examines the inherent challenges arising from the ICO's approach, emphasising the reliance on data controllers to independently assess the competency of child data subjects. The inherent problematic nature of this approach is scrutinised, shedding light on potential shortcomings and raising questions about the effectiveness and fairness of such assessments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cholinesterase inhibitors, along with memantine, are the mainstay of symptomatic treatment for AD (Alzheimer's disease); however, these medications are typically administered orally, which can be difficult for people with AD and their caregivers. In this drug profile and narrative review, the authors trace the development of the new FDA-approved transdermal donepezil. The authors discuss the studies showing its bioequivalence with the oral formulation, including two double-blinded placebo controlled non-inferiority trials. The authors also compare the patch to the only other transdermal cholinesterase inhibitor on the market, rivastigmine, and highlight the potential advantages and disadvantages between these two treatments. While the patch is bio-equivalent, it is rather large and may not be affordable for some patients. In addition, there is no high dose (e.g. 23 mg) equivalent. Nevertheless, transdermal donepezil will be useful for people with AD and their caregivers, given its effectiveness and potential convenience. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article analyses letters sent by Soviet citizens to newspapers and authorities during the Brezhnev era, supposedly a period of political stagnation. Citizens wrote critical letters, individually and collectively, signed and anonymously, to have problems solved. Authorities responded to citizen concerns, which were mostly very specific and non-systemic, and also used the letters to monitor public opinion. The practice of letter writing in the Soviet Union in this period enabled citizens to hold authorities to account while also providing leaders with the opportunity to legitimise their authority by taking action. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Homelessness is among the most important problems in social medicine. While traditional studies provide useful answers (albeit for increasingly narrow phenomena), unique perspectives and first-person accounts hold potential to influence broader thinking about the field. Here, we provide a first-person account from physician-activist David Buck, a health policy expert and founder of Healthcare for the Homeless-Houston, on what it takes to tackle the homelessness epidemic, fix the broken aid industry, and challenge the status quo. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In England, Wales and Northern Ireland, the General Certificate of Secondary Education (GCSE) has been for the last 35 years the most common qualification by which students' attainment at age 16 has been measured. The range and balance of processes by which the GCSEs' programmes of study have been assessed have varied over the decades, to include both teacher-assessed coursework and modular or end-of-programme timed written assessments (examinations). The necessary replacement in 2020 of GCSE written examinations with teacher-led assessment provided a unique opportunity to explore students' perceptions of the validity and utility of both examination and teacher-led assessment media for this high-stakes award. This research reports part of a survey that explored the experiences of GCSE candidates in 2020, with particular focus upon students' perceptions of preparing for written examinations, and then for teacher-led assessment. 216 students responded to a mixed quantitative/qualitative methods survey that invited opinion and reflection on the relative affordances and shortcomings of written examinations and teacher-led assessment, both for the individual respondent and the wider student cohort. Responses revealed a balance of both positive and negative evaluations of both assessment media, with an almost equal preference for either, albeit many respondents indicated consideration of some other assessment medium (e.g. modular assessment; combined assessment media). We re-emphasise the attested value of ongoing 'dialogue' and consultation with student stakeholders to inform planning for optimisation of assessment utility and validity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article examines teaching strategies to empower metacognition through dance writing and collaborative dance making based on a project for middle school dance students at a Title I middle school during the Fall of 2020. This project draws on theoretical frameworks of critical pedagogy, intersectionality, and educational constructivism. Based on class interactions and informal conversations with students, the project was designed to develop class community across the digital divide of virtual and hybrid learning environments, promote social-emotional skills of self and social awareness, and to support the unique needs of diverse learners. The goal of the project was to empower student metacognition and cognitive monitoring within a middle school dance class through dance writing and collaborative dance making. Through this project the dancers examined complex social issues that matter to them personally, cultivated social emotional skills of self and social awareness, and gained confidence in higher order thinking and metacognition. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Uptake and retention in clinical care for pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) is suboptimal, particularly among young African American men who have sex with men (MSM) in the Deep South. We conducted a two-phase study to develop and implement an intervention to increase PrEP persistence. In Phase I, we conducted focus groups with 27 young African American MSM taking PrEP at a community health center in Jackson, Mississippi to elicit recommendations for the PrEP persistence intervention. We developed an intervention based on recommendations in Phase I, and in Phase II, ten participants were enrolled in an open pilot. Eight participants completed Phase II study activities, including a single intervention session, phone call check-ins, and four assessments (Months 0, 1, 3, and 6). Exit interviews demonstrated a high level of acceptability and satisfaction with the intervention. These formative data demonstrate the initial promise of a novel intervention to improve PrEP persistence among young African American MSM. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper answers calls from the food regime scholarship for a closer analysis of the implicit rules, transitions, and regional scales of food regimes. Drawing on archival materials from the Japanese colonial administration and Sino-American agricultural cooperation, interviews with key actors, and secondary sources, this paper examines instances of agricultural knowledge production and exchange. We suggest that beyond the profound influence of the US in the postwar food regime, the nuances and historical and regional specificity of agricultural scientists' life stories and individual technological imaginaries can 'scale up' through the translation of agrarian knowledge. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article offers a new edition and translation, with accompanying commentary, of an anonymous text entitled by Charles Kohler in the nineteenth century as Historia regum Hierusalem Latinorum ad deplorationem perditionis Terrae Sanctae accommodata. Incorporating evidence drawn from the discovery of three new manuscript witnesses, it is argued that this text, which presents a history the Latin kingdom of Jerusalem from its foundation during the First Crusade through to Saladin's capture of the Holy City in October 1187, was likely produced in the Latin East at the turn of the 1190s, contemporaneously with the events of the Third Crusade. Indeed, the Anonymous Historia is viewed here not only in the context of contemporary laments on Jerusalem's loss, but as a possible exhortatio that sought to use the history of the Latin East as a vehicle to promote further crusading. Analysis of the text's potential literary influences and early dissemination demonstrates its relationship to William of Tyre's Chronicon, and brings forward the date of our earliest written witness to that famous narrative, as well as the Historia's likely independence from the text known as Ernoul. The fact that we can find echoes of this text not only in the Holy Land, but in Angevin and German lands as well, adds another piece to the puzzle of exploring textual responses to the Latin East at the end of the twelfth century. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To assess an evidence-based model (EBM) approach to cochlear implant (CI) aftercare that includes a modified, reduced treatment schedule for newly-implanted adult CI recipients consisting of four appointments (initial activation, 1-, 3- and 6- months postactivation) in the first year post-surgery. This prospective multicenter proof-of-concept study was conducted across three clinics in the United States by five experienced CI clinicians. Seventeen newly-implanted adult patients with postlingual hearing loss enrolled in the study. Hearing outcomes were measured using objective speech testing and subjective self-report measures. Most recipients (14/17; 82%) were able to follow the four-appointment EBM schedule. The reduced number of visits translated into an average time savings of 3 hours per patient. Significant improvements in speech perception were observed at both 3- and 6-months postactivation, as measured by CNC words in quiet and AzBio sentences at +10 dB SNR, consistent with published results achieved by traditional practices. Recipients were significantly satisfied with telephone, music, small group conversation, and television listening at 6 months postactivation. Recipient satisfaction with overall service was rated as "excellent" by 14/14 (100%) respondents. The four-appointment EBM approach delivered efficient and effective audiological aftercare to CI recipients in the first year following CI implantation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We identify the key components of the business models (BMs) of professional European football clubs, introducing a structured business model approach to sport management and presenting a BM taxonomy. To derive a picture of European football clubs' BMs, we develop a BM taxonomy in three iterations. In the first step, we conduct a structured literature review. Second, we analyse case studies and subsequently examine 98 real-world objects. We utilise the 98 clubs as real-world objects of Europe's top five leagues during the 2018/19 season, the last complete season prior to the COVID-19 pandemic. Our taxonomy, consisting of 63 characteristics allocated to 13 dimensions, shows and structures the components of European football clubs' value creation mechanisms. Our evaluation shows that the clubs follow different BMs, proving our taxonomy's applicability. We contribute to theory by identifying and illustrating the existence of different BMs in European professional football. Further, our taxonomy assists club managers to analyse their BMs, enabling them to improve their managerial performance for sustainable success and to avoid mismanagement. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Since 2015 many postgraduate dance students from the Beijing Dance Academy China, have completed a one-year Masters in Community Dance at the University of Auckland, New Zealand. This paper reflects on eight student's experience of their year of international study. Data gathered through semi structured interviews were examined through the threshold concept theory and we found that these students were challenged by teacher/learner relationships, academic research in dance studies, and classroom communications. The article makes recommendations to both the Beijing Dance Academy and the University of Auckland as this academic partnership matures. While this study is specific only to the two institutions involved in the research, it may provide insights that are common across other tertiary dance programmes for international dance students. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Determining the mobility of the costovertebral joints might be important in patients with neck-upper thoracic pain. Little research has been performed on observer agreement when assessing the mobility of these joints. The purpose of this study was to determine intra- and inter-observer agreements when assessing costovertebral joint mobility of the upper three ribs in those with and without neck pain and to compare the difference between the Kappa and AC statistic. Forty-four participants, with and without current neck/upper-thoracic pain, were assessed by two raters. Raters applied a posterior to anterior pressure to the anatomical neck of the first three ribs bilaterally. Mobility was graded: normal, increased, or decreased. An AC1, for nominal data, AC2 for ordinal data, and the Kappa statistics were used to analyze the results. The AC statistics determines chance agreement different than Kappa. AC1 showed "moderate to very good" (0.74–1.0) intra-rater reliability, while inter-rater reliability showed "fair to good" agreement (0.51–0.79). Using the AC2 Intra-rater reliability was "very good" and "almost perfect" (AC2: 0.93–1.0), while using the AC2 was "good to very good" and "good to almost perfect" (0.76–0.94). Kappa values for intra-rater reliability ranged from "fair to moderate" (0.38–0.54), while inter-rater reliability ranged from "poor to fair" (−0.10–0.26). Posterior/anterior pressure is a reliable method to assess the mobility of the upper costovertebral joints. Assessing costovertebral mobility is important when establishing a movement diagnosis in patients with neck/upper thoracic pain. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As racing vehicles become more complex, optimising the interaction between subsystems becomes critical for racing performance. In this work, we incorporate two such subsystems into a vehicle model. We investigate the performance benefits of a four-wheel-drive vehicle with independent control over its in-hub motors and active control on the rear wing flap rotation. The performance is evaluated by solving minimum lap time optimal control problems (OCP) for various vehicle configurations. The OCP is transformed into a nonlinear programming problem through direct collocation and is solved by an interior point method. The four-wheel-drive configuration performs better than rear-wheel drive in terms of lap time, finishing the Barcelona circuit 4 % faster. The benefits come mainly from higher longitudinal accelerations. Active aerodynamic control improves performance regardless of the propulsion configuration, leading to another 1 % of lap time improvement on the Barcelona circuit. The optimal aerodynamic control strategy is different between propulsion configurations, particularly on corner exits. This model enables the exploration of optimal torque vectoring controls and their interaction with a vehicle's active aerodynamics. This is needed to guide the design of the increasingly complex racing vehicle controllers of the future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The patient's role in interprofessional education is fundamental; however, it has received insufficient attention. This study explores how supervision facilitates and supports undergraduate students' learning of patient-centeredness in interprofessional clinical placements. Data were generated in three clinical contexts based on a focused ethnography approach. We found that supervisors are engaged in student teams' interprofessional learning, but often in their preparations or debriefings and seldom during patient encounters. The patient perspective is also less frequently scrutinized in planned interprofessional supervision sessions. Nevertheless, clinical settings provide numerous opportunities that may be exploited further. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cytomegalovirus (CMV) can infect individuals at any age, including infants, who may contract it from infected mothers (congenital CMV [cCMV]). Whereas CMV infection is typically asymptomatic or causes mild illness in healthy individuals, infection can result in severe outcomes in immunocompromised individuals and in infants with cCMV. This systematic review aims to characterize the economic impact of CMV and cCMV infections. Medline, Embase, and LILACS databases were searched for publications reporting the economic impact of cCMV and CMV infections across all age groups. Manuscripts published between 2010 and 2020 from Australia, Latin America, Canada, Europe, Israel, Japan, the United States, and global (international, worldwide) studies were included; congress materials were excluded. Outcomes of interest included cCMV- and CMV-attributable direct costs/charges, resource utilization, and indirect/societal costs. Of 751 records identified, 518 were excluded based on duplication, population, outcome, study design, or country. Overall, 55 articles were eligible for full-text review; 25 were further excluded due to population, outcome, study design, or congress abstract. Two publications were additionally identified, resulting in economic impact data compiled from 32 publications. Of these, 24 publications reported cost studies of cCMV or CMV, including evaluation of direct costs/charges, healthcare resource utilization, and indirect/societal costs, and 7 publications reported economic evaluations of interventions. The populations, methods and outcomes used across these studies varied widely. CMV and cCMV infections impose a considerable economic impact on different countries, populations, and outcomes. There are substantial evidence gaps where further research is warranted. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

High quality processing key to improving product quality and enterprise benefits. In this work, an adaptive network–based fuzzy inference system (ANFIS) was combined with milling experiments to understand the effects of tool geometry and milling parameters on the surface quality of wood fibre–reinforced magnesium oxide composite (WRMC). Specifically, changes in surface roughness (Ra) and damage of WRMC at different milling conditions were assessed using ANFIS and micro-analysis methods. Development of ANFIS models were confirmed to be reliable for predicting surface roughness. Changes in surface roughness at different milling conditions were determined, and the lowest surface roughness was obtained at the highest rake angle, highest cutting speed, and smallest milling depth. Furthermore, pitting-type damage irregularly distributed on the machined surface is attributed to the pulling out and debonding of wood fibres. Overall, high cutting speed, shallow cutting depth, and high rake angle is recommended for fine machining of WRMC where a smooth surface is desired. This study showcases how neuro-fuzzy models can be combined with conventional micro-analysis to optimize milling parameters for WRMC to minimize surface damage, and paves the way for future studies to optimize cutting tool life and energy consumption. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study provides guidelines for the industrial machining of wood-plastic composites, focusing on their behaviour under friction, specifically when friction is caused by sliding contact with cemented carbide. Using the response surface method (RSM) to explore the correlation between the friction coefficient and the wood-plastic composite type, loading force, and reciprocating frequency, a series of frictional tests were performed. The significant contributions of each factor and their two-factor interactions were determined by analysis of variance (ANOVA), with a significance level of 5%, while trends in the variation of the friction coefficient were investigated by using a response surface methodology. The wood-plastic composite types had the greatest impact on the friction coefficient, followed by loading force and reciprocating frequency. A mathematical model (CoF = −0.10 + 0.09ω−0.02f+0.01Fn−0.01ωf+2.38×10−3ωFn−2.00×10−4Fnf+0.11ω2+2.96f2−1.04×10−4Fn2) was developed to accurately predict changes in the friction coefficient during machining of such composites. According to the results of the optimisation, wood-plastic composite with polypropylene should be machined with high-speed cutting, whereas those with polyethylene and polyvinyl chloride are recommended for low-speed machining, so as to ensure the lowest friction coefficient. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection is typically asymptomatic in healthy individuals; however, certain populations are vulnerable to infection and may develop serious sequelae. CMV infection may also have a broad impact on humanistic outcomes, including patient health status and quality of life (QoL). We conducted a systematic literature review (SLR) to describe the global humanistic burden of CMV and congenital CMV (cCMV) infections across all age groups. Medline, Embase, and LILACS were searched to identify studies on humanistic outcomes following CMV infection, including health status/QoL and any outcomes in domains such as auditory performance, cognitive ability, developmental status, intelligence, language, memory, mental health, motor performance, social communication, speech, and vocabulary. The SLR included articles published from 2000 to 2020 and focused geographically on Australia, Europe, Israel, Japan, Latin America, and North America. Sixty-three studies met the inclusion criteria. In general, individuals with symptomatic cCMV infection experience a greater burden of disease and more substantial impact on QoL versus those with asymptomatic cCMV infection. Children with hearing loss due to cCMV infection, both symptomatic and asymptomatic, showed improved auditory outcomes following cochlear implantation. Newborns, infants, and children with cCMV infections had worse cognitive outcomes in psychological development, sequential and simultaneous processing, phonological working memory, and attention control versus age-matched controls without cCMV infection. CMV infection was also associated with cognitive decline in elderly populations. CMV infection can have substantial, lifelong, heterogenous impacts on humanistic outcomes, including health status and QoL, which should be considered when developing and implementing treatment and prevention strategies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

From the 1930s to 1950s, dozens of country musicians 'aged-up' by drawing on wrinkles, wearing gray wigs, and behaving like 'old-timers'. Taking as its case study the Kentuckian musician and radio entertainer Louis Marshall 'Grandpa' Jones, this article unpacks the phenomenon of age masquerade in mid-twentieth-century country music. Although best remembered as a cast member of the early 1970s CBS series Hee Haw, Jones first started his career as 'Grandpa' in the 1930s, when he was still in his twenties. This article asks what Grandpa Jones, and the wider age masquerade phenomenon, reveal about the nation's hopes and fears in the years between the Great Depression and the beginning of the Cold War. In the process, this article argues that Jones and other fake elders operating in early country music draw attention to the diverse theatrical, technological, commercial, and demographic influences on country music's development; challenge our ideas about the importance of 'authenticity' to the genre; and, more broadly, demonstrate how country music history can provide new perspectives on some of the period's old-age politics and gender, class, and race dynamics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Despite decreases in US opioid prescribing rates, daily morphine milligram equivalents (MME) prescribed per person remains three times higher than in 1999. An interprofessional team (IPT) was developed to support pain management for patients prescribed long-term high-dose opioids (HDO) in a Federally Qualified Health Center. The IPT utilized a clinical pharmacist, addiction nurse, medical director, and another physician or nurse practitioner to manage adults prescribed long-term HDO, defined as exceeding 50 daily MME. Visits focused on patient education including risks associated with long-term HDO use and effective pain management. The IPT engaged in supportive, individualized care planning for safer, evidence-based pain management, which included, but was not limited to opioid tapers, adjuvant non-opioid pain medications (NOPM), non-pharmacological therapy (NPT), and naloxone co-prescribing. The IPT saw 90% (n = 19) of eligible patients. Excluding outliers, the cohort demonstrated an average 18% ± 24.9 decrease in daily MME. The most common NOPM were acetaminophen, NSAIDs, and pregabalin, and the most common NPT were physical, aquatic, and behavioral therapy. Shared decision-making, collaborative teamwork, and simple patient-centered goals are key to moving patients toward safer, evidence-based therapy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Social cognition is often aberrant or impaired in psychotic disorders and related to functional outcomes. In particular, one core social cognitive bias – hostile attribution bias – is proposed to be implicated in paranoia, anxiety, mood disturbances and interpersonal conflict outcomes. However, questions remain about this domain's specificity to psychosis and its relationship to general functional outcomes. The present paper offers a descriptive and critical review of the literature on hostile attribution bias in psychotic disorders, in order to examine (1) its impact on persecutory symptoms in schizophrenia-spectrum disorders, (2) impact on other related psychopathology among those experiencing psychosis and (3) relationship to functioning. Twenty-eight studies included in this review after parallel literature searches of PsycINFO and PubMed. Evidence from these studies highlighted that hostile attribution bias is elevated in schizophrenia, and that it is related to anxiety, depression and interpersonal conflict outcomes. While results suggest that hostile attributions are elevated in schizophrenia and associated with symptoms and functioning, there exist numerous persisting questions in the study of this area, including identifying which measures are most effective and determining how it presents: as a state or trait-like characteristic, via dual processes, and its situational variation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study used the transtheoretical model of behavior change to categorize participants into stages of change groups regarding eleven conservation behaviors. Three main stages of change were identified: precontemplation, contemplation, and action. Participants from different stage placements were interviewed to explore barriers and motivations towards doing different conservation behaviors. Individuals in different stages identified different motivations and barriers that were important to doing (or not doing) an action. Lack of time was the most common barrier for precontemplators, while the most common barrier for contemplators and actors was being unaware of a behavior. Precontemplators and contemplators were most commonly motivated by a behavior being easy, while actors were most commonly motivated by getting reminders about the behavior. This suggests that educational programs designed to promote conservation behaviors should include multiple motivators and reduce as many types of barriers as possible to reach the greatest number of people. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Research is critical for effective and innovative social work practice, yet social workers do not always have time to engage with research and there are limited accounts of how practitioners can undertake research in practical and meaningful terms (Mitchell, Lunt, and Shaw 2010). Using a reflective, storytelling methodology (Beresford 2016), which centres experiential knowledge, we describe how one regional social work teaching partnership nurtured practitioner research over a three-year period. We introduce a regionally administrated 'hub', that connected social workers and academics and supported the development of seventeen research teams. The studies that resulted, focused on a range of important issues including child protection, young people in transition to adult services, adults in community and residential settings, lived experience-led provision, and social work education. In terms of limitations, our reflections are descriptive and illuminative, rather than critical, our findings are also not representative but rather reflect a snapshot of practice. Despite limitations, this commentary reveals the feasibility and value of proactively nurturing practitioner research and offers a blueprint for cultivating similar initiatives in other regions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

There has long been evidence of the benefit of a modal shift toward cycling can bring to meeting several pressing urban challenges including ill-health, climate change, and poor air quality. In the wake of COVID-19, policy-makers have identified a modal shift toward cycling as part of the solution to mobility challenges introduced by social distancing measures. However, beyond exemplar areas, cycling has been largely characterized by a stubbornly-low modal share. In this paper, we use the 'ordinary city' – in cycling terms – of Liverpool as a case study to understand this. We apply practice theory in doing so, finding the provision of materials for cycling is the key factor in supporting a modal shift. Not only do they provide the means to support the practice of cycling in the city, but they also have a key role in shaping individuals perceptions of, and the skills required to cycle. We then reflect upon the utility of practice theory in understanding the patterns of everyday life, finding it was particularly well suited in understanding the interactions between different factors which influence modal choice. We go on to identify practical challenges in its application within our analysis raising questions around an inconsistent analysis of influential factors including 'driver behavior' and 'political commitment'. We suggest how this might be overcome, through the isolation of such factors within a category of 'action of others', this we argue means the findings in this paper have broad relevance to researchers and policy-makers alike. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this review is to develop evidence-based practices for the use of platelet-rich plasma (PRP) to treat osseous pathologies of the lower extremity. There is moderate high-quality evidence to support the efficacy of PRP as a surgical augment to microfracture in osteochondral lesions of the talus (OLT). The literature supports a conceivable positive impact on bony union and osseous healing. There is insufficient evidence to support PRP injections in the conservative management of OLT or symptomatic ankle osteoarthritis. PRP may serve as a viable treatment method in the surgical augmentation of microfracture surgery in OLT and has promise for increasing bony union following surgical operations. Further high-quality, comparative studies with longer clinical follow-up are required. The purpose of this review is to develop evidence-based practices for the use of platelet-rich plasma (PRP) to treat bony pathologies of the lower extremity. There is moderate high-quality evidence to support the use of PRP in surgery to treat damage of both cartilage and bone in the foot. The literature supports a conceivable positive impact on bony healing after fracture. There is insufficient evidence to support PRP injections in the conservative management symptomatic ankle osteoarthritis. PRP may augment bone stimulation surgery in cases of cartilage and bone defects with promise for increasing bone to bone healing following surgical operations. Further high-quality, comparative studies with longer clinical follow-up are required. PRP may serve as an augment to microfracture surgery in osteochondral lesions of the talus and has promise for increasing bony union following surgical operations. Further high-quality, comparative studies with longer clinical follow-up are required. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective Exposure to diabetes mellitus during pregnancy increases the risk of offspring obesity and cardiometabolic disease. Limited information exists regarding growth patterns among preterm infants exposed to maternal diabetes. This study describes growth differences during early childhood among late preterm infants of mothers with and without diabetes during pregnancy. Materials and methods In a retrospective longitudinal analysis, weight trajectories from birth to age 2 years were compared between diabetes exposure groups (N = 1554) using mixed effects modeling and adjusting for maternal and infant demographic covariates. Results Overall, 134 (9%) infants were exposed to diabetes (DM-group). DM-group had higher average weight (adjusted difference 300 g [95% CI: 228, 371]) and weight z-score (adjusted difference 0.67 standard deviation scores (SDS) [95% CI: 0.50, 0.84]) compared with unexposed infants. DM-group infants had accelerated weight gain from birth to discharge (adjusted weight difference 31.8 g [95% CI: 12.5, 51.1], adjusted weight z-score difference 0.07 SDS [95% CI: 0.02, 0.11]) compared with unexposed infants, including in the first postnatal week (adjusted weight gain velocity difference, day 0–3: 6.07 g/day [95% CI: 0.88, 11.25]; day 3–7: 8.37 g/day [95% CI: 1.60, 15.13]). Through age two, infants in the DM-group maintained higher average weight (adjusted difference 185.7 g [95% CI: 37.2, 334.3]) and weight z-score (adjusted difference 0.32 SDS [95% CI: 0.09, 0.55]) than unexposed infants, with greater weight gain between 18 and 24 months (adjusted difference 28.5 g/week [95% CI: 2.6, 54.4]). Conclusions Maternal diabetes exposed late preterm infants had higher weight from birth to age two and greater weight gain in the first postnatal week than unexposed infants. Long term risk associated with weight trajectories in this population requires further study. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Predictors of overall epicardial adipose tissue deposition have been found to vary between males and females. Whether similar sex differences exist in epicardial fat cell morphology is currently unknown. This study aimed to determine whether epicardial fat cell size is associated with different clinical measurements in males and females. Fat cell sizes were measured from epicardial, paracardial, and appendix adipose tissues of post-mortem cases (N= 118 total, 37 females). Epicardial, extra-pericardial, and visceral fat volumes were measured by computed tomography from a subset of cases (N= 70, 22 females). Correlation analyses and stepwise linear regression were performed to identify predictors of fat cell size in males and females. Median fat cell sizes in all depots did not differ between males and females. Body mass index (BMI) and age were independently predictive of epicardial, paracardial, and appendix fat cell sizes in males, but not in females. Epicardial and appendix fat cell sizes were associated with epicardial and visceral fat volumes, respectively, in males only. In females, paracardial fat cell size was associated with extra-pericardial fat volume, while appendix fat cell size was associated with BMI only. No predictors were associated with epicardial fat cell size in females at the univariable or multivariable levels. To conclude, no clinical measurements were useful surrogates of epicardial fat cell size in females, while BMI, age, and epicardial fat volume were independent, albeit weak, predictors in males only. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Anna Maria Falconbridge's 1794 travel journal Two Voyages to Sierra Leone documents Britain's resettlement of formerly enslaved people to Sierra Leone and the endemic disease and high rates of mortality that beset the colony. This essay argues that Falconbridge employs the authority of medical discourse to criticize British colonialism in West Africa. Advocating for disease prevention, she adopts medical practices to regulate illness and ensure the settlement's success. However, she opposes the colonial initiative after an epidemic kills nearly half the settlers and endangers her own life. Locating the source of disease in colonial mismanagement and racism, she confronts abolitionists in England and questions the legitimacy of their project. By focusing on Falconbridge's account of disease in Sierra Leone, this essay shifts attention away from formal networks of colonial knowledge to the more informal practice of recording done by women. Her work is significant for revealing women's role in debates on abolition and resettlement and providing an alternative perspective on colonialism in the early Atlantic world. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper uses game theory to examine the efforts of public sector actors in the UK to integrate climate change interventions within development processes. Drawing on desk-based analysis and interviews, we identify instances where private-sector developers act strategically to exploit public-sector imperatives to deliver economic growth and housing. We find these imperatives constrained the agency of planners to effectively reconcile climate mitigation/adaptation objectives within wider priorities of economic growth. Yet, we identify instances whereby strategic planning frameworks, informal networks and bespoke development frameworks were effective means to build trust between actors and foster co-operation, better enabling development which meets climate change mitigation/adaptation objectives. In doing so, we illustrate the practical and theoretical value of game theory, whilst highlighting how careful use of strategic planning can support achieving climate change mitigation/adaptation objectives at a local scale. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The transition to online teaching as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic led many universities to think strategically about the delivery of learning, teaching and assessment and the subsequent implications for student engagement and attainment. This piece of research builds upon literature around 'immersive scheduling', referred to as 'block delivery' alongside 'blended learning' by presenting findings from a mixed method study of a pilot block and blend delivery approach at one UK University. Qualitative data was collected from 94 students studying on 22 modules selected for the pilot. Secondary data analysis of outcome data and deferral requests for modules delivered in a traditional format in the academic year 2019/20 were compared to outcome data for modules delivered in a block and blend format in 2020/21. The findings suggest that a block and blend approach has positive implications for attainment, the frequency of deferral applications and leads to self-reported student engagement via a sense of accomplishment, focus and enhanced flexibility. The study highlights the potential of a combined block delivery and blended learning approach in enhancing student experience and attainment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A recent publication by Belton et al. raises points for policy-makers and scientists to consider with respect to the future of aquaculture making recommendations on policies and investments in systems and areas of the world where aquaculture can contribute most. Belton et al. take an 'us versus them' approach separating aquaculture by economics, livelihood choices, and water salinity. They conclude "that marine finfish aquaculture in offshore environments will confront economic, biophysical, and technological limitations that hinder its growth and prevent it from contributing significantly to global food and nutrition security." They argue that land-based freshwater aquaculture is a more favorable production strategy than ocean/marine aquaculture; they disagree with government and non-governmental organizations spatial planning efforts that add new aquaculture to existing ocean uses; they advocate for open commons for wild fisheries as opposed to aquaculture; and they oppose 'open ocean' aquaculture and other types of industrial, capital-intensive, 'carnivorous' fish aquaculture. They discredit marine aquaculture rather than explain how all aquaculture sectors are significantly more efficient and sustainable for the future of food than nearly all land-based animal protein alternatives. As an interdisciplinary group of scientists who work in marine aquaculture, we disagree with both the biased analyses and the advocacy presented by Belton et al. Marine aquaculture is growing and is already making a significant contribution to economies and peoples worldwide. None of the concerns Belton et al. raise are new, but their stark statement that farming fish in the sea cannot 'nourish the world' misses the mark, and policy-makers would be wrong to follow their misinformed recommendations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Chemokine receptors represent novel targets for treatment of multiple myeloma (MM). However, CXCR4 expression appears to be highly dynamic. This in vitro study investigated the impact of commonly used anti-myeloma agents on CXCR4 expression. Established human myeloma cell lines as well as patient-derived CD138+ plasma cells were exposed to antineoplastic drugs. Cells were analyzed for CXCR4 expression by flow cytometry and direct stochastic optical reconstruction microscopy (dSTORM). In addition, cellular uptake of 68Ga-Pentixafor, a PET radiotracer for noninvasive assessment of CXCR4 expression in vivo, was assessed. CXCR4 expression was highly variable and turned out to be substance, dose and time dependent. Treatment with bortezomib was associated with reduced expression, while dexamethasone and doxorubicin significantly increased expression of CXCR4. Combination of these compounds further increased CXCR4 expression. In conclusion, drugs or combination of drugs can induce CXCR4 expression in myeloma cells. Hence, pretreatment may impact on response to CXCR4-based therapies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This project aims to improve the machinability of wood-plastic composites by understanding chip and built-up edge formation, so as to help manufacturers optimize cutting performance and product quality. Chip formation and built-up edge were studied during orthogonal cutting of wood polyethylene composite with cemented carbide cutters under different conditions. During the orthogonal cutting process, segmental, ribbon, and element chips were generated. The cutting depth was found to have a great impact on the types of chips that formed. Additionally, a built-up edge was found during wood-plastic composite machining, with debris only attaching to the tool's rake face due to thermo-mechanical coupling. Such built-up edges hinder cutting stability and surface quality. Furthermore, variations in the accumulation of debris on the built-up edge corresponded to changes in cutting force and temperature. In fact, both cutting force and temperature proved to be inversely related to the rake angle and positively correlated to the cutting speed and depth. Therefore, to achieve better cutting stability and surface quality for wood-plastic composites, a larger rake angle and a reduced cutting depth are recommended because they reduce the accumulation of debris and the formation of built-up edge. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Library knowledgebases (kbs) have improved generation by generation, product by product over the last three or four decades. Functionality, completeness, integration with other library systems, and the standardization of useful data elements have all increased particularly via the Knowledgebases and Related Tools (KBART) Recommended Practice (RP), KBART Automation RP, and the upcoming NISO recommendation for package identifiers. However, several more fields and limiters would greatly enhance kbs for staff users. These include additional date fields, indicators for consortia- or region-specific packages, curator/responsible party, and more. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]