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AbstractIt is very important to study these flows because they are found in the cooling units for micro-electronic devices, MHD micropumps, and fuel cells, among other microscale electromechanical units. Researchers have found that hybrid nanofluids, which are made up of two or more different nanoparticles mixed in with a base fluid, are much better at conducting heat than single-particle nanofluids. This improved thermal performance makes them ideal candidates for various applications where efficient heat transfer is crucial, such as automotive cooling systems and solar thermal collectors. The aim of the present study is to investigate the effects of quadratic mixed convection, nanoparticle volume fraction, heat source, thermal radiation, and activation energy on the heat and mass transfer characteristics of a hybrid nanofluid (EG+MgO+MWCNT) flow through a microchannel under steady-state conditions. This paper also includes an analysis of irreversibility. The equations which governs the problem are turned into a system, and it has been unraveled by means of the bvp4c solver. Multiple linear regression is used to explain the rate of heat transfer and other physical factors near both plates. It is noticed that, when the heat source parameter (Hs) is set to 0≤Hs≤0.6, the Nusselt number drops by 0.61559 near the left plate. It is detected that, when activation energy parameter (Eg) is set to 0≤Eg≤0.6, at a rate of 0.267838, the mass transfer rate goes up near the right plate. It is observed that as the Brinkmann number and the heat source parameter increases, so does the rate of entropy production. The Bejan number seems to be decreased as the same parameters increase. A value of 0.37309 is found to be the decreasing rate for the friction factor when the volume percentage of MgO (ϕ1) is 0≤ϕ1≤0.15. Also, as Grashoff number increases, so does the fluid’s velocity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The brain is a privileged organ, tightly guarded by a network of endothelial cells, pericytes, and glial cells called the blood brain barrier. This barrier facilitates tight regulation of the transport of molecules, ions, and cells from the blood to the brain. While this feature ensures protection to the brain, it also presents a challenge for drug delivery for brain diseases. It is, therefore, crucial to identify molecules and/or vehicles that carry drugs, cross the blood brain barrier, and reach targets within the central nervous system. Biopolymers are large polymeric molecules obtained from biological sources. In comparison with synthetic polymers, biopolymers are structurally more complex and their 3D architecture makes them biologically active. Researchers are therefore investigating biopolymers as safe and efficient carriers of brain-targeted therapeutic agents. In this article, we bring together various approaches toward achieving this objective with a note on the prospects for biopolymer-based neurotherapeutic/neurorestorative/neuroprotective interventions. Finally, as a representative paradigm, we discuss the potential use of nanocarrier biopolymers in targeting protein aggregation diseases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

AbstractThe incidence of multi-resistant infections has sharply increased. One of the best strategies for developing new drugs is re-engineering existing drugs to enhance their bioavailability and antimicrobial activities. The latest systems focus on designing bioinorganic platforms to develop antimicrobial agents to target drug-resistant microbial strains. Various literature reports highlight metal-based antimicrobial agents unveiling an innovative strategy to tackle microbial agents. One of the significant mechanisms of antibiotic resistance in bacteria is the impermeability of its cell membrane towards antibiotics. Antibiotic-based Schiff base complexes are prime candidates for drug design with minor side effects in this scenario. The enhanced activity of antibiotic Schiff base complexes over their parent compound plays a key role in the emergence of innovative antimicrobials. In this review, we highlight the biological potential aspects of some selected antibiotic-based Schiff base complexes of penicillin, cephalosporins, quinolones, and sulfonamides. Some of the bacteria, especially P. aeruginosa, remain resistant to most of the commercially available antibiotics. Here, the review highlights that Schiff base complexes mediated by antibiotics demonstrate bactericidal activity against these resistant strains. Additionally, their mode of action on the bacterial cell is highlighted. The increased activity of copper, zinc, and silver complexes of different Schiff bases is attributed to their inherent redox chemistry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

PurposeMethodsResultsConclusionTo report a rare presentation of a proven case of Mycobacterium chimaera infection presenting as multifocal choroiditis with recurrent choroidal neovascular membrane (CNVM) in one eye, initially misdiagnosed as punctate inner choroidopathy and later developed serpiginous-like choroiditis in the other eye.Retrospective case report with a review of existing literature.A 30-year-old women presented with metamorphopsia (OD) and best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) of 6/24 (OD) and was diagnosed to have punctate inner choroidopathy with CNVM (OD). Since then, she had received four intravitreal anti-vascular endothelial growth factor injections over 3 years. Two years later, she developed a slowly progressing choroidal lesion radiating from the disc in a serpiginoid manner in the left eye. There was no vitritis. Labs revealed a positive QuantiFERON-TB Gold test. High-resolution computed tomography of the thorax showed sub-centimetre noncalcified lymph nodes in subcarinal and perivascular regions, minimal pleural thickening in left lower zone, minimal pericardial effusion, bronchiectatic changes, and fibrotic strands in right middle and left lower lobes. Bronchoalveolar lavage grew M. chimaera intracellularae (matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry). She was given a course of clarithromycin, moxifloxacin, rifampicin, and doxycycline for 12 months. Though the right eye remained stable, choroidal lesion in the left eye continued to progress threatening the fovea, requiring oral steroids, methotrexate, and an intravitreal dexamethasone implant. At the last follow-up, her BCVA was 6/18 (OD) and 6/6 (OS). Both eyes were stable.This case highlights a rare presentation of proven M. chimaera infection presenting as multifocal choroiditis with recurrent CNVM in one eye and serpiginous-like choroiditis in the other eye, requiring aggressive treatment to salvage the vision. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Maintaining acceptable radiation performance over the entire operation bandwidth is a significant challenge in development of a miniaturised reconfigurable antenna. To address this issue, a new Substrate Integrated Waveguide (SIW) based reconfigurable antenna using slow wave structure is presented in this study. The proposed SIW antenna is based on a layered construction with metallic blind vias connecting to ground plane of SIW. The multi-layer structure of SIW with blind vias helps to separate magnetic and electric fields in the SIW cavity. Thus, a slow wave effect is also utilised and it leads to 36% reduction in the antenna size as compared to conventional SIW cavity. To attain the polarisation and frequency reconfiguration, a cross slot is introduced in the top metallic layer of the SIW cavity and four PIN diodes are connected into the cross-slot arms. Experimental results exhibit frequency reconfigurability in different operating regions with resonant frequencies 4.35, 5, 5.8, 6.4, and 9.6 GHz. The polarisation reconfigurability of the proposed antenna is achieved at 5 GHz with LP/RHCP/LHCP. The proposed antenna exhibits 3-dB axial ratio bandwidth of 4.8 to 5.2 GHz with peak gain of 4.2 dBi. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Segmentation of brain Magnetic Resonance Images (MRIs) into various brain tissues such as white matter (WM), grey matter (GM), and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) is very important to detect and diagnose different brain-related disorders at the primitive level. Accurate segmentation of brain MRIs is very difficult because of the intricate anatomical structure of the tissues, the existence of Intensity Inhomogeneity (IIH), noise, and Partial Volume Effects (PVE). Clustering-based methods are generally used to segment brain images. This work proposes a Chaotic based Enhanced Firefly Algorithm Integrated with Fuzzy C-Means (CEFAFCM) for the segmentation of brain tissues WM, GM, and CSF from brain MRIs. The proposed method can handle IIH, PVE, and noise. CEFAFCM is a spatially modified FCM algorithm combined with the Firefly Algorithm (FA) along with a chaotic map for the initialization of the population of fireflies. The algorithm is tested with brain MRIs acquired from the BrainWeb database. The experimental results demonstrate that the proposed technique is producing better results in comparison with some existing brain MRI segmentation methods such as FCM, BCFCM, FAFCM, and En-FAFCM. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

AbstractBackgroundMethodsResultsConclusionMany governments have introduced health insurance schemes for the poor sections of society to save them from catastrophic health expenditure. Private hospitals play a key role in India, as they are in significant number in secondary and tertiary care services. Private hospitals have to fund their infrastructure, staff salaries from the revenue of previous year. In this study, we compared money received by a private medical college hospital bed through government insurance scheme patient and private paying patient.Observational study, comparing money reimbursed for top ten procedures treated in private medical college hospitals by Ayushman Bharat (AB) fund and the price offered by a paying patient in similar bed.On average 600 patients received medical care through the AB scheme per month at our tertiary care super-specialty hospital. Highest numbers were seen in specialties like cardiovascular, and cancer treatments and infectious diseases under general medicine specialty. The costs considered were surgeon’s cost, medicines, devices, and hospitalization costs. The laparoscopic procedures were incurring a loss of 130%, knee replacements about 50%, coronary bypass grafting thankfully due to controlling of prices by central government is incurring a loss of 10%. The package amount offered accounts to 26–52% only of the costs incurred by the private hospitals.The private academic hospitals need 25% to 50% more than current prices offered, across various procedures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

AbstractThe micro-structural and magnetic properties are significantly modified with substitution of different elements in ferrite nanocrystalline materials. The preliminary structural analysis indicates for the synthesized M0.5Cu0.4Zn0.1Fe2O4 (M = Ni, Co) nanocrystalline ferrites that only the diffraction peaks due to the spinel ferrite phase are present and it has been crystallized in Fd3¯m space group with cubic symmetry. The SEM micrographs indicate that the particles in the sample have a strong tendency to form agglomerates, which is a typical feature of magnetic nano-materials. Two metal-oxygen bands are clearly observed for both the prepared compounds. The peak to peak line width increases with the increase in nickel nanocrystalline ferrite than cobalt nanocrystalline ferrite. Finally, when Co is substituted, Ms rises because the low magnetic moment Cu2+/Zn2+ ions in sites B are replaced by the high magnetic moment Co2+ ions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstractα-Galactosidase (α-GAL) is a class of hydrolase that releases galactose from galacto-oligosaccharides and synthetic substrates such as pNPG. In this study, the production of α-GAL by Actinoplanes utahensis B1 in submerged fermentation was enhanced by using statistical methods. The effects of temperature, pH, and inoculum percentage on enzyme secretion were optimized using BBD of RSM. The optimized process was scaled up from the shake flask to the laboratory scale (5 L) and to pilot scale (30 L) using KLa based scale-up strategy. By using BBD, a maximum yield of 62.5 U/mL was obtained at a temperature of 28 °C, a pH of 6.9, and an inoculum of 6.4%. Scale-up was performed successfully and achieved a yield of 74.4 U/mL and 76.8 U/mL in laboratory scale and pilot scale fermenters. The TOST was performed to validate the scale-up strategy and the results showed a confidence level of 95% for both scales indicating the perfect execution of scale-up procedure. Through the implementation of BBD and scale-up strategy, the overall enzyme yield has been significantly increased to 76%. This is the first article to explore the scale-up of α-GAL from the A. utahensis B1 strain and provide valuable insights for industrial applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract\nHIGHLIGHTSThis study investigates the repair of damaged curved glass/epoxy composite laminates through various adhesive reinforcements and adhesively bonded external patches. The experimental procedures involve fabricating laminates, conducting four-point bending tests, quasi-static indentation tests, and optimizing damaged areas. Results demonstrate the influence of repairs on curved beam strength and interlaminar tensile strength. Adhesive repairs with chopped fiber reinforcement outperform plain epoxy and particle fiber-reinforced repairs, preserving 51.28% of curved beam strength. Adhesively bonded external patches, both single and double, with chopped fiber reinforcement exhibit significant strength recovery 72.08% and 80.78% compared to virgin samples. The study emphasizes the effectiveness of adhesively bonded external patches, particularly those with chopped glass fiber reinforcement, in enhancing curved beam strength and interlaminar tensile strength. This research provides valuable insights for repairing angled structures, such as those in airplane components, showcasing potential applications of these techniques for structural maintenance.Investigated adhesive reinforcements and bonded external patches for curved composites.Laminates fabricated, tested for bending, indentation, and optimized in damaged regionChopped fiber adhesive repairs preserve significant 51.28% strength.Adhesively bonded patches exhibit 72.08% and 80.78% strength recovery.Investigated adhesive reinforcements and bonded external patches for curved composites.Laminates fabricated, tested for bending, indentation, and optimized in damaged regionChopped fiber adhesive repairs preserve significant 51.28% strength.Adhesively bonded patches exhibit 72.08% and 80.78% strength recovery. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Bio-stimulants are gaining importance for elevating the stagnated yield level resulting from continuous use of chemical fertilizers (CF) in many crops, however, their use in pomegranate have not been fully explored. Two years of field experiments were conducted on a 5-years old pomegranate cv. Bhagwa orchard to investigate the effects of different combinations of commercial bio-stimulant products namely, microbial-based product A containing consortium of Rhizophagus spp. (5 kg ha−1), seaweed extract-based granular formulation D (30 kg ha−1) and liquid formulation B (625 and 1250 ml ha−1) through soil application as well as wettable granular formulation, C (1 and 2 g l−1) and liquid formulation, E (1 ml l−1) through foliar sprays along with chemical fertilizers on soil fertility, trees' nutrition, fruit yield and quality of pomegranate. Results showed that integrated use of CF and bio-stimulants significantly increased the number of bisexual flowers. However, the combination of microbial-based product A (5 kg ha−1), seaweed extract based liquid formulation B (625 ml ha−1) in soil and foliar spary of seaweed extract based wettable granular formulation C (1–2 g l−1) with CF resulted in production of the highest fruit yield (increased by 41.97–51.61%) with 23.08–33.38% increase in the exportable grade fruit and improved quality attributes viz. ascorbic acid, anthocyanin, non-reducing sugar, protein, and mineral content of fruits through enhancement in soil fertility and trees' micronutrient status compared to only CF. These doses combinations of bio-stimulants along with CF gave rise to the highest benefit–cost ratio of 2.10–2.34:1 and hence can be recommended for sustainable pomegranate cultivation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The ward round (WR) is an important opportunity for interprofessional interaction and communication enabling optimal patient care. Pharmacists' participation in the interprofessional WR can reduce adverse drug events and improve medication appropriateness and communication. WR participation by clinical pharmacists in Australia is currently limited. This study aims to explore what is impacting clinical pharmacists' participation in WRs in Australian hospitals. A self-administered, anonymous national survey of Australian clinical pharmacists was conducted. This study describes the outcomes from qualitative questions which were analyzed thematically in NVivo-2020 according to Braun and Clarke's techniques. Five themes were constructed: "Clinical pharmacy service structure", "Ward round structure", "Pharmacist's capabilities", "Culture" and "Value". A culture supportive of pharmacist's contribution with a consistent WR structure and flexible delivery of clinical pharmacy services enabled pharmacists' participation in WR. Being physically "absent" from the WR due to workload, workflow, and self-perception of the need for extensive clinical knowledge can limit opportunities for pharmacists to proactively contribute to medicines decision-making with physicians to improve patient care outcomes. Bidirectional communication between the interprofessional team and the pharmacist, where there is a co-construction of each individual's role in the WR facilitates consistent and inter-dependent collaborations for effective medication management. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

AbstractBackgroundMethodsResultsDiscussionThalidomide has been used for angioectasia-associated refractory gastrointestinal bleeding (GIB), with studies showing variable efficacy and side effects profile. We conducted a meta-analysis to reconcile the data.Online databases were searched for studies evaluating thalidomide in patients with refractory/recurrent GIB due to angioectasias. The outcomes of interest were cessation of bleeding, rebleeding, need for blood transfusion, hospitalization and adverse events. Pooled proportions for incidence, and odds ratios (OR) for comparison with control were calculated along with 95% confidence interval (CI).A total of seven studies with 346 patients (n = 269 thalidomide, n = 77 control) were included. Thalidomide dose was usually started at 50–100mg/day. The mean age was 65 years, 45% patients were men, and mean follow-up was 1.8 years. The pooled clinical outcomes with thalidomide were: cessation of bleeding 42.2% (95% CI 36.02 to 48.41), rebleeding 30%, need for blood transfusion 20.1%, hospitalization 40% and adverse events 55.9%. When compared with the control group in 2 studies, patients on thalidomide had significantly higher odds of cessation of bleeding (OR 21.40, 95% CI 5.78 to 79.29, p < 0.00001) and adverse events, with lower need for blood transfusion and hospitalization.In patients with angioectasias-related refractory/recurrent GIB, the use of thalidomide results in significantly decreased bleeding risk and may play a role in the management of such patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

AbstractThis article presents the results of numerical investigation on comparison between two different cooling techniques namely cross flow and jet impingement cooling techniques used in heat sinks for the electronic components. Pin fin heat sink with and without phase change material (PCM) are considered for the investigation. The main focus of this research is to reduce the peak operating temperature of electronic component and pressure drop and to increase the Nusselt number of the heat sinks. Computational fluid Dynamics (CFD) tool is used to model and investigate the heat transfer characteristics across the heat sink. It is found that the cross flow shows superior thermal characteristics compared to jet impingement method due to which the base temperatures of pin fins in cross flow is at an average temperature of 14.5° C lower than that of jet impingement. Furthermore, the use of PCM significantly reduces the operating temperature of the pin fins by an average temperature of 7.5 °C for cross flow and 6.1 °C for jet impingement flow techniques. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this work, a compact finite difference approach is constructed for singularly perturbed parabolic reaction diffusion problems with a retarded term. The time and space derivatives have been discretized using the θ-method and a compact fourth-order finite difference method on a Shishkin mesh, respectively. Parameter uniform error estimates have been calculated in the $ L_\infty $ L ∞ norm. Some numerical examples have been considered to corroborate the theoretical results and compare the numerical results with existing methods in the literature. It is shown that the present approach provides improved results till date for the problem considered in this paper. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Solar energy is a natural renewable energy source. The sunlight that spreads the earth's atmosphere is sufficient to power all of our essentials. The real-world usage of solar energy is critical to fulfilling current and future needs. This article focuses on the vital use of solar energy by utilizing the nanoaggregation concept. A suitable mathematical model is established by considering the flow slip, hydrodynamics, Ohmic, and radiative heats. The modeled problem was resolved using R-K-based shooting process. Simultaneous outcomes are obtained for the aggregation and nonaggregation cases. This study is a practical application of enhanced heat transport in Parabolic Trough Solar Collector (PTSC). It is found that nanoparticle aggregation aids in enlarging the thermal conduction rate of PTSC. This helps with the practical usage of solar energy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This review article provided isolation, biological activity, structural elucidation, and summary of the comprehensive synthesis of the sixteen-membered C2-symmetric macrolide dilactone pyrenophorol. Pyrenophorol has powerful antifungal activity against both Microbotryum violaceum and Saccharomyces cerevisiae, as well as potent antimicrobial activity against Microbotryum violaceum, Chlorella fusca, Escherichia coli, and Bacillus megaterium. It possesses selective phytotoxicity toward wild oats as well as notable anthelmintic properties. Due to the prominent biological activity of this natural product and its attractive C2-symmetric structure, numerous research groups have been attracted and reported the total synthesis of this natural product via vital organic reactions such as photo-induced rearrangement of an α-epoxy diazomethyl ketone to 4-hydroxy-2-alkenoate, intramolecular Wittig reaction, Sharpless asymmetric epoxidation, Grubb's cross metathesis, reductive elimination of iodoepoxide, Rh-catalysed Asymmetric Hydro-Formylation (AHF) tandem reaction, the Novozym 435-catalyzed acrylation, hydrolytic kinetic resolution, Grignard reaction, Swern oxidation, CBS reduction, Pinnick oxidation, Photo Induced rearrangement, Yamaguchi esterification, Baeyer-Villager oxidation, McMillan asymmetric hydroxylation, Horner–Wadsworth–Emmons olefination and Mitsunobu cyclization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper proposes a new generalised boost integrated multilevel inverter (MLI) with reduced components. The proposed MLI is developed by using a modified boost integrated switched capacitor unit, which provides four-level output from each cell. The operation of the proposed MLI for symmetrical 17-level operation with sinusoidal pulse width modulation & nearest level control and asymmetrical 31-level operation with NLC is explained and validated experimentally. The experimental results of static and dynamic load conditions are analysed and discussed in detail. In addition, the proposed topology is compared with recent boost MLI topologies in terms of component count, device stress, efficiency, capacitor size and cost. From the comparative study, it is evident that the proposed MLI provides features such as reduced component count, capacitors size, overall cost and improved voltage gain. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

AbstractSegmented grinding wheels, with active abrasive regions and passive slots, have been reported as a promising choice for controlling the grinding force via an intermittent cutting scheme. With an appropriate selection of feed and other operating variables, segmented grinding could mark its merits of improved thermal performance and grinding efficiency, typically in difficult-to-machine aerospace materials. However, the formation of a boundary layer around a rotating grinding wheel is always a barrier to effective cutting fluid delivery in the grinding zone. This article attempts to investigate the boundary layer characteristics of segmented grinding wheels, typically with a comparison of 8-segmented and 32-segmented grinding wheels with a non-porous electroplated structure and its comparison with traditional porous grinding wheel configuration. The regression model proposed in this article can predict boundary layer thickness and tangential air velocity in the grinding zone during the rotation of the wheel. A closer look at flow aspects has been covered using computational fluid flow modeling/simulation, followed by experimental assessments through particle image velocimetry and shadowgraphs. The influence of segmentation and its configuration (typically the number of segments) have been illustrated through a case study of wet grinding on Ti6Al4V. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The work details the development of a two-port arc-shaped Multiple-Input-Multiple-Output (MIMO) antenna with enhanced isolation characteristics. The proposed dual-port MIMO provides a wide impedance bandwidth of 3.28–5.93 GHz and a maximum isolation of 27 dB between elements in the operating frequency band. A reduced ground plane is utilized to obtain the wideband characteristics for the proposed antenna. The major applications covered by the antenna include sub-6 GHz: n77/n78/n79 and WiFi-5 bands. The important MIMO parameters such as Envelope Correlation Coefficient (ECC), Mean Effective Gain (MEG), Diversity Gain (DG) and Total Active Reflection Coefficient (TARC) are presented to estimate the performance of the developed antenna in the MIMO environment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The effective management of microgrids, which incorporate DERs such as generators and batteries, is crucial for ensuring stability and efficiency in the power system. By evenly distributing the load across modules' capabilities, frequencies, and voltages, a network of micropower systems can be created, capable of transitioning between various states such as islanding, leaving, and reentering the grid. Synchronizing controllers play a vital role in regulating these transitional phases and maintaining system stability, and we propose a Deep Learning approach for power regulation and optimization. By monitoring voltages, phases, and frequencies on both sides of the fixed switch, these controllers employ various control strategies to stabilize the system. Effective control mechanisms are necessary for achieving a sustainable energy economy as renewable energy sources become increasingly prevalent. Our analysis emphasizes the importance of such control methods in developing a reliable and efficient micropower system network. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study investigates landfill leachate treatment using aluminum (Al-Al) and iron (Fe-Fe) electrodes in electrocoagulation (EC). Aluminum experiments revealed COD removal percentages of 22% (pH 7.4) and 20% (pH 6.0), while iron demonstrated higher efficiency at 32% (pH 7.4) and 30% (pH 6.0). Both processes excelled at neutral pH, with Fe-Fe EC displaying superior removal efficiency. To address electrode passivation, external aeration improved COD removal (31% to 61%) under specific conditions (3 V, pH 7.4, 60 min). The EC process established a neutralization mechanism, eliminating the need for further treatment before discharge. External aeration and polarity changes at intervals mitigated passivation, enhancing COD removal (61% to 69%). Voltage testing (1 V, 3 V, 5 V, 7 V) revealed a direct correlation, peaking at 91% efficiency with 5 V. Specific energy consumption was 2.34 kWh g−1, and sludge generation varied with voltage. The combined use of external aeration and polarity shifts resulted in 270 ml of sludge, demonstrating improved efficiency in the EC process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Iris recognition method is the most significant biometric modality for human identification. Currently, multiple deep structured architectures have been employed in biometric recognition with various features like robust generalization ability, high accuracy, and automatic learning. It is also considered as a more emerging area in biometrics along with machine learning approaches. Deep CNN is a conventional approach of image processing broadly utilized in several fields, however, it is simply influenced by slight disturbances and also includes bad anti-noise capacity in image classification. The major scope of this work is to implement adaptive deep learning-aided iris recognition. The key contribution of this paper relies on enhancing iris segmentation and iris recognition. Initially, the iris images are pre-processed, which are subjected to segmentation. The segmentation approach focuses on a Hough transform with K-Means Clustering (HT-KMC). Once the segmentation of the iris is done, the "Enhanced Faster Region-Convolutional Neural Network (E-Faster-RCNN)" is developed for the recognition purpose. The number of suitably hidden neurons of the conventional Faster-RCNN is optimized by the Adaptive-Sail Fish Optimization (ASFO) algorithm to obtain the highest efficiency. The simulation findings of the recommended approach proved that the method is effective in iris recognition by experimenting on a benchmark dataset. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

At the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic, the Kenya Ministry of Health instituted movement cessation measures and limits on face-to-face meetings. We explore the ways in which female sex workers (FSWs) in Nairobi were affected by the COVID-19 control measures and the ways they coped with the hardships. Forty-seven women were randomly sampled from the Maisha Fiti study, a longitudinal study of 1003 FSWs accessing sexual reproductive health services in Nairobi for an in-depth qualitative interview 4–5 months into the pandemic. We sought to understand the effects of COVID-19 on their lives. Data were transcribed, translated, and coded inductively. The COVID-19 measures disenfranchised FSWs reducing access to healthcare, decreasing income and increasing sexual, physical, and financial abuse by clients and law enforcement. Due to the customer-facing nature of their work, sex workers were hit hard by the COVID-19 restrictions. FSWs experienced poor mental health and strained interpersonal relationships. To cope they skipped meals, reduced alcohol use and smoking, started small businesses to supplement sex work or relocated to their rural homes. Interventions that ensure continuity of access to health services, prevent exploitation, and ensure the social and economic protection of FSWs during times of economic strain are required. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Compressed Air Pressure Process (CAPP) is very important in an industrial environment. Because compressed air is used in many applications such as pneumatic-based actuation such as pneumatics valves, pneumatic-based tools, etc. In this process, the minute linkages are very difficult to arrest and also nonlinear behavior of conversion elements such as pressure (3–15) psi to current (4–20) mA (P/I) as well as current (4–20) mA to voltage (0–5) v (I/V) converters are making the process highly nonlinear. To maintain the process variable at a certain prescribed value and to design a good and effective controller, the non-linear process must be controlled, and the best model is needed. In this research work optimized integer with non-integer designs are gained and based on the models the PID controller with optimized controller parameters is selected depending on the model using optimized methods such as Fmin–GA and also Internal Model controllers (IMC) are designed, the Investigations are done by comparing the dynamic behaviors. The performance of the proposed technique is implemented in the MATLAB platform and the experimental prototype is also presented. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Advancements in electric vehicle (EV) technology and integration of renewable energy systems into EV has emerged as a transformative standard for sustainable and efficient transportation have led to the widespread adoption of Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motors (PMSMs) for vehicle drive system. The CAGR Analysis 2023–2030 predicts an 11% annual growth rate for the global electric vehicle industry. This review paper comprehensively explores the multidimensional aspects of inverter-based integration, highlighting their significance in enabling seamless hybrid renewable energy utilization and uninterruptedly charges the EV batteries which delivers an opportunity to optimize the drive process of PMSM effectively. A relentless torque is extremely essential in the electric vehicle applications to attain efficient motor speed. This review paper sights the various aspects of inverter fed PMSM drive controller along with a hybrid Photovoltaic (PV)-dynamo input source system and discusses the development of a productive EV battery charging structure. The findings suggest that the combination of PMSM motors along with a hybrid PV-dynamo source can significantly enhance the charging efficiency by 97% and improve overall PMSM performance. A comprehensive overview of renewable energy-powered EVs and their role in reshaping the future of sustainable mobility. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, detailed studies of effect of small amount of manganese substitution (at the zirconium site) on the structural, micro-structural, and electrical characteristics of lead zirconate titanate of Pb(Zr0.35–xMnxTi0.65)O3;x = 0, 0.02, 0.06, 0.10 (PZMT)) have been reported. The materials were prepared by using standard ceramic technology. The formation of the compounds and their basic crystal data have been studied through X-ray diffraction (XRD) method. The crystallite size and lattice strain of the compounds, evaluated from Scherrer's and Hall Williamson (H-W) equations, is found to be in the range of 40–50 nm and 11 × 10−4 to 50 × 10−4, respectively. Microstructures of different magnifications, revealing the surface nature of the compounds, have been recorded by field emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM). Effect of Mn+4 ions on electrical behavior (electrical impedance (Z*), electrical modulus (M*), conduction and relaxation phenomenon) of PZMT systems, over wide range of temperature and frequency, has been studied. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Civil engineering is not just about construction of buildings, towers, bridges etc. but also of their caring and maintenances. For this purpose all the constructed structures have to be monitored for their structural health in terms of damage detection, severity of damage etc., collectively called structural health monitoring (SHM) of structures in civil engineering. For SHM, electromagnetic impedance (EMI) technique is one of the best methods of NDTs being used in the field of civil engineering. EMI uses lead zirconate titnate (PZT) as its piezoelectric component for the purpose of measurement. PZT based devices are widely used in civil engineering. There is a huge demand for health monitoring now a days and to full fill those demands of health monitoring, PZT is one among the most reliable and cost efficient material. Piezoelectric sensor can be used to measure changes in acceleration, strain, pressure and to ensure the better safety measures. These PZT based sensors can be used for predicting the natural disasters like earthquake that helps to save the thousands of lives and can decrease property lose. The piezoelectric sensors can be used to monitor the civil structure which helps an engineer to analyses the characteristics of that structure. It is also used for collecting the data of force that is being exerted on the ground by the building, temperatures and pressure differences in environment etc. Damage detection is a technique that is used to monitor the civil structure, this can improve safety and ensure durability, and for concrete structures, damage detection plays an important role. For the purpose of SHM and damage detection PZT based sensors can be used. For civil engineering applications, PZT-cement based composites have been developed. The concrete and host structure such PZT-cement based composites shows better matching when compared to normal or other piezoelectric ceramics. In this review work we have discussed about SHM/Damage detection, Vibrational control, PZT embedded cement composites and PZT embedded in concrete. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Having the distinction of being one of the most extensively employed piezoelectric ceramic materials worldwide and multi-faceted, lead zirconate titanate (PZT) has numerous applications and characteristics. In 1954, a remarkable discovery happened at the Tokyo Institute of Technology, which was the development of PZT. Due to its excellent dielectric constant, piezoelectric value, polarization, high Curie temperature, and flexibility, it has been widely used in the field of mechanical engineering, along with other branches of sciences. The main interest of this review article is to describe the significance and involvement of PZT in the field of mechanical engineering. This article starts with a brief review of the history of PZT, after that different synthesis methods, and applications of PZT in relevance to the field of mechanical engineering have been discussed. Finally, this article concludes with the future scope of PZT in the field of mechanical engineering. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Recently, electromagnetic metamaterials are of great interest to researchers because of their unusual electromagnetic properties. The proposed work presents a metamaterial as a superstrate for enhancing the performance parameters of a conventional patch antenna. The metamaterial unit cell is examined using classical waveguide theory to confirm its metamaterial properties such as permittivity and permeability at the resonant frequency. The proposed meta-structure comprises of a 5 × 5 array of circular-shaped split ring resonators backed with wire strips and placed above an inset-fed rectangular patch antenna that resonates at 9.96 GHz. The metamaterial superstrate improves the gain, impedance bandwidth, and radiation efficiency by 2.4 dBi, 770 MHz, and 18.4%, respectively and simultaneously reduces reflection coefficient by 5 dB. Several benefits such as compact size, simpler structure, low profile, and low cost have been obtained from this design. EM simulation of the proposed composite structure has been carried out with the help of the HFSS EM simulator and measurement has been done for validation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Fifty percent of the overall operational expenses of biorefineries are incurred during enzymatic-saccharification processes. Cellulases have a global-market value of $1621 USD. Dearth of conventional lignocelluloses have led to the exploration of their waste stream-based, unconventional sources. Native fungus-employing cellulase-production batches fail to yield sustained enzyme titers. It could be attributed to variations in the enzyme-production broth's quasi-dilatant behavior, its fluid and flow properties; heat and oxygen transfer regimes; kinetics of fungal growth; and nutrient utilization. The current investigation presents one of the first-time usages of a substrate mixture, majorly comprising disposed COVID-19 personal protective-equipment (PPE). To devise a sustainable and scalable cellulase-production process, various variable-regulated, continuous-culture auxostats were performed. The glucose concentration-maintaining auxostat recorded consistent endoglucanase titers throughout its feeding-cum-harvest cycles; furthermore, it enhanced oxygen transfer, heat transfer co-efficient, and mass transfer co-efficient by 91.5, 36, and 77%, respectively. Substrate-characterization revealed that an unintended, autoclave-based organsolv pretreatment caused unanticipated increases in endoglucanase titers. The cumulative lab-scale cellulase-production cost was found to be $16.3. The proposed approach is economical, and it offers a pollution-free waste management process, thereby generating carbon credits. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract Gut microbiota modulates host physiology and pathophysiology through the production of microbial metabolites. Diet is a crucial factor in shaping the microbiome, and gut microbes interact with the host by producing beneficial or detrimental diet-derived microbial metabolites. Evidence from our lab and others indicates that the interaction between diet and gut microbes plays a pivotal role in modulating vascular health. Diet-derived microbial metabolites such as short-chain fatty acids and metabolites of phenolic acids improve vascular health, whereas trimethylamine oxide and certain amino acid-derived microbial metabolites impair the vasculature. These metabolites have been shown to regulate blood pressure, vascular inflammation, and atherosclerosis by acting on multiple targets. Nonetheless, there are substantial gaps in knowledge within this field. The microbial enzymes essential for the production of diet-derived metabolites, the role of the food matrix in regulating the bioavailability of metabolites, and the structure-activity relationships between metabolites and biomolecules in the vasculature are largely unknown. Potential diet-derived metabolites to improve vascular health can be identified through future studies that investigate the causal relationship between dietary components, gut microbes, diet-derived metabolites, and vascular health by using radiolabeled compounds, metabolomics, transcriptomics, and proteomics techniques. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Software quality can be ensured by passing the process of software testing before the software is released. However, the software testing process involves many phases which leads to more resources and time consumption. Test Case Prioritization (TCP) has gained widespread acceptance because it prioritizes the tasks and reduces the number of phases and also produces results in good quality software free from defects. The coverage-based prioritization can be useful to distinguish each test case and result in a better prioritization process by using some algorithm. In this work, we propose a coverage-based prioritized test case generation using an Embedded Auto Encoder (EAE) algorithm which will produce an ordered sequence of the prioritized test cases. Initially, the code coverage for each benchmark has been extracted from the source code repository and is further processed to eliminate the noise in the data. The processed data will be given to the embedded autoencoder which consists of an autoencoder and a sparse autoencoder. Once the modeling is done, the model has been trained with the data generated by the Keras Data Generator class. The efficiency of the proposed EAE technique has been evaluated by using the APFD metric and the observations clearly show that the EAE framework proves to provide an APFD metric of 0.72 on average which is a good value in comparison to the previously deployed methodologies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

AbstractThe think-aloud method is an established technique for studying human thought (cognitive) processes. Problem-solving and decision-making are essential skills for medical professionals, and the cognitive processes underlying these skills are complex. Studying these thought processes would enable educators, clinicians, and researchers to modify or refine their approaches and interventions. The think-aloud method has been utilized for capturing cognitive processes in a variety of fields, including computer usability, sports and cognitive psychology. Medical education also recognizes thought processes as valuable data for research and education. This article aims to guide researchers and educators through the preparation and implementation of a think-aloud method to record participants’ thought processes during an activity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Women's inequitable healthcare experiences are epistemic injustices by which women are discredited and harmed in their position as knowers of their health and their bodies. Drawing on the theory of communicative disenfranchisement (TCD), we sought to amplify voices of women experiencing communicative disenfranchisement (CD) and to unify their stories according to theoretical premises, namely, attention to power, material conditions, discourse, identities and relationships, and process. We interviewed 36 women living in the United States whose health issues have not been taken seriously by health care providers, friends, and family – pervasive sources of disenfranchising talk surrounding health. Mapping onto the TCD framework, our findings explicate the process of CD, including the material and immaterial consequences of disenfranchising talk and women's responses to such talk. CD unfolded as a protracted and often circular process of women seeking care but encountering health dismissals and minimalizations, blaming and shaming, normalizing of their pain, and psychologizing. We unpack how disenfranchising talk rendered women crazy and dehumanized them and inflicted shame and loss. Women responded to disenfranchising talk with silence, and they (re)claimed their voice by resisting psychogenic explanations for their problems, critiquing women's healthcare, asserting their needs, and advocating for others. We discuss the implications of this research for theory and praxis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The current work deals with heat diffusion in hyperbolic tangent cylindrical film movement in the occurrence of Darcy, buoyancy, magnetic field, radiative heat, and irregular temperature sink/source. A precise model was recognized to inspect the same and solved numerically through the bvp5c MATLAB scheme. The results are explored for Newtonian and non-Newtonian cases to understand the rheological advantage of hyperbolic tangent fluid. The consequences are pondered with the help of pictographic and mathematical assessments. The liquids with tangent hyperbolic rheological conduct oblige for active heat diffusion rate. Therefore, these fluids can be used in Parabolic Trough Solar Collector for further heat transmission rate and operative usage of solar energy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The structural transformation path in most developing economies follows an employment shift towards service activities, skipping an industrialisation phase. In this paper, we explore how this premature deindustrialisation trend affects the inclusive growth trajectory of middle-income economies. Considering the trends in manufacturing employment and value-added share, we identify premature deindustrialisation phases in economies. We apply panel fixed-effects and bootstrap-corrected dynamic fixed-effects models to empirically examine the relationship between premature deindustrialisation and income inequality. Our findings suggest that income inequality rises with premature deindustrialisation if the displaced workers are absorbed into market services (especially with employment movement towards non-business market services such as trade, transport, hotels, and accommodation). In contrast, if non-market services (such as education and health) or business services (such as banking and financial services) are the dominant employment provider, it helps to reduce income inequality even in the presence of premature deindustrialisation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A multiband, frequency reconfigurable, and bifunctional metasurface for simultaneous full-space control of Electromagnetic (EM) waves is proposed for wearable applications. The unit-cell structure contains concentric rectangular rings and empty substrate-integrated waveguides (SIWs) for miniaturisation. The miniaturised dimension of the Polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) substrate is 18 × 18 × 1 mm³. Two varactor diodes are integrated for frequency switching operations by configuring the structure using bias voltage (forward/reverse) through the ground via the proposed surface resonates at 3.5,5.8,7.6 (On),8.1 (Off) GHz frequencies, which provide simultaneous bi-functionalities: artificial Magnetic Conductor (AMC) reflector/absorber in reflection and transmission space of operations, respectively. In reflection space, it acts as an AMC reflector by providing in-phase reflection with a radiation efficiency of >84% and unidirectional E-field patterns. However, the magnitude of absorbance is more than 96% in transmission, thereby simultaneously controlling full-space EM wave in normal incidence. The obtained simultaneous metasurface functionalities are investigated for different oblique angles of the transverse electric (TE) and transverse magnetic (TM) incident wave. The proposed surface is fabricated and experimentally validated. The features of the designed bifunctional metasurface provide a strategic platform for potential multifunctional wearable devices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract We investigate L 2 boosting in the context of kernel regression. Kernel smoothers, in general, lack appealing traits like symmetry and positive definiteness, which are critical not only for understanding theoretical aspects but also for achieving good practical performance. We consider a projection-based smoother (Huang and Chen 2008) that is symmetric, positive-definite, and shrinking. Theoretical results based on the orthonormal decomposition of the smoother reveal additional insights into the boosting algorithm. In our asymptotic framework, we may replace the full-rank smoother with a low-rank approximation. We demonstrate that the smoother’s low-rank (d n ) is bounded above by O(h −1), where h is the bandwidth. Our numerical findings show that, in terms of prediction accuracy, low-rank smoothers may outperform full-rank smoothers. Furthermore, we show that the boosting estimator with a low-rank smoother achieves the optimal convergence rate. Finally, to improve the performance of the boosting algorithm in the presence of outliers, we propose a novel robustified boosting algorithm that can be used with any smoother discussed in the study. We investigate the numerical performance of the proposed approaches using simulations and a real application. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Sickle cell disease (SCD) affects 5% of the global population, with over 300,000 infants born yearly. In India, 73% of those with the sickle hemoglobin gene belong to indigenous tribes in remote regions lacking proper healthcare. Despite the prevalence of SCD, India lacked state-led public health programs until recently, leaving a gap in screening and comprehensive care. Hence, the Indian Council of Medical Research conducted implementation research to address this gap. This paper discusses the development and impact of the program, including screening and treatment coverage for SCD in tribal areas. With a quasi-experimental design, this study was conducted in six tribal-dominated districts in three phases – formative, intervention, and evaluation. The intervention included advocacy, partnership building, building the health system's capacity and community mobilization, and enabling the health systems to screen and manage SCD patients. The capacity building included improving healthcare workers' skills through training and infrastructure development of primary healthcare (PHC) facilities. The impact of the intervention is visible in terms of people's participation (54%, 76% and 93% of the participants participated in some intervention activities, underwent symptomatic screening and demanded the continuity of the program, respectively), and improvement in SCD-related knowledge of the community and health workers (with more than 50% of net change in many of the knowledge-related outcomes). By developing screening and treatment models, this intervention model demonstrated the feasibility of SCD care at the PHC level in remote rural areas. This accessible approach allows the tribal population in India to routinely seek SCD care at their local PHCs, offering great convenience. Nevertheless, additional research employing rigorous methodology is required to fine-tune the model. National SCD program may adopt this model, specifically for community-level screening and management of SCD in remote and rural areas. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This research presents a coplanar waveguide fed elliptical-based second iterative antenna for dual-broadband applications. The antenna radiator is formed after implementing two iterations of an elliptical-shaped patch in a tree-shaped manner and a modified semi-elliptical CPW plane. The antenna provides a bandwidth of 1.87 GHz (2.49–4.36 GHz) in the lower resonating band and 1.96 GHz (7.96–9.92 GHz) in the upper resonating band with peak gains of 2.84 and 6.15 dBi, respectively. An augmented gain of 9.48 dBi is obtained by implementing a single-layer FSS (frequency selective surface) beneath the designed antenna. The simulated and experimental results of the antenna with and without FSS are very similar regarding gain, impedance bandwidth, and directional radiation patterns. The antenna described in this article is simple, inexpensive, and low profile in nature. It can be used for Wi-MAX, lower sub-6 GHz 5G (n78), and x-band applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Prevention of abusive content in social media platforms has received a lot of attention in recent years. The problem is still a challenge due to the nuances present in the content posted and the tactics of users to pass through the abusive detection algorithms employed by the social media giants. This paper presents a robust deep learning model that takes the advantage of both character and word representations, to address the challenges associated with the text content of a social media post for detecting abusive content. The proposed model uses character CNN to capture morphological information and learns the important features to distinguish abusive content with the help of an Attention-based Bi-LSTM network. In addition, it uses the pooling layer to avoid spatial translations. We confined our model to only the text content of the social media posts due to the limitations of collecting user characteristics for existing datasets and to honour the privacy concerns of users. Our model is dataset agnostic, as revealed by the empirical results on the data sets of multiple social media platforms. It outperformed all previous methods for abusive language detection with text-only features. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract Chronological sequencing of ink strokes has been a challenge for the Forensic Document Examiners (FDE). Document forgery is a common practice and the ability to determine the order in which the primary and the subsequent strokes have been made is crucial for establishing the authenticity of a document. Lately, the prime thrust of establishing the sequence of intersection of ink lines has shifted from an optical to an analytical approach. Several studies have been reported to explore the use of spectroscopic techniques in determining the sequence of ink strokes made using gel pen inks, ball pen inks, fountain inks, printed ink, stamp inks, etc. The present study aims to study the existing trends in examining the sequence of ink strokes or crossing of lines using vibrational spectroscopic techniques viz. Infrared and Raman Spectroscopy. Several interesting inferences have been drawn, such as factors like paper type and time gap between the application of two intersecting strokes does not influence the determination of the sequence of inter-crossing strokes. A trend of using two analytical techniques viz. VSC, AFM, HPTLC, TOF-SIMS, and SEM/EDX with vibrational spectroscopic techniques have been found to provide reliable results. The study also suggests future research directions in the field, aiming to address challenges faced by the FDEs and provide accurate and reliable solutions for document examination. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this research work, a unique DDoS attack detection and mitigation approach is developed. At first, the input information is carried out into a detection phase, where it identifies the presence of an attack as well as the types of attack. The detection phase will include the "pre-processing, feature extraction, attack detection & attack mitigation." The collected raw information is pre-processed. Then, the flow-based features such as "flow rate, flow byte, total forward packet, as well as total backward packet" are extracted. In addition, the sequential frequent pattern characteristics are retrieved utilizing the Apriori model. For the precise detection, an ensemble classifier is introduced by inclosing the "Neural Network (ANN), Bi-GRU, Recurrent Neural Network (RNN), and optimized Convolutional Neural Network (CNN)." The DBN, Bi-GRU, and RNN of ensemble classifiers are trained with the retrieved characteristics. The result from DBN, Bi-GRU, and RNN is subjected as an input to an optimized CNN, in which weights of CNN are optimally tuned by a novel hybrid optimization. Then, the Trust_BAIT strategy is used in the mitigation phase to remove the intruder from the network. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nanobubble (NB) technologies have received considerable attention for various applications due to their low cost, eco-friendliness, scale-up potential, process control, and unique physical characteristics. NB stands for nanoscopic gaseous cavities, typically <1μm in diameter. NBs can exist on surfaces (surface or interfacial NBs) and be dispersed in a bulk liquid phase (bulk NBs). Compared to the microbubbles, NBs exhibit high specific surface area, negative surface charge, and better adsorption. Bulk NBs can be generated by hydrodynamic/acoustic cavitation, electrolysis, water-solvent mixing, nano-membrane filtration, and so on. NBs exhibit extraordinary longevity compared to microbubbles, prompting the interest of the scientific community aiming for potential applications including medicine, agriculture, food, wastewater treatment, surface cleaning, and so on. Based on the limited amount of research work available regarding the influence of NBs on food matrices, further research, however, needs to be done to provide more insights into its applications in food industries. This review provides an overview of the generation methods for NBs, techniques to evaluate them, and a discussion of their stability and several applications in various fields of science were discussed. However, recent studies have revealed that, despite the many benefits of NB technologies, several NB generating approaches are still limited in their application in specific agro-food industries. Further study should focus on process optimization, integrating various NB generation techniques/combining with other emerging technologies in order to achieve rapid technical progress and industrialization of NB-based technologies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract Significance Aim Methodology Results Novelty The hybrid nanofluid flow is an exciting area of research nowadays for various applications like solar thermal systems, aircrafts, heat exchangers, cooling systems and medical applications.The present research explores the numerical analysis of the three-dimensional spinning flow of a hybrid nano-liquid (NiCr + TC4) over a nonlinear stretching sheet with boundary slip.The flow equations are governed as partial differential equations (PDEs) and then converted into ordinary differential equations (ODEs) via scaling transformations. In order to compute a solution to the nonlinear ODEs, the Runge-Kutta Fehlberg scheme is used along with MATLAB.The findings demonstrate that the temperature field rises with an increase in nanoparticle volume fraction ( ϕ , NiCr ϕ T C 4 ) and falls with an increase in Prandtl number Pr. The wall shear stress in the hybrid nanofluid flow is 1.2% more than viscous fluid flow for different index parameter (n) values. In addition, thermal radiation and magnetic effects widen the study and provide useful insights into the behavior of nano-liquid under various aspects.This article explores the computational analysis of the 3D rotating flow of (NiCr + TC4)/H2O hybrid nano-liquid across a nonlinear stretching sheet under boundary slip conditions. This flow also takes into account the effect of the variable magnetic field and heat radiation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The development of the future's smart cities will increasingly depend on autonomous vehicles. For example, object detection, tracking, path planning, and sentiment or intent recognition, among other things, have all been the subject of several suggestions in recent years in an effort to address specific components of the working pipeline and develop a useful end-to-end system. This article presents a simple benchmark to evaluate the performance of object identification algorithms under deteriorating image quality. In this article, the input image is taken from the car object detection dataset, then, it gets preprocessed. The preprocessing involved Histogram equalization-based contrast enhancement, geometric transformations, and image augmentation. After getting preprocessed the region of interest is segmented with the help of a mask convolutional recurrent neural network (MCRNN). Then, the segmented region is classified using the long short-term memory (LSTM) with the self-improved chimp optimization algorithm. Object detection is performed through the proposed model called MCRNN-SICLSTM. The implementation is performed using MATLAB software. The performance of the proposed model is compared with the existing techniques using the performance metrics accuracy, precision, recall, F-Measure, mean absolute error, mean square error, false positive rate, false negative rate. The accuracy achieved is 99.23%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The proper radiometric calibration of the INSAT-3D and --3DR IMAGER is of utmost importance for effective weather forecasting and monitoring. Accurate and reliable images are crucial for predicting weather patterns, tracking storms, and assessing the impact of natural disasters. This research paper presents an evaluation of the radiometric calibration of the INSAT-3D and --3DR IMAGER using a reflectance-based method referenced to in-situ ground site measurements. Calibration campaigns were conducted at the Great Rann of Kutch (GROK) in Gujarat, India during February 2022 to ensure synchronous measurements of surface reflectance and atmospheric variables. In this study, the radiative transfer model called 6 SV (Second Simulation of a Satellite Signal in the Solar Spectrum Vector) was employed to simulate the Top-Of-Atmospheric (TOA) radiance. The calibration coef- ficients for the Visible (VIS) and Short Wave Infrared (SWIR) bands of the IMAGER were determined by comparing the TOA radiance obtained from the radiative transfer model with the Level 1B product of satellite data. The results convincingly demonstrate that the reflectance-based calibration method yields highly accurate and reliable radiometric calibration for both the VIS and SWIR bands of the INSAT-3D and --3DR IMAGER, with an uncertainty significantly smaller than the expected sensor degradation. Specifically, it was found that the VIS band of INSAT-3D underestimates the radiance value by 9.05%, while the VIS band of INSAT-3DR underestimates it by 4.88%. The study also discusses various sources of uncertainty and emphasizes the need for comprehensive uncertainty quantification to ensure the radiometric accuracy of the IMAGER data. Overall, the calibration results indicate that the absolute radiometric accuracy for the VIS and SWIR bands of the IMAGER on-board INSAT-3D and INSAT-3DR satellites is better than 4%. This research contributes to enhancing the reliability and usability of the INSAT-3D and --3DR IMAGER data for weather forecasting and monitoring applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Investigations were undertaken for a better understanding of seasonality, interaction with tea ecosystem, and parasitic impact of an endoparasitoid Cotesia ruficrus (Haliday) (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) on the destructive tea looper Hyposidra talaca (Walker) (Lepidoptera: Geometridae). The population abundance of C. ruficrus was noticed as high in the months of pre-winter and spring seasons which was coincided with the population increase of H. talaca. C. ruficrus found to foraging and collecting nectar from the flowers of Lantana camera L., Moringa oleifera Lam., and Clerodendron infortunatum L. associated with the tea ecosystem. The life table parameters including intrinsic rate of natural increase (rm) and net reproductive rate (Ro) of C. ruficrus were 0.203 per day and 41.11 female offspring/female, respectively, with the gross reproductive rate (∑mx) 50.09 eggs/female. The parasitic impact of C. ruficrus has significantly affected the food consumption and development of H. talaca. Resultantly, a drastic reduction in body weight, changes in differential hemocyte count (DHC), and morphology of hemocytes were observed in parasitized host larvae. Toxic effect of quinalphos and thiamethoxam on C. ruficrus showed 100% mortality followed by bifenthrin > deltamethrin > emamectin benzoate > flubendiamide > fenpyroxymate after 72 h of the application. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]